Influence Of Various Physical Parameters Research Articles

Nonlinear Ion Acoustic Waves in Multicomponent Plasmas with Nonthermal Electrons-positron and Bipolar Ions

Abstract This paper studied the propagating characteristics of (2+1) dimensional nonlinear ion acoustic waves in a multicomponent plasma with nonthermal electrons, positrons and bipolar ions. The dispersion relations are initially explored by using the small amplitude wave's dispersion relation. Then, the Sagdeev potential method is employed to study large amplitude ion acoustic waves. The analysis involves examining the system's phase diagram, Sagdeev potential function, and solitary wave solutions through numerical solution of an analytical process in order to investigate the propagation properties of nonlinear ion acoustic waves under various parameters. It is found that the propagation of nonlinear ion acoustic waves is subject to the influence of various physical parameters, including the ratio of number densities between the unperturbed positrons, electrons to positive ions, nonthermal parameters, the masses ratio of positive ions to negative ions, and the charge numbers ratio of negative ions to positive ions, the ratio of the electrons’ temperature to positrons’ temperature. In addition, the multicomponent plasma system has a compressive solitary waves with amplitude greater than zero or a rarefactive solitary waves with amplitude less than zero, in the meantime, compressive and rarefactive ion acoustic wave characteristics depend on the charge numbers ratio of negative ions to positive ions.

The Impact of Heat Transfer and a Magnetic Field on Peristaltic Transport with Slipping through an Asymmetrically Inclined Channel

This theoretical investigation explores the intricate interplay of slip, heat transfer, and magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) on peristaltic flow within an asymmetrically inclined channel. The channel walls exhibit sinusoidal undulations to simulate flexibility. The governing equations for continuity, momentum, and energy are utilized to mathematically represent the flow dynamics. Employing the perturbation method, these nonlinear equations are systematically solved, yielding analytical expressions for key parameters such as stream function, temperature distribution, and pressure gradient. This study meticulously examines the influence of various physical parameters on flow characteristics, presenting comprehensive visualizations of flow streamlines, fluid axial velocity profiles, and pressure gradient distributions. Noteworthy findings include the observation that the axial velocity of the fluid increases by 55% when the slip parameter is increased from 0 to 0.1, indicative of enhanced fluid transport. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that the pressure gradient amplifies by 80% with increased magnetic field strength from 0.5 to 4, underscoring the significant role of MHD effects on overall flow behavior. In essence, this investigation elucidates the complex dynamics of peristaltic flow in an asymmetrically inclined channel under the combined influence of slip, heat transfer, and magnetohydrodynamics. It sheds light on fundamental mechanisms that govern fluid dynamics in complex geometries and under diverse physical conditions.

Investigating the Thermal Efficiency of Al2O3–Cu–CuO–Cobalt with Engine Oil Tetra-Hybrid Nanofluid with Motile Gyrotactic Microorganisms Under Suction and Injection Scenarios: Response Surface Optimization

Nanofluids, due to their complex behavior and enhanced thermal properties, are utilized across chemical, biotechnology and thermal engineering disciplines. They are particularly integral to heat transfer processes in heavy machinery and vehicles. This study introduces a novel method for analyzing heat transfer within a tetra nanofluid system through a hybrid analytical and numerical approach. Our research primarily examines the dynamics of a magneto Williamson hybrid tetra nanofluid embedded with motile gyrotactic microorganisms. The study is designed around two scenarios: one investigates the behavior of an Al2O3–Cu–CuO–Cobalt/Engine oil nanofluid under suction conditions, and the other under injection conditions. By employing similarity variables, we transform the original fluid flow equations into nonlinear differential equations to further explore the influence of various physical parameters on the fluid’s flow. Such parameters include the nanofluid temperature and velocity as well as the concentration of nanoparticles, and the volume fraction of motile gyrotactic microorganisms. The optimization of the numerical results for skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number and microorganisms concentration is validated through response surface optimization techniques. Additionally, the study utilizes Matlab‘s bvp4c function to examine the thermal efficiency and characteristics of fluid flow across a spectrum of parameter values.

