Scope Of Influence Research Articles

An Analytical Framework for Error Propagation Effects in Multiprocess Manufacturing

Analysis of multisource errors accompanying process execution and study of the propagation effects of the corresponding multiprocess manufacturing process are the basic prerequisites for optimizing the generation process and improving the quality of the product. This paper proposes an analytical framework for error propagation effects in multiprocess manufacturing, which completely covers error source analysis, mathematical calculation of error propagation accumulation, and description of error propagation effects, which can provide better support for error traceability, error propagation monitoring, and error dissipation in manufacturing production. First of all, establish the process state model into the features of the manufacturing level, analyze the type of multisource error, and its mode of action when executing the process operation; second, establish the mathematical calculation model of error propagation accumulation based on state space equation is established, so as to realize calculation and analysis of error propagation; and finally, establish the link graph and link matrix of error propagation influence in multiprocess manufacturing process are established to further reveal the scope and path of error propagation influence. In this section of the case study, a plate cover part had been taken as an example, the multisource error in its manufacturing was analyzed, and the propagation and accumulation of these error values are obtained by state space and state transition theory. On this basis, the link graph and its corresponding link matrix were used to explicitly describe the error propagation effects during the multiprocess manufacturing of the example part. The example analysis illustrated the proposed error analysis framework could analyze and calculate the multisource error of multiprocess manufacturing and visually describe the error propagation effects, which showed the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method framework.

Applying Blockchain Technology in Network Public Opinion Risk Management System in Big Data Environment.

Network public opinion represents public social opinion to a certain extent and has an important impact on formulating national policies and judgment. Therefore, China and other countries attach great importance to the study of online public opinion. However, the current researches lack the combination of theory and practical cases and lack the intersection of social and natural sciences. This work aims to overcome the technical defects of traditional management systems, break through the difficulties and pain points of existing network public opinion risk management, and improve the efficiency of network public opinion risk management. Firstly, a network public opinion isolation strategy based on the infectious disease propagation model is proposed, and the optimal control theory is used to realize a functional control model to maximize social utility. Secondly, blockchain technology is used to build a network public opinion risk management system. The system is used to conduct a detailed study on identifying and perceiving online public opinion risk. Finally, a Chinese word segmentation scheme based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network model and a text emotion recognition scheme based on a convolutional neural network are proposed. Both schemes are validated on a typical corpus. The results show that when the system has a control strategy, the number of susceptible drops significantly. Two days after the public opinion is generated, the number of susceptible people decreased from 1,000 to 250; 3 days after the public opinion is generated, the number of susceptible people stabilized. 2 days after the public opinion is generated, the number of lurkers increased from 100 to 620; 3 days after the public opinion is generated, the number of lurkers stabilized. The data demonstrate that the designed isolation control strategy is effective. Changes in public opinion among infected people show that quarantine control strategies played a significant role in the early days of Corona Virus Disease 2019. The rate of change in the number of infections is more affected when quarantine controls are increased, especially in the days leading up to the outbreak. When the system adopts the optimal control strategy, the influence scope of public opinion becomes smaller, and the control becomes easier. When the dimension of the word vector of emergent events is 200, its accuracy may be higher. This method provides certain ideas for blockchain and deep learning technology in network public opinion control.

A novel method to quantify misconnected nodes’ reconstruction effects and sewage routing path of drainage system during rainy season

In order to simulate the effects of reconstructing misconnected nodes in the drainage system and quantify sewage routing paths during the rainy season, we have selected a specific region in Fangchenggang City as our study area. All misconnected nodes have been divided into 10 areas based on their respective blocks and streets. COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP are chosen as evaluation indexes, and we have utilized SWMM for modelling purposes. The results indicate that nodes located upstream within the drainage watershed tend to have a broader influence scope, with a maximum pollutant load reduction rate of 8.6%. However, it is worth noting that the normalization effect could worsen if a reconstruction scheme contains more nodes. Our methodology for calculating the pollutant load reduction rate of pipelines presents a novel approach for quantifying pollutant reduction effects, sewage flow paths, and geographical visualization. This approach has the potential to address the knowledge gap in exploring pollutant transfer routes.

