Influence Of Wind Farm Research Articles

Application of fully automated centralized voltage regulation in transmission system operation management

The influence of wind farms, inclusion of distributed energy and the energy market has a large impact on the voltage profile in a transmission system. The Croatian Transmission System Operator HOPS has implemented VVC (Volt Var Control) system which was one of the subprojects included in the EU co-founded Sincro.Grid smart grid project that was financed by the EU CEF fund. The main goal of the project is to raise voltage quality in the transmission network. VVC system is an optimal power flow-based application which calculates the optimal solution regarding the desired objective function, available control variables and a defined set of constraints. To achieve the calculated optimal power system state, control of field devices is included in the process of optimization by shifting tap changer positions or changing setpoint values of reactive power injection. Voltage and reactive power constraints are set accordingly to available regulating devices included in the optimization.
 The lack of automatic coordination of reactive power resources motivated this work for implementing an advanced VVC for real time control of reactive power in partially automatic and fully automatic (closed loop) mode using the optimal power flow (OPF) algorithm. Due to its complexity, the closed loop approach of reactive power regulation is rarely used in the TSO community and the HOPS is one of the first TSOs that implemented regulation in such manner. Except fully automatic mode of operation, VVC can be used in semi-auto or manual mode. For a successful implementation several safety algorithms are implement to avoid many unwanted situations in the power system such as voltage breakdown, overloading of regulating equipment and similar

First assessment on the influence of wind farms and high-voltage networks on ruddy-headed goose Chloephaga rubidiceps migration in Patagonia, Argentina

First assessment on the influence of wind farms and high-voltage networks on ruddy-headed goose Chloephaga rubidiceps migration in Patagonia, Argentina

The impact of onshore wind farms on ecological corridors in Ningbo, China

Under the background of the energy transition, the ecosystems are threatened by the rapid expansion of renewable power plants, especially wind turbines with enormous sizes. While the potential ecological influence near wind farms has not been extensively studied. In the process of wind farm site selection, there is no uniform methodology to assess the ecological impact on the local ecosystem. This paper proposed a research framework to quantify the impacts on ecological corridors under the influence of wind farms. Taking five wind farms in Ningbo Peninsula as cases, the geographical data from Landsat 8, NDVI, DEM, and wind turbine data from Vortex were selected from 2010 to 2020. The ecological sources and resistance surfaces were analyzed with and without wind farms under least-cost distance and least-cost path models. The results revealed that wind farms could increase the migration resistance that prevents the species’ ecological corridors, and change the number and routes of main ecological corridors. Additionally, the cumulative resistance value positively correlated with the distance between ecological sources. Through GIS spatial quantification assessment, this paper helps balance wind energy development and regional ecological security and provides scientific and orderly planning suggestions for the healthy development of the regional ecological network.

Effect of Wind Farm and Thyristor Switched Series Capacitors on a Faulty Network

Controlling voltage and active or reactive losses are one of the most important issues in each power grid. In this paper, the influence of wind farm and thyristors switched capacitors on the network are considered. TSSC and Wind turbines are one of the significant components of each network. These instruments are also one of the resources of producing active and reactive power. In this study, wind farm and TSSC are already located optimally by Genetic algorithm. This network studied when a fault considered in one of buses. So that, in first step none of wind farm and TSSC are in the power grid. In the second step, both wind farm and TSSC are connected while a short circuit accrues in one of the busses or lines of the network. At the end, it will be observed that using thyristor switched capacitors and wind farm influence the network. So that, the capacity of producing the reactive and active power will be increased and totally the loss of the system will be decreased. Furthermore, the voltage profile will be in a suitable range.

Effects of wind farms on near-surface wind speed

Large-scale development of wind farm has brought environmental benefits, at the same time, it will also affect local meteorological environment. We choose Zhurihe wind farm, which is located in Sonid Youqi of Inner Mongolia, as our study area. Our Observation instrument is HOBO automatic meteorological station. The observation points are set on upwind area, inner wind farm and downwind area, in order to parallelly observe wind speed of 0.5m, 1.5m and 3.0m height. The results show that the wind farm consumes wind energy and reduces wind speed of inner wind farm and downwind area. The relationship of average wind speed in spring, summer and autumn is upwind area> downwind area > inner wind farm. Compared with upwind area, the decrease scope of average wind speed of inner wind farm and downwind area in spring is 5%-22%, summer is3%-25%, autumn is 5%-33%. The influence of wind farm on the near surface wind speed reduces with the increase of environment wind speed in the same season. The existence of the wind farm has no effect on the form of wind velocity profile, which are all the standard logarithmic curve. But the slope of wind velocity profile of inner wind farm and downwind area is decrease. That is to say the fluctuation trend of wind speed increasing with the increase of height is not significant. In addition, compared with upwind area, the existence of wind farm has increased the surface roughness of the area where the wind farm is located in.

Bundled Generation and Transmission Planning Under Demand and Wind Generation Uncertainty Based on a Combination of Robust and Stochastic Optimization

Bundled generation and transmission expansion planning (BGTEP) aims to solve problems related to ascendant demand of power systems. A BGTEP model is considered in this paper and the optimal planning for a long-term period is obtained such that the cost of installation and operation would be minimized. Also, due to the recent orientation toward renewable energy sources, the influence of wind farms is involved in the methodology. An important aspect of load and wind power is their uncertain nature and the characteristic of being unforeseen. This matter is under consideration by a bounded and symmetric uncertainty optimization approach. In fact, the combination of two uncertainty methods, i.e., robust and stochastic optimization approaches are utilized and formulated in this paper. Besides, to cope with this uncertainty, Weibull distribution (WD) is considered as wind distribution, while load distribution is counted by a normal distribution (ND). A unique approximation approach for WD to be considered as ND is presented. In addition, a linear formulation is obtained by alternative constraints in order to drastically reduce the level of complexity of the formulation. Accordingly, a mixed-integer linear programming formulation is proposed to solve the BGTEP problem. The modified 6-bus and IEEE 24-bus RTS test systems are used to prove the applicability of the proposed method.

Influence of Wind Farm with PMSG Type on Small Signal Stability of Power System

In order to study the small signal stability of power grid after grid-connection of large-scale Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) wind farms, the mathematical model of PMSG was established. By means of simulation on a simple power system, the damping characteristics of grid under different wind power penetration and different access location of wind farms were studied in detail. Simulation results show that along with the increase of wind power, the inter-area oscillation mode damping would reduce. When wind farm was attached the receiving area, the inter-area oscillation mode damping was lower than it when wind farm was attached the supplying area.

Influence of Windfarms on Power System Dynamic and Transient Stability

The interaction between bulk windfarm generation and conventional generation and its influence on network dynamic characteristics are investigated. A simple three-generator system having characteristics that may be considered representative of the major areas of the UK network is used for the dynamic studies. Time response simulation and eigenvalue analysis are used to establish basic transient and dynamic stability characteristics. The wind generation is provided either by windfarms based on Fixed Speed Induction Generators (FSIGs) or Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs). In addition, in order to provide a base-line, against which windfarm influence on network dynamics can be judged, the case where the power is provided only by conventional synchronous generation is also considered.