MHD nonlinear natural convection from a uniformly moving porous vertical plate with constant heat and mass flux in the presence of thermal radiation, diffusion‐thermo, heat sink, and chemical reaction

AbstractAn attempt has been made to investigate the problem of nonlinear free convection heat and mass transfer flow past an infinite vertical porous plate embedded in a porous medium by taking into account thermal radiation and heat sink with constant heat and mass flux. Transversely oriented and of uniform strength , a magnetic field has been introduced to the fluid area. The nonlinear density variation with temperature as well as concentration are the basis for the current physical situation, which is explained by this mathematical model. Exact solutions are derived for momentum equation, energy equation, and species continuity equation under the relevant boundary conditions. The dimensionless governing equations are analytically solved. The influence of various physical parameters, such as Dufour number, Schmidt number, thermal Grashof number, magnetic parameter, mass Grashof number, heat sink, thermal radiation, Prandtl number, chemical reaction parameter on the flow, and transport characteristic, has been presented graphically and in tabular form. The novelty of the present investigation is that here both constant heat and mass flux at the plate are taken into account in addition to thermal radiation and heat sink. The findings of the mathematical study demonstrate that velocity, temperature, and skin friction intensify with a rise in the Dufour number this is due to the fact that the convection current becomes stronger as the Dufour number rises. Fluid's concentration declines as the Schmidt number grows, or the concentration rises as the mass diffusivity rises. Fluid temperature is enhanced with high thermal diffusivity. Frictional resistance on the plate hikes due to thermal buoyancy force.

Effects of Injection/Suction on Unsteady MHD Natural Convective Radiative Flow of Heat Mass Transfer in a Plumb Frequency

This paper explores the effects of injection/suction on MHD unsteady natural convective radiative flow of heat mass transfer in a plumb frequency. The governing partial differential equations are converted to non- dimensional forms and solved numerically by an efficient, implicit, iterative method of Crank Nicolson. Suction/injection is used to control the fluid flow in the channel, and an exothermic chemical reaction of Arrhenius kinetic is considered. A parametric study illustrating the influence of various physical parameters is performed. Numerical results for the velocity, temperature, ad concentration as well as the skin friction factor, surface heat and mass transfer rates have been presented for parametric variations of injection/suction, Grashof number, MHD, Prandtl number and Schmidt number. It is reported that the velocity profile increase as thermal grashof number increases. The temperature profile rises by the influence in increasing values of injection and decreases by increasing values of suction parameter. While concentration profile decreases by the increasing values of chemical reaction in the case of suction and injection. The dependence of the skin friction coefficient, rate of heat transfer and mass transfer on these parameters has been discussed.

Enhancing heat transfer with 50%–50% water‐ethylene glycol hybrid nanofluid flow over a nonlinear stretching sheet

AbstractIn this article thermophysical properties of nanoparticles with water‐ethylene glycol mixture and its impact in augmenting of heat transport is presented. Boundary layer flow over a stretching surface with simultaneous effects of viscous dissipation, radiation, electric and magnetic field are taken into account. Self‐similarity transformation is utilized to modify the flow governing equations into system of differential equations and solved by shooting method. Program code is validated with existing results in literature and results shows good agreement. Influence of various physical parameters are visualized and Nusselt number, skin friction quantities are computed. We have observed that application of electric field increases Nusselt number. Eckert number decreases the Nusselt number for both nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid.

Heat transfer analysis of water-ethylene glycol (50:50) based nanofluid over a cone with the influences of magnetic field and uniform heat generation/absorption