Bauran Produk dan Harga Diskon Terhadap Keputusan Penggunaan Jasa Salon Tanta di Pematangsiantar

This study aims to determine whether the product mix and discount prices for Tanta salons can influence customers' decisions to use salon services. The sample is 40 respondents who often go to Tanta Salon. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. Validity test, reliability test, and test are analytical techniques used in this study. Heteroscedasticity Test, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, Autocorrelation, Normality, Multicollinearity, and Coefficient of Determination. The results of this study show that the product mix and discount prices at Tanta Salon Pematangsiantar have a good and significant influence on decision making. Product mix variables and discounted prices can explain 43.7 percent of decision-making variables (adjusted R square number 0.437). Other factors outside the scope of this research model influence or explain the remaining 56.3%.

Center-Periphery Dichotomy in the System of Spatial Structures of the Globalized World

Decentralization processes are increasingly becoming the driving force of changes in the modern world, and how regional elites use their advantages and minimize their disadvantages depends on whether they will turn out to be a boon or a factor of social destruction. It is extremely important in modern conditions that the social and humanitarian sciences contribute to the conceptualization of system-dynamic interdisciplinary knowledge, the scope of which will cover not only the hierarchy of centers and peripheries within a single country, but also the space «above» state borders, which is amenable to regulation. The article is devoted to highlighting modern methodological approaches to reviewing the concepts of center-periphery relations and developing a new model of regionalism, which is based on the recognition of the freedom of pluralism and the intransitive importance of the ideas of multiculturalism. In this context, all cognitive strategies built on the advantages of the ideas of centralization, and first of all on the traditional model of center-periphery relations and modernization, undergo correction. It has been proven that the postmodern situation in which modern society is located is the least reminiscent of a domineering vertical, built according to the usual canons of center-periphery. Rather, it is associated with a heterogeneous horizon that can be modified in a wide variety of configurations. Reviewing the concepts, models and structure of established center-periphery relations contributes to rethinking the mechanisms and scope of influence of political, economic and cultural centers on the course of social development of spatial structures in the context of new challenges. Built on this foundation, the theory of center-periphery polarity is seen as an innovative operational tool in the entire system of natural and social sciences, which to one degree or another are engaged in the analysis of spatial relations

Influence of constructed rapid infiltration system on groundwater recharge and quality

Infiltration of stormwater through green surfaces is an important means of groundwater recharge. However, the increase in constructed impervious area caused by intensive urbanization has led to a reduction in rainwater infiltration over the past decade. The constructed rapid infiltration system (CRIS) with an ample open space plays an important role in groundwater recharge. This study aims to explore the influence of stormwater (roof runoff) concentration infiltration on the groundwater table and quality in the CRIS. Groundwater table monitoring is conducted for more than 2 years (October 2017–December 2019) by continuous online monitoring combined with manual sampling. Results show that the addition of zeolite to the CRIS has a good removal effect on rainfall runoff pollutants, and the influence of stormwater concentration infiltration on groundwater quality is small when the CRIS enters the stable running stage. The increased proportion of chemical oxygen demand, N, and P in J1 are all less than 10% from 2018 to 2019, and they are less than 20% for heavy metals. The stormwater concentration infiltration can recharge groundwater and increase the groundwater depth, and the groundwater depth varies from 0.5 m to 1.5 m during the monitoring period. The influence scope of the concentrated infiltration on the groundwater table and quality is between 25 and 45 m. The response of the groundwater table and quality to the stormwater concentration infiltration of J1, 25 m away from the CRIS, exhibits hysteresis, and the lag time is about 3–4 months. Conclusion from relevant research can provide important theoretical support for the further study of groundwater recharge by the CRIS.

Water Chemical Characteristics and Safety Assessment of Irrigation Water in the Northern Part of Hulunbeier City, Grassland Area in Eastern China

