Influence Of Water Addition Research Articles

The Influence of Water Addition on Solutions of FeCIi in Isopropanol

By means of Optical Absorption, EPR and Mössbauer techniques it is demonstrated that the addition of small amounts of water to solutions of FeCl3 in isopropanol enhances the concentration of [FeCl4]- complexes, this addition leading also to the formation of ferric dimers involving two Fe3+-OH- bridges. An explanation of this fact based on the disproportionation of FeCl3 and water hydrolysis is reported

Gaseous equilibria in the C-H-O ternary system at 500?2000 K, 0.1?10 atm

The complex gaseous equilibria of approximately 10,000 different compositions in the C-H-O ternary system containing up to 40 gaseous species have been calculated at temperatures of 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 K for total pressures of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 atm. The results are represented by selected isoactivity curves of carbon and isobars of hydrogen and oxygen plotted on C-H-O Gibbs composition triangles. The effects of changing composition, temperature, and pressure upon the chemical equilibria in this system are analyzed. In addition, the role of the C-H-O system in selected industrial applications is briefly discussed, including the choice of gas mixtures for the carburization of metals; the extent of carbon deposition at various temperatures, pressures, and compositions in reforming and gasification processes; the free hydrogen partial pressure in the anode compartment of fuel cells and influence of water addition; the oxygen potential in the products of combustion engines; and chemically buffered gas mixtures in controlled atmospheres.

Solvent effects on the formation equilibria of cobalt(II)-chloride system in acetone-water mixture

The data about cobalt(II) - chloride complexes in acetone solution have been completed by recent spectrophotometric methods (K 3=4.5 10 7; K 4=6.1 10 2). Furthermore, the influence of water addition on the system has been pointed out by considering the dielectric and donor properties of the solvent mixture. The results show a linear correlation of the complex species distribution with the reciprocal dielectric constant of the simple binary system, so that a possible explanation of the present data and of those of some oher authors has been discussed in terms of DEC influence on dissociation reactions. Donor number equality for water and acetone has made it possible to minimize the solvent influence on the ionization processes when varying water-acetone ratio.