Aim:The novelty of the problem is to examine the heat transfer analysis of H2O–C2H6O2 (50:50) mixture based Al2O3 and Fe3O4 over a heated and spinning down-pointing vertical cone with the effect of heat generation or absorption in the presence of magnetic field. Findings:Results are demonstrated in terms of graphs to examine the influence of various physical parameters that come across such as Magnetic parameter M, Spin parameter ϵ, Nanoparticle volume fraction ϕ, Heat generation or absorption parameter Δ, velocity slip parameter Γ1 and thermal slip parameter Γ2 on dimensionless velocity profile F′(y), G(y) and temperature profile H(y). The effect of M, ϵ, ϕ, Δ,Γ1,Γ2on skin friction and local Nusselt number are examined in tabulation form. Significant outcomes:It is pointed out that enhancement in Magnetic parameter and thermal slip parameter leads to declination of the velocity profile. Influence of Heat generation or absorption parameter magnifies the thermal characteristic of the flow. Moreover, the numerical statistics was triggered and catalogued to analogize the results of existing outcomes with those of previous literature for some special cases and established excellent agreement. Fe3O4 possess 0.78% and 0.92% of high surface drag force and heat transfer rate respectively than Al2O3 with respect to heat generation or absorption parameter. Approach:The system of partial differential equations is transformed into set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Solutions for the system of nonlinear Ordinary differential equation are obtained by Numerical method. The numerical scheme is developed based on fourth order Runge Kutta scheme along with shooting techniques. Practical implications:In this current growing scenario, engineers and scientists are making an endeavour to gratify the global needs. Nanofluids are considered as inevitable one for achieving industrial and global needs. The investigation of heat transfer over rotating cone with the effect of magnetic field is of considerable interest due to its presence in industrial and technological applications. Especially in the design of turbines and turbo equipment’s and in understanding the path of flight of rotating wheels.

Numerical simulations and modeling of MHD boundary layer flow and heat transfer dynamics in Darcy-forchheimer media with distributed fractional-order derivatives

In this study, we extend the application of an existing Cattaneo heat flux model integrated with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Maxwell boundary layer flow using distributed fractional-order derivatives. This offers a novel approach for the use of disturbed order along with the midpoint quadrature rule, not previously considered in the literature for such phenomena. Moreover, the application of a variable heat flux with distributive order fractional constitutive equation, also an unexplored area in the literature, adds to the novelty of our study. We investigate the dynamics of the model over a flat surface in the presence of variable heat flux and Darcy-Forchheimer media. The governing equations, along with their respective initial and boundary conditions, are derived and solved using the finite difference method employing the L1 scheme. A benchmark 'exact solution' is obtained for a simplified version of the problem and a numerical solution is provided for a more complex, realistic version. The accuracy of our numerical scheme is validated by comparing results with the benchmark solution, and a mesh independence study further validates our code. Our study uncovers unique insights into the influence of various physical parameters on the velocity and temperature boundary layer thickness, as well as the flow and heat transfer mechanisms, elucidating the rheological characteristics of the system.

TO ASSESS THE STRUCTURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE PARAMETERS OF THE PRECISION ROTARY SYSTEM ACCORDING TO THE SPECIFIED FUNCTIONS OF SENSITIVITY AND DEVIATION OF THE SPECTRUM OF OWN FREQUENCIES

The question of precision rotary systems with artificial elements of pretension, which significantly affect the rigidity and displacement of resonance frequencies and, as a result, lead to the appearance of very conditioned sensitivity matrices, has been investigated. The mathematical model of the system is identified. With spatial oscillations of the system, two of the most typical and important are defined: fluctuations in vibration force along the rotor axis and in a direction perpendicular to it. Designed diagnostic operator as a complete sensitivity matrix. The proposed algorithm for the diagnosis of parameters of multidimensional mechanical fluctuation systems using computer technology. In any prefabricated design, the parameters of the system during assembly may differ from the design values and change during operation. In order to predict the consequences of this, it is necessary to know the reaction of the system to these changes. At the same time, in many cases, it is almost impossible to assess experimentally the effect of parameters on the behavior of the system. Therefore, there is a need to study and analyze the effect of changes in parameters on the properties of the system analytically, that is, according to the known mathematical model of the system. Analytical study of the dynamics of such systems is a very difficult task, but determining the sensitivity functions for this type of compound experimentally is another much more complex technological task, so their characteristics should be obtained by different methods of identification. The main purpose of this work is to determine: the identified mathematical model of the system, to offer a methodology and algorithm for the diagnosis of parameters of multidimensional mechanical fluctuation systems using computer technology. Of course, the presented algorithm is most suitable for the diagnosis of parameters of multidimensional fluctuation systems, but of course, in this case, widespread use of modern computer technology is necessary. If in the system it is necessary to determine the degree of influence of various physical parameters on the vector of the state, then it is necessary to consider the matrix of relative sensitivity. Sensitivity matrices allow determining sensitive and invariant parameters to the state vector. This information answers the question of which parameters determine the vibrational characteristics of the object to the greatest extent. In addition, the determination of the sensitivity matrix can significantly simplify the dynamic model of the system, leaving only those parameters that most determine the vibrational state of the system. Keywords: construction, press-threaded connection, dynamic parameters, structural model, deformation, deviation, frequency and amplitude of oscillations, sensitivity of dynamic parameters, algorithm, sensitivity matrix, methodology.