Hulun Buir Grassland is a world-famous natural pasture. The Chenbalhu Banner coalfield, the hinterland of the grassland, is located on the west slope of the Great Khingan Mountains and on the north bank of the Hailar River in China. The proven geological reserves of coal are 17 billion tons. Hulun Buir Grassland plays a role in the ecological barrier, regional coal industry, power transmission from west to east and power transmission from north to south. The proportion of local groundwater in irrigation, domestic and industrial production water sources is about 86%. The large-scale exploitation of coal resources and the continuous emergence of large unit and coal-fired power plants have consumed a large amount of local water resources, resulting in the decrease of the local groundwater level and changing the natural flow field of groundwater. This paper studies the background hydrochemical values and evaluates the irrigatibility of the whole Chenbaerhu Banner coalfield, and studies the impact of coal industry chains such as mining areas and coal chemical plants on the hydrochemistry characteristics of groundwater. The above two studies provide important guiding values for guiding local economic structure planning, groundwater resources exploitation and ecological governance. The study found that Na+ and HCO3− in the groundwater in the study area occupy a dominant position. Referring to the comparison of the lowest values of three types of water standards in the Quality Standards for Groundwater (GB/T14848-2017), the amount of NH4+, Na+ and NO2− exceeding the standard is close to more than 30%. The main chemical types of river water in the study area are HCO3− Na and HCO3− Ca·Na, the main chemical types of surface water are HCO3− Na and HCO3− Na·Ca, and the main chemical type of confined water is HCO3−Na. The formation of hydrochemical types is mainly affected by the dissolution, filtration and evaporation of rocks, specifically the dissolution and filtration of sodium and calcium salts. The chemical correlation analysis of groundwater shows that there are abnormal values at many points in the study area. Further combining with the horizontal comparison of surface human activities in the study area, it shows that the influence scope of coal mine production and coal chemical plants on groundwater is extremely limited. The local groundwater is mainly polluted by a large quantity of local cattle and sheep manure, industrial and domestic sewage pollution and farmland fertilizer.

Application of the high-density resistivity method in detecting a mined-out area of a quarry in Xiangtan City, Hunan Province

Goaf ground collapse has great constraints on people’s lives, property safety, and social development within the influence scope because of its concealment and suddenly happening characteristics. The high-density resistivity method is used to explore the goaf of a quarry in Xiangtan City, Hunan Province. The surface subsidence of the goaf is analyzed using the apparent resistivity inversion section diagram and the comprehensive analysis results. The filling water or sediment in the goaf is reflected as a low-resistivity abnormal body, with a resistivity change that is significantly different from the resistivity change of the surrounding bedrock and the contour fluctuation. The morphological characteristics and geological conditions of the underground abnormal body in the goaf are deduced. Based on the geophysical prospecting method, geological disasters such as goaf ground collapse can be explored. From the combined analysis and processing of inversion data, the geological structure and stratum information of goaf can be inferred, which provides a theoretical basis for further disaster prevention.

ERACE: Toward Facilitating Exploit Generation for Kernel Race Vulnerabilities

Since a large number of Linux kernel vulnerabilities are discovered every year, many vulnerabilities cannot be patched in time. Security vendors often prioritize patching high-risk vulnerabilities, and the ratings of vulnerabilities need to be evaluated based on factors such as exploitability and the scope of influence. However, evaluating exploitability is challenging and time-consuming, especially for race vulnerabilities, whose exploitation process is complicated and the success rate of exploitation is low, making them more likely to be overlooked. In this paper, we propose a new framework, called ERACE, to facilitate the process of exploiting kernel race vulnerabilities. Given a program called a proof of concept (PoC) that can trigger a race vulnerability, ERACE first applies a combination of dynamic and static analysis techniques to locate the instruction that causes the race. Then, it applies code instrumentation and static analysis to determine the timing relationship between the race instructions and the triggering type of the vulnerability and records the vulnerability context information. Next, it uses backward taint analysis to identify checkpoints that can be used to determine whether the race condition and heap spraying are satisfied and records the system calls to which the checkpoints belong. Finally, we can generate exploits based on the information collected above. To demonstrate the utility of ERACE, we tested it on 23 real-world vulnerabilities. As a result, we successfully detected the race points of 19 vulnerabilities, the timing relationship among the race instructions, and the triggering types of 17 vulnerabilities and succeeded in generating exploits for 13 vulnerabilities. ERACE can effectively help security researchers simplify the analysis process of kernel race vulnerabilities, select appropriate exploitation methods, and use checkpoints to increase the success rates of exploitations.

Gerd Hentšelʹ: Regionalʹnye osobennosti ispolʹzovaniâ ukrainsko-russkoj smešannoj reči (suržika) i vliânie dialektov: pristavki i predlogi vid / ot

REGIONAL PROPERTIES IN UKRAINIAN-RUSSIAN MIXED SPEECH (SURZHYK) AND THE INFLUENCE OF DIALECTS: PREFIXES AND PREPOSITIONS VID / OT
 Ukrainian surzhyk is a form of mixed Ukrainian-Russian code influenced not only by standard dialects of Ukrainian and Russian, but also by Ukrainian dialects. In the analyses of the kind and intensity of the influence of Ukrainian or Russian on surzhyk, particularly problematic are the cases in which a given structural phenomenon occurs in some Ukrainian dialects and in the standard language, while in other dialects it is identical or very similar to the phenomenon occurring in Russian. Examples of such language units include the prefixes and vid / ot prepositions discussed in this article. Based on the corpus material, in this study the authors used quantitative methods to present the possibility to differentiate the basic tendencies that determine the way and scope of dialectal influences and both standard languages (Ukrainian and Russian). The main conclusion from the analyses of this linguistic phenomenon is the observation according to which a variant originating from the standard Ukrainian language is only preserved in those areas of using surzhyk in which only such variant occurs. In the regions in which both variants occur dialectally, or only the variant identical to Russian occurs, the latter is preserved. In general, it means that in Ukrainian-language areas variants of synonymical forms are reduced in the process of dialect-levelling in surzhyk as a mezolect.

VISUALISATION OF THE HUMAN BEING IN PERIODICALS “PAGALMS”, “ROTA”, “AUSTRUMS”, AND “MĀJAS VIESA MĒNEŠRAKSTS” IN THE 1880s AND 1890s

Examination of the techniques used for depicting human beings in periodicals of the second half of the 19th century demonstrates how Latvian visual identity was formed at a time when the formation of national identity took place. The article is an attempt to characterise visualisation of the human being in the Latvian magazines “Pagalms” (1881–1882), “Rota” (1884–1887), “Austrums” (1885–1906), and “Mājas Viesa Mēnešraksts” (1895–1905). The development of art dynamics is revealed by characterising the principles of depiction of the human being in connection with the spirit of the time, i.e., national identity. Periodicals were the most accessible medium of the 19th century which formed and in which the concepts of Latvian identity were formed. At the same time the visual material of periodicals provides a general notion not only of the process of identity formation but also helps to reveal how an artist perceives a human being, as well as gives an insight into the use of formal stylistics, art techniques, and the scope of artistic influences.

A Comparative Study on the Measurement of Gender Pay Gap Analysis: Oaxaca-Blinder vs Pay Ratio Method

Purpose - This study purposes to investigate the methodology of measurement in a comparative way by pitting the traditional approach against the recently new approach: Oaxaca-Blinder medium variance and pay-ratio method. Given that Korea’s gender pay gap has been debated on diversity, equality, and inclusion, this study attempts to explore an alternative measurement method towards remedying the situation in Korea. Examining the methodology for analyzing the pay gap is crucial. Previous studies (Heath et al., 2013) have struggled to define the gender pay gap and to explain the phenomenon’s effect in the workplace. This difficulty is experienced because the scope of influence on pay differences is broad and pay-related exceptions always appear in companies.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - This study, using the data of listed companies of the Financial Supervisory Service and HCCP (Human Capital Enterprise Panel) data supported by Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training, analyzes the gender wage gap in Korea in two different measurements. We employ the Human Capital Corporate Panel data (HCCP) for Oaxaca-Blinder method and collect 31,694 employees’ information between 2007 and 2017 from the database. For the organization-level approach, we extract data from the Data Analysis, Retrieval and Transfer System (DART), which provides all the information of publicly-traded firms in Korea disclose. In the DART system, we obtain the pay amounts as well as the populations of 454 firms, randomly generated between 2019 and 2021. These data are matched to the TS2000 database to incorporate the sample firms’ financial information.
 Findings - The results of this study are notable. First, in terms of the Oaxaca-Blinder, the gender wage gap, based on the average annual salary, stands at 36% over the past 10 years. In particular, the gap notably expanded from the manufacturing industry. Second, the women pay-ratio quintile method shows an average pay gap of 32.5%. The effects of data and measurement methods are important. This means the impact of human resource related variables on the gender pay gap is much bigger and consistent in Korean enterprises.
 Research Implications - This study has the following theoretical and practical implications to resolve the pay gap. First, in the pay gap between male and female workers, it is necessary to look more closely at pay-related items and measurement method. Second, it is meaningful to strengthen the evaluation of performance through the disclosure of pay information. Third, in order to reduce the pay gap for women, it is necessary to avoid unfair discrimination in terms of personnel management not only during the employment stage but also after employment.