Extension of the stability criterion for dissipative vector solitons of a laser coupled two-dimensional Ginzburg–Landau Equation generated from vector asymmetric inputs

Pulses propagating in inhomogeneous nonlinear media with linear/nonlinear gain and loss described by the vector (2+1)−dimensional cubic-quintic Ginzburg−−Landau equations (CQCGLEs) are considered. The evolution and the stability of the vector dissipative optical solitons generated from an elliptic input are studied. Based on the variational approach, we analyze the influence of various physical parameters on the dynamics of the propagating signal and its relevant parameters. Following a suitable choice of the test function, the stability analysis has been fulfilled by the analysis of the total energy. Numerical results have confirmed the analytical prediction of the collision on the stability of the vector dissipative solitons.

Analytical Method and Analysis of Cold-Joint Interface

The behaviour of the interface between two concrete layers, subjected to shear, is a complex process that is influenced by many different parameters. Knowledge of concrete interface performance is insufficient to this day. Most of the existing analytical methods are only suitable for determining the highest interface shear resistance and do not consider the interface behaviour at other stages. This article focuses on smooth concrete interfaces, which have their layers cast at different times (cold-joint interface). By analysing the results of different experimental push-off tests, presented in the literature, a novel analytical method was developed for the previously described concrete interface. Furthermore, numerical models of push-off tests were developed. A parametric numerical analysis was employed to determine the influence of various physical parameters that might affect interface shear behaviour. Most importantly, the results acquired using the proposed analytical method were compared with the findings of numerical analysis and experimental results acquired by other authors. The values of shear stress and slippage were found to be relatively close. Therefore, the proposed analytical method is suitable for the analysis of smooth concrete interfaces cast at different times.

Analytical Investigation of the Heat Transfer Effects of Non-Newtonian Hybrid Nanofluid in MHD Flow Past an Upright Plate Using the Caputo Fractional Order Derivative

The objective of this paper is to examine the augmentation of the heat transfer rate utilizing graphene (Gr) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as nanoparticles, and water as a host fluid in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow through an upright plate using Caputo fractional derivatives with a Brinkman model on the convective Casson hybrid nanofluid flow. The performance of hybrid nanofluids is examined with various shapes of nanoparticles. The Caputo fractional derivative is utilized to describe the governing fractional partial differential equations with initial and boundary conditions on the flow model. Exact solutions are obtained for flow transport, temperature distribution besides that heat transfer rate and friction drag in terms of Mittag-Leffler function by using Fourier sine and Laplace techniques as hybrid methods. Further, we provided the limiting case solutions for classic partial differential equations on obtained governing fluid flow models. The influence of various physical parameters with different fractional orders are investigated on hybrid nanofluid’s fractional momentum and energy by plotting velocity and energy curves. Few of the findings suggest that fractional parameters have significant effect on flow parameters and that blade-shaped nanoparticles have a high heat transfer rate. The graphical results reveal that the Grashof number shows a symmetry effect in the case of cooling and heating the plate. Furthermore, the performance of hybrid nanofluid is considerably more effective with the Caputo-fractional derivatives rather than in the classic derivative approach.

Advantages of holographic imaging through fog.

In this paper, we demonstrate digital holographic imaging through a 27-m-long fog tube filled with ultrasonically generated fog. Its high sensitivity makes holography a powerful technology for imaging through scattering media. With our large-scale experiments, we investigate the potential of holographic imaging for road traffic applications, where autonomous driving vehicles require reliable environmental perception in all weather conditions. We compare single-shot off-axis digital holography to conventional imaging (with coherent illumination) and show that holographic imaging requires 30 times less illumination power for the same imaging range. Our work includes signal-to-noise ratio considerations, a simulation model, and quantitative statements on the influence of various physical parameters on the imaging range.

Analysis of unsteady boundary layer flow of nanofluids with heat transfer over a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet via a shifted Chebyshev collocation method

In this article, the detailed study of unsteady boundary layer flow over a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet problem of a nanofluid is carried out. The appropriate similarity transformations are utilized to transform the governing equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients over an infinite domain. The numerical solution of these equations is achieved by using semi-numerical technique viz. Shifted Chebyshev Collocation Method (SCCM). The variations in velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles under the influence of various physical parameters are analysed and outcomes are expressed in terms of tables and graphs. The obtained results are compared with previous finding for validation along with error analysis. For particular range of stretching/shrinking parameters the dual solutions are exhibited. Also, the range increases with increment in mass suction and unsteadiness parameter, which results into enhancement of skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number. From the graphs it is anticipated that, both temperature and nanoparticle fraction profiles decrease with raise in the values of parameters viz. unsteadiness, suction/injection, Lewis number. Reverse nature of these profiles is observed with the enhancement in thermophoresis parameter. Whereas, temperature increases with increase of Brownian motion and reverse behavior is observed for nanoparticle fraction.

Magnetic Impact on the Unsteady Separated Stagnation-Point Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid with Viscous Dissipation and Joule Heating

The behaviour of magnetic impact on the unsteady separated stagnation-point flow of hybrid nanofluid with the influence of viscous dissipation and Joule heating is investigated numerically in this study. A new mathematical hybrid nanofluid model is developed, and similarity solutions are obtained in the form of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The bvp4c approach in MATLAB is used to determine the reduced ODEs’ estimated solutions. The influence of various physical parameters is scrutinised. The findings revealed that the skin friction coefficient increases with the increment of the nanoparticle volume fraction and the unsteadiness parameter. This observation is also applied to the heat transfer rate of the fluid. Additionally, the presence of the magnetic and acceleration parameter provides a significant result in the heat transfer performance. The addition of the Eckert number increased the temperature profile distribution, thereby spontaneously decreasing the heat transfer rate. The first solution is declared stable by the analysis of solution stability.

Thermal diffusion effect on unsteady MHD free convective flow past a semi-infinite exponentially accelerated vertical plate in a porous medium

The objective of the present work was to obtain an exact solution to the problem of a free convective, radiative, viscous, chemically reacting, heat-absorbing, incompressible, and unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow past an exponentially accelerated moving vertical plate embedded in a porous medium. The fluid was assumed to be optically thick and nongray. A magnetic field was applied in the transverse direction of the flow. Effects of arbitrary ramped temperature and thermal diffusion were also considered. The Rosseland approximation method was used to describe the radiative heat flux that appears in the energy equation. Analytical solutions of the nondimensional governing equations were obtained by adopting a closed form of the Laplace transformation technique. The influence of various physical parameters on flow and transport characteristics was analyzed with suitable graphs. From the investigation, it was observed that increasing the Soret number increased both the concentration and velocity fields. Increasing the radiation parameter caused an upsurge in the Nusselt number but reduced the Soret number.

Influence of metachronal ciliary wave motion on peristaltic flow of nanofluid model of synovitis problem

In this article, we have considered the effect of metachronal ciliary wave motion on the peristaltic flow of the Buongiorno nanofluid model for the synovitis problem. This study is additionally limited by the assumption of a low Reynolds number and lubrication theory approximations. An internal energy generation is also taken into account. Shear-thinning (model I) and shear-thickening (model II) for the concentration fluids are considered. The obtained dimensionless rheological equation is solved by using the homotopy perturbation Sumudu transformation method. The influence of various physical parameters on the dimensionless velocity, pressure rise, temperature, volume fraction, multi-sinusoidal waves, triangular waves, and streamlines has been analyzed. A trapping phenomenon is thoroughly examined. It is observed from the investigation that the shear-thinning (model I) and shear-thickening (model II) have completely distinct characteristics. The synovial fluid parameter shows opposite behavior on velocity and pressure rise profiles for models I and II, whereas the multi-sinusoidal wave and triangular wave forms retain the same shape of the waves as in the pressure gradient. These models can be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis as synovial fluids are present in joints. Fluid transfer in biological organs is improved by metachronal ciliary motion. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis can be treated with nanoparticles and ciliary motion. It is primarily due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and controlled release as well as their capacity to boost bioavailability and bioactivity of treatments and enable targeting the injured joints through the use of nanoparticles. In the limited scenario, the current work is in good accord with the earlier research, and it is analyzed through a graph.