SEAF: A Scalable, Efficient, and Application-independent Framework for container security detection

Container technology has become a popular development that can conveniently accelerate building, running, and sharing applications. However, a container image packaging a collection of software usually lurks various defects threatening consumer safety, such as embedded malware, software vulnerability, privacy leakage, etc. Moreover, developers and users share container images through a centralized, public, and massive repository (e.g., Docker Hub), which can magnify the impact of these security defects in a fast-spreading way. Unfortunately, existing detection methods cannot effectively or efficiently discover such hidden flaws among the numerous images.This paper proposes a novel method to effectively detect and measure container security flaws embedded in images. Based on the crucial insight that container images are constructed hierarchically, each image depends on layers of forwarding image and adds updated content in layers of itself. Our work mines a Global Relationship Tree (GRT) based on dependency among the images that contain common layers. Meanwhile, by traversing the GRT and leveraging content differential analysis, we can locate the changing content in an image corresponding to defects. Therefore, when checking flaws among numerous images, we make a layer-sensitive detection by reusing common layers’ detection results in iterative processes to boost detection and accurately measure the influence scope of defects. Finally, we summarize and develop a set of detection primitives for scaling our approach to handle various flaws that may lead to multiple risks in potential.Depending upon this method, we implemented SEAF, a Scalable, Efficient, and Application-independent Framework, and evaluated it on popular images of diverse applications in Docker Hub. The experiment result shows that SEAF can discover different security flaws fast. Compared to the state-of-the-art tool, Clair, SEAF is more efficient and can find significantly more types of defects.

Thermal and mechanical characteristics of a thermal pile in permafrost regions

Cast-in-place pile foundations are widely used in permafrost regions to support buildings. The stability of cast-in-place pile foundations is highly sensitive to permafrost thermal regime changes. Permafrost degradation caused by climate change is increasing the disaster risk of cast-in-place pile foundations. However, proactive cooling methods for cast-in-place pile foundations are seldom reported. The cold energy produced by two-phase closed thermosyphons (TPCTs) can efficiently prevent the permafrost thermal regime from being disturbed by engineering activities and climate change. TPCTs were installed in a concrete pile forming a thermal pile. Then, a model experiment was conducted to explore the thermal regime, influence scope, dissipation process of cold energy, and freezing strength of the thermal pile. The results indicated that the thermal pile may significantly cool the foundation soil. Most of cold energy produced by the thermal pile dissipated during the warm period, and the cooling scope of the thermal pile can cover the area within a 40 cm (twice the pile diameter) radius around the pile. Additionally, the TPCTs can significantly improve freezing strength between the thermal pile and frozen soil. The lesson learned from this study can provide a new approach to control the thermal regime of cast-in-place pile foundation in permafrost, which was of valuable to the construction of pile foundations in cold regions.

An Empirical Study on the Impact of Fed Rate Hikes: Perspective from Fama-French Three-Factor Model

The Fed’s interest rate hike is currently a hot issue of social concern. Some researchers believe that the Fed's rate hike this time is an "urgent cycle" rather than a "long-term cycle". However, there is still no unified explanation for the formation mechanism and scope of influence behind it. Therefore, this paper collects the return data of the US stock industry and conducts a Fama-French three-factor regression analysis. Research shows that the short-term negative impact of the U.S. stock market in the context of the Fed raising interest rates is not conducive to the development of the U.S. stock market, meanwhile, the energy industry benefits from the hike on the long term. The fed rate hike will have a negative impact on the rest of the industry in the short term, with the durable goods sector and business equipment sector having the most severe impact, and the utility sector and non-durable goods sector having a relatively small negative impact.

Factors in the Formation of Patriotic Values and Attitudes in High School Seniors (Case Study of Siberian Federal District)

Introduction. The issue of patriotism tends to be one of the most discussed in official discourse on the Russian youth. Still the issue lacks explicit conceptual interpretation and consistent mechanism of implementation at different levels. The article aims at evaluating the scope of influence of the specifics of the regions, their socio-cultural, informational and institutional environment on the way senior school children understand patriotism, the type of patriotism dominating their conscience and their attitude to patriotic education in Russia. Materials and Methods. The article draws on the surveys of the pupils of 8th–11th grades of secondary schools in 10 regions of Siberian Federal District (n =2 050 people; non-linked quota samples with monitoring age, grade, type of locality and region). The data were collected through direct questionnaires at the respondentsʼ place of study. Results. The article has revealed prevailing emotional interpretation of patriotism by senior school children. The model of “blind” patriotism and its activity-orientated interpretation are wide-spread among school children of national republics, while “constructive” patriotism is spread among school children of administrative regions. The factors determining this split are peculiarities of the environment, values, current and prospective political involvement of the youth, the level of its trust for social and political institutions. The article has traced the influence of the dominant models of patriotism and the degree of school children involvement into the system of patriotic education on their attitude to this system, their evaluation of its forms and methods. Based on the conducted survey the article has proved the consistency of applying models of “constructive” and “blind” patriotism to composite societies on both a country and a region level. Discussion and Conclusion. The conclusions and the materials of the research can be useful for state departments of youth policy, youth social and political organizations, institutions of education as well as for research in politics and sociology of youth.

Recognition of the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Patent Law of the European Union

Artificial intelligence has been paving the way for revolutionizing science, technology and production worldwide, and at the same time entailing changes in traditional legal relations – patent law is not outside the scope of influence of artificial intelligence. Questions are being raised about the increasing patent protection system such as the object of an invention, the subject of an invention or the criteria for evaluating patentability. The article provides an insight into the experience of the European Union patent law in response to the effects of artificial intelligence, thereby proposing some recommendations for Vietnam.

The EU and Third Countries: Consequences for Democracy and the Political Order

AbstractThis article discusses the democratic implications of third country incorporation for the EU and for third countries. The more the EU transforms sovereignty in an open and inclusive manner, the greater the scope for third country presence, participation and influence. For the EU, the greater the presence and influence of third countries, the more pressing the democratic incongruence. For third countries, the better included and the more they participate, the less incongruent their affiliation, and the more similar to members they become. These considerations depend on how the EU structures its relations with third countries and the nature of the EU's political order. It is in the EU's internal market and flanking areas that the pooling and sharing of sovereignty is the most pronounced. The conundrum facing third countries and the EU is that the internal market is central to the EU's constitution as a political system.

Research on the Contribution of Zemiology to the Understanding of Global Crime and Insecurity

With the development of human civilization and democracy, the subject of crime has developed from individuals to groups, from people to enterprises. As a vital social participant, the possibility of state crime is often ignored. It is worth noting that once the state commits crimes, the scope of social influence and harms are far beyond the mainstream individual crimes. Therefore, recently, state crime has also become an important research object of global crime and insecurity. Unfortunately, criminological analysis is too conservative to analyze it, while zemiology, which uses a broader social harm analysis structure, makes up for its deficiency. This paper will take the state crimes in Hurricane Katrina 2005 as the example, study it through Criminology and Zemiology, specifically compare the two approaches, and then summarize the advanced feature in Zemiology, so as to provide a fresh and positive direction for the research of global crime and insecurity.

Impact of scaling and root planing on association of site- and tooth-specific factors with bleeding on pocket probing.

This study was conducted to elucidate the link of site-specific, tooth-related, and patient-associated factors with bleeding on pocket probing (BOPP) and the impact of scaling and root planing over these factors. This cross-sectional study comprised of 50 untreated periodontitis patients and 50 periodontitis patients who had received scaling and root planing in the last 6 to 12 months and were on supportive periodontal therapy. Multilevel modeling was applied to data, with BOPP being the dichotomous outcome variable. Variables that revealed a significant association with BOPP in multilevel modeling were analyzed further to find the influence of the treatment group (untreated periodontitis and treated periodontitis) on the association between predictor variables and BOPP. Odds ratio (OR) for BOPP in untreated periodontitis versus treated periodontitis was 1.493, and in molars versus anterior teeth this was 1.439. Untreated periodontitis had an OR of 3.500 compared to treated periodontitis, in anterior teeth with Plaque Index 0. This was 2.795 and 7.734 in treated periodontitis and 5.106 and 12.762 in untreated periodontitis at Plaque Index 1 and 2, respectively. Bleeding on marginal probing had an OR of 6.984 for BOPP. Bleeding on marginal probing negative sites had higher OR in untreated periodontitis irrespective of the probing pocket depth. Plaque control is more effective in controlling periodontal inflammation after scaling and root planing. The probability of BOPP in the absence of bleeding on marginal probing is higher in untreated patients. The scope of influence of marginal inflammation on periodontal inflammation in shallow pockets is more in untreated periodontitis as compared to treated periodontitis; however, the trend reverses in deep pockets.