Electroosmotic flow for Eyring fluid with Navier slip boundary condition under high zeta potential in a parallel microchannel

Abstract The electroosmotic flow of non-Newtonian fluid–Eyring fluid in microparallel pipes under high zeta potential driven by the combination of pressure and electric force is studied. Without using the Debye–Hückel (DH) linear approximation, the numerical solutions of the fluid potential distribution and velocity distribution obtained using the finite difference method are compared with the analytical approximate solutions obtained using the DH linear approximation. The results show that the numerical method in this article is effectively reliable. In addition, the influence of various physical parameters on the electroosmotic flow is discussed in detail, and it is obtained that the velocity distribution of the Eyring fluid increases with the increase in the electric potential under the high zeta potential.

Electroviscous Effect of Water-Base Nanofluid Flow between Two Parallel Disks with Suction/Injection Effect

This article, investigates the behaviour of an ionized nanoliquid motion regarding heat transmission between two parallel discs. In the proposed model, the squeezing flow of Cu-water nanofluid with electrical potential force is analysed for studying the flow properties and an uniform magnetic field is applied to that fluid, by taking the surface of the bottom disc porous. We have also studied the effects of different nanomaterials on the transmission of heat through nanofluids. Furthermore, the influence of various physical parameters in the proposed model of nanofluids flow like volume fraction of nanomaterials, squeezing number, Hartmann number, Eckert number, and Prandtl number are analysed and discussed quantitatively through various tables and graphs. The system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE’s) has been used to formulate the proposed flow model and later converted to a set of nonlinear ODE’s by mean similarity transformation. Further, the reduced form of ODEs has been solved by Parametric Continuation Method (PCM), which is a stable numerical scheme. The outcomes obtained from the proposed model could also be used to analyse nanofluid flow in several fields, such as polymer processing, power transfer and hydraulic lifts.

Hall and Rotation Effects on Radiating and Reacting MHD Flow past an Accelerated Permeable Plate with Soret and Dufour Effects

This article investigates numerically the effects of Hall current and rotation effects on radiating and chemically reacting unsteady MHD natural convection flow past an accelerated infinite vertical permeable plate in the presence of Soret and Dufour effects. The dimensionless coupled non-linear governing partial differential equations of the problem are solved numerically by employing finite element method. The influence of various physical parameters influencing the flow on the primary velocity, secondary velocity, temperature and the species concentration are displayed graphically whilst the numerical results of the primary skin friction, secondary skin-friction, Nusselt number and the Sherwood number are presented in tabular form. Results reveals that magnetic parameter, radiation parameter and chemical reaction rate tends to depreciate both primary and secondary velocity components whilst Hall, Soret and Dufour effects have reverse trend. Rotation parameter tends to retard fluid flow in the primary flow direction and accelerate fluid flow in the secondary flow direction. Thermal boundary layer thickness decreases with increasing radiation parameter whilst the reverse trend is noticed with increasing Dufour effect. Thermal diffusion effect causes to improve concentration boundary layer thickness whilst chemical reaction rate has reverse impact. These parameters have similar effect on the primary and secondary skin-frictions whilst opposite effect was noticed on the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. This model problem finds an important in engineering and industrial application such as MHD generators, food processing, heat exchangers devices and internal rotation rate of the sun.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 The problem investigate the effects of Hall current and rotation effects on radiating and reacting on unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) natural convection heat and mass transfer flow over an infinite vertical porous plate embedded in a uniform porous medium taking Soret and Dufour effects into account
 The resulting partial differential equations governing the fluid flow are solved numerically using the finite element method. In order to determine the effects of various pertinent parameters and to investigate the important flow features, the numerical calculations for fluid velocity, temperature and species concentration are computed and shown graphically whereas skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number at the plate are evaluated and depicted in tabular form
 The model problem finds an important in engineering and industrial application
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT