Influence Of Titanium Dioxide Research Articles

The Influence of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Particle Size and Crystalline Form on the Microstructure and UV Protection Factor of Polyester Substrates.

The inclusion of particles in a polymeric substrate to achieve certain properties is a well-known practice. In the case of textile substrates, this practice may deeply affect the structure of the produced yarns, as even a filament with no textile applications can be obtained. In this manuscript, titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles were incorporated into polyester (PET) chips and the influence of these fillers on the properties of yarn and fabric, and the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) was assessed. For this purpose, rutile and anatase crystalline forms of TiO2, as well as the size of the particles, were evaluated. Moreover, parameters such as mechanical properties, orientation of the macromolecules and thermal behavior were analyzed to ensure that the textile grade is maintained throughout the production process. The results showed that the inclusion of micro- and nanoparticles of TiO2 decreases the molecular weight and tenacity of PET. Also, although orientation and crystallinity varied during the textile process, the resulting heatset fabrics did not present important differences in those parameters. Finally, the attainment of textile-grade PET-TiO2 fabrics with UPF indexes of 50+ with both rutile and anatase and micro- and nano-sized TiO2 forms was demonstrated.

A Review on Influence of Titanium Dioxide, Molybdenum Disulfide and Glass Fibers on Polytetrafluoroethylene (Ptfe) for Wear Resistance

This study investigates the tribological performance of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites reinforced with a synergistic combination of titanium dioxide (TiO2), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and glass fibers. The fabrication process involves blending the materials in an electric blender, followed by the addition of chopped glass fibers. The resulting mixture is molded, cold pressed, and sintered to create PTFE composites with varying compositions. The tribological tests are conducted under fixed conditions, including constant velocities of 1 m/s, 2 m/s, and 3 m/s, with load increments until specimen failure. The experiments are carried out using a hydraulic motor to apply loads rapidly, and various parameters such as normal load, speed, temperature, and friction torque are recorded. The study aims to understand the influence of each ingredient on the tribological behavior of the composite, with a focus on wear rates, specific wear energy, and specific wear rate calculations. The results contribute valuable insights into optimizing PTFE composites for enhanced friction and wear resistance, particularly in applications requiring superior tribological properties.

Influence of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles on Durability Properties of Lightweight Foamed Concrete

The worldwide construction industry has realized the need for lightweight building materials that are flexible, high-performance, and ecologically benign. Considering the need, it has been found that lightweight foamed concrete (LFC), a new revolutionary material, can be used to lower the overall weight of conventional concrete. In concrete, nanoparticles are used due to their beneficial effects, such as their tiny size of particles and high reactivity to improve concrete’s strength. Furthermore, LFC is quite porous due to which it becomes less effective. The LFC matrix can be made effective by including many nanoparticles to improve its strength. In the current body of information, the impact of nano titanium dioxide in LFC has not yet been studied. As a result, there is considerable confusion regarding the method by which the nano TiO2 might influence the LFC's durability properties. Therefore, the application of nano TiO2 in the LFC matrix is the main emphasis of this work. The goal was to determine how various nano TiO2 weight fractions (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) affect the durability characteristics of LFC, including setting time, drying shrinkage, porosity, and water absorption. The findings suggested that excellent water absorption, porosity, and drying shrinkage of LFC are made possible by the presence of a 3% weight fraction of nano TiO2 in LFC. The microstructural of LFC is changed by the addition of nano TiO2.

Influence of nanoparticle additives on vibration characteristics in fluid film lubricated journal bearing using real time analysis

The rotating machineries in the power plant undergo through the vibrations during the working and create the severe effects such as whirl instability. In this work, vibration phenomenon is taken into consideration in the plain journal bearing used in the steam power plant. Three grades of Mobil lubricants (DTE 24, DTE 25, and DTE 26) are considered during the study. TiO2 nanoparticle additives are considered during the study as a lubricant additive to examine the vibration induced in the journal bearings. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2, 0.5 wt%) of size 40 nm are considered as a lubricant additive to enhance the properties of the lubricants. An experimental approach is presented in this work by opting Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analyzer. The signals captured by FFT analyzer are then processed on data acquisition software. Comparative analysis is carried out for three different lubricants with and without adding titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle additives to examine the vibration characteristics of journal bearings. Vibration characteristics such as accelerometer and acoustic pressure in the bearing are measured at speeds ranging from 500 rpm. to 1000 rpm at constant load of 1000 N on the hydrodynamic journal bearing. The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of titanium dioxide as an additive on the vibration characteristics of the journal bearing such as variation in vibration and noise generated in the hydrodynamic journal bearing.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ФОТОКАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИХ БЕТОНОВ В ДОРОЖНОМ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ

The article discusses the possibility of reducing the atmospheric environmental load of highways by applying compositions with photocatalytic properties to acoustic screens. It is found that the amount of nitrogen oxides on the territory of the city of Moscow exceeds the MPC norms. Therefore, a potential way to reduce the level of the average daily and maximum one-time MPC of nitrogen oxides is proposed, when using coatings of traditional acoustic screens with photocatalytic compositions. Titanium dioxide in anatase form is considered as a photocatalytic agent. To reduce the density and increase the porosity of cement compositions, a cellulosic suspension obtained by saturation in an aqueous medium with subsequent homogenization is introduced. The effect of cellulose in the considered cement systems in combination with a photocatalytic agent has been investigated. By the method of mathematical planning, a two-factor compositional experiment is compiled. In result, the degrees of influence of titanium dioxide and cellulose additives on the strength, density and water absorption of the composites under study are established. The study of the structure of the obtained composites shows that TiO2 is mainly located on the surface of cellulose fibers, which theoretically increases the useful surface for photocatalytic reactions and, as a consequence, the final efficiency of the compositions.

Dielectric constant, polarizability, susceptibility and gamma ray shielding behavior of the Li2O-Li2MoO4-TiO2-P2O5 glasses

Research has been done on the effect of TiO2 on the physical and optical characteristics of Li2O-Li2MoO4-TiO2-P2O5 glasses. With an increase in concentration of TiO2, the density values drop from 3.68 g/cm3 to 3.27 g/cm3. With the inclusion of TiO2, the current glasses have smaller mean distance between Ti ions and polaron radius. Increasing non-bridging oxygens raise the refractive index, dielectric constant (ε) and optical dielectric constant. Reflection loss and transmission coefficient are found to inversely proportional. The molar refractivity increases from 24.242 to 27.817 (cm3 mol−1) which in turn increases the molar polarizability and electronic polarizability of the system from 9.616 to 11.033 (x 10−24 cm3) and 0.957 – 1.051 (x 1024). The metallization value less than unity predicts non-metallic nature of glasses. The other parameters such as optical electronegativity (χ∗), non-linear refractive index (n2) and non-linear optical susceptibility (χ3) values decrease from 0.569 to 0.363, 11.860 − 4.367 × 10−15 (esu) and 8.454 – 3.581 × 10−16 with addition of TiO2. Additionally, the shielding aspects were also explored, as well as the influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) on attenuation factors were discussed. The linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) are at their highest values at the low energy and rapidly diminish. The effective atomic number (Zeff) decreases with the energy except at 1.333 and 2.51 MeV, where the Zeff at these two energies increases due to the pair production process. The Ti3 sample has a Zeff of 11.04 at 0.28 MeV, 10.22 at 0.83 MeV and 10.34 at 2.51 MeV.

The Influence of Titanium Dioxide on Silicate-Based Glasses: An Evaluation of the Mechanical and Radiation Shielding Properties.

The mechanical and radiation shielding features were reported for a quaternary Na2O-CaO-SiO2-TiO2 glass system used in radiation protection. The fundamentals of the Makishima–Mazinize model were applied to evaluate the elastic moduli of the glass samples. The elastic moduli, dissociation energy, and packing density increased as TiO2 increased. The glasses’ dissociation energy increased from 62.82 to 65.33 kJ/cm3, while the packing factor slightly increased between 12.97 and 13.00 as the TiO2 content increased. The MCNP-5 code was used to evaluate the gamma-ray shielding properties. The best linear attenuation coefficient was achieved for glass samples with a TiO2 content of 9 mol%: the coefficient decreased from 5.20 to 0.14 cm−1 as the photon energy increased from 0.015 to 15 MeV.

Effect of titanium dioxide properties and support material on photocatalytic oxidation of indoor air pollutants

Indoor air purification through photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) has been demonstrated to be an effective technique; nevertheless, further research is needed to address some of the existing shortcomings of PCO systems. In the present study, the influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) features and the type of support material on the performance of PCO air purifiers are investigated. TiO2 photocatalysts are prepared via hydrothermal route followed by a calcination step (300–800 °C). Calcination temperature offers a good control over the characteristics of titania, in particular crystallinity and surface area, enabling fabrication of TiO2 with the most desirable set of properties. Two support materials with distinct adsorption properties, namely nickel foam filter (NFF) and activated carbon fiber (ACF) are examined for deposition of TiO2. The developed photocatalytic filters are evaluated by the removal efficiency of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and the amount of generated by-products. The photocatalyst calcined at 300 °C exhibited the highest activity, which was roughly 1.6 times higher than that of commercial P25. This can be attributed to the fact that at 300 °C the best trade-off between degree of crystallinity, crystal phase/size, surface area, and surface hydroxyl groups population was reached. The steady-state MEK removal efficiency and amount of by-products were 62.2% and 180 ppb for TiO2/ACF and 36.3% and 217.5 ppb for TiO2/NFF, respectively. This synergistic effect of TiO2/ACF and the concept of in-situ regeneration of ACF are also discussed.

Investigations on mechanical behavior of hot rolled Al7075/TiO2/Gr hybrid composites

In the present work, influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphite (Gr) hybrid reinforcement on microstructure and mechanical behavior of Al7075 alloy is studied. Al7075 and its hybrid composite samples were fabricated by using stir-casting and hot rolling technique. Hot rolling was carried out at a temperature of 450 °C with a reduction-ratio of 90%. Microstructure examination showed a good dispersion of titanium dioxide and graphite reinforcement particles with excellent bond with Al7075 matrix alloy. In case of hot rolling, both the reinforcements were found to be aligned in the direction of rolling. The microhardness and tensile strength of hybrid composites were remarkably improved in case of hot rolling compared to that of cast composites.

Correlation between barrier potential and charge trapping under the influence of Titanium Di oxide nanomaterials in organic devices

This work has been done to study the barrier potential and charge trapping effect of two organic devices which comprises Phenosafranin and Crystal Violet dye respectively and to estimate the influence of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials in particle form on these two parameters. This paper also shows the correlation between the charge trapping and barrier potential for both of these devices. Spin coating techniques are used to prepare these two devices. To estimate the barrier potential, the current-voltage characteristics of these devices have been analyzed. Barrier potential of both these devices comprising of Phenosafranin and Crystal Violet dyes shows decrease in value from 0.81 ​eV to 0.44 ​eV and 0.80 ​eV to 0.43 ​eV respectively under the influence of Titanium Dioxide nanomaterials. Norde method has been employed to check the consistency of these values of barrier potential which also shows the decrease in value for both these devices from 0.83 ​eV to 0.47 ​eV and 0.83 ​eV to 0.45 ​eV respectively due to the incorporation of nanomaterials. Presence of traps affects the barrier potential resulting in lowering of flow of charge. By using G (V) – V plot, it has been shown that the presence of Titanium Dioxide nanomaterials improve the trap-filling process which in turn reduces barrier potential at the interface of metal – organic dye for both these devices. Improvement of charge injection process occurs at the interface of metal – organic layer due to reductions of charge trapping effect and barrier potential.

Reduced Graphene Oxide Decorated Tio2 for Improving Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)

Background: In this comprehensive study, the influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) dopants decorated on Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) via spin coating technique as an efficient photoelectrode in DSSCs was investigated in detail. Objective: This study aims to determine the optimum spinning duration for decorating TiO2 onto rGO nanosheet photoanode for high DSSCs performance. Methods: The rGO nanosheet was prepared using the electrodeposition method. A dropped of 0.2 wt% of TiO2 solution was absorbed using micro-pipette (0.1 μl) and continuously applied on FTOrGO surface with the rate of 0.1 μl/5s. The spinning duration was varied from 10 to 50 s, and resultant samples were labelled as Lt, where t= 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50s, respectively. Results: The experimental results showed that TiO2 decorated rGO nanosheet photoanode for 30s spinning duration exhibited a maximum power conversion efficiency of 9.98% than that of pure rGO nanosheet photoanode (4.74%) under 150 W of xenon irradiation, which is about 2.1 times improvement in DSSCs performance. Conclusion: Ti4+ ion was decorated onto rGO nanosheet leading to the highest interactions with the O-H functional group or Ti4+ could react with the epoxide or phenolic groups in rGO forming the Ti- O-C bonds.

Study of thermomechanical and antibacterial properties of TiO2/Poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites

This study deals with the influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles’ incorporation via extrusion melt blending on various characteristics and properties of a low crystallinity poly(L-lactic acid) matrix. DSC and XRD analyses revealed that at 5 and 10 wt%, titania impeded the formation of crystalline domains. At 20 wt% titania, a small amount of crystallinity was developed. Improvement of the thermal stability and stiffness of the polymer was confirmed by TGA and tensile testing experiments. The investigation of antibacterial activity showed that the 20/80 w/w TiO2/PLLA nanocomposite presented the highest bactericidal efficiency in a UV-light and dark environment.

Bandwidth improvement of microwave photonic components based on electro-optic polymers loaded with TiO2 nanoparticles

Electro-optic (EO) polymers offer a very attractive possibility of realizing low-cost microwave photonic components with a wide bandwidth and a low driving voltage, thanks to a low dispersion from microwave to optical frequency of polymeric materials on the one hand, and the progress in the synthesis of high hyperpolarizability chromophores on the other hand. This paper studies the influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle loading on the microwave and optical properties of EO polymers. Thus, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and disperse red 1 (DR1) are used as host polymer and guest EO chromophore, respectively. With 1–3% TiO2 nanoparticle homogeneously incorporated in the polymer, the dielectric constant varies from 2.73 to 3.40 over the 400 MHz–10 GHz range, and the refractive index increases from 1.483 to 1.488 at the wavelength of 1539.6 nm. It is shown that fine tuning of dielectric constant and refractive index could allow improvement of the microwave photonic component bandwidth. For example, with an EO interaction length L = 2 cm (typical length of EO modulators), the ultimate modulator bandwidth could be raised to 258 GHz by loading PMMA–DR1 EO polymer with 1% wt of TiO2 nanoparticles. It is also found that loading polymer with nanoparticles could improve the EO response of poled polymers, represented by the intensity of the second-harmonic-generation (SHG) signal. The latter presents more than a threefold increase by loading PMMA–DR1 EO polymer with 2% wt TiO2 nanoparticles.

Influence of titanium dioxide on the thermal insulation of waterborne intumescent fire protective paints to structural steel

Abstract Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is an inevitable ingredient that influences the properties and performance of intumescent paints. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of TiO 2 on the thermal insulation of waterborne intumescent paints. Five intumescent formulae with different weight ratios of TiO 2 to ammonium polyphosphate (APP), including paint without TiO 2 as a control sample was prepared. Thermal properties and thermal insulation performance of intumescent paints were measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and customized programmable furnace, respectively. The composition of char was analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Results showed that ratio of both ingredients (TiO 2 :APP) play a critical role on the performance of intumescent paints. It is suggested that ratio of slightly excess stoichiometric atomic ratio of titanium to phosphorus (Ti:P) exhibits better thermal insulation of intumescent paints.

Influence of TiO2 nanoparticles on nonisothermal crystallization of PP in a wide range of cooling rates analyzed by fast scanning DSC

ABSTRACTThe influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the crystallization behavior of polypropylene was investigated by conventional differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fast scanning DSC measurements. The data obtained from both methods were estimated for the first time using the Lauritzen‐Hoffmann equation to analyze the behavior over a wide cooling range under nonisothermal conditions. This provides more reliable values of nucleation parameters (Kg) and surface free energy (σe). The variation of the effective energy (ΔE) was determined with the Kissinger method. Regardless of the cooling rate, both Kg and σe indicate the role of titania as a nucleating agent enhances the crystallization rate. However, the ΔE denotes that TiO2 acts as an obstacle to the mobility of chain segments at cooling rates below 150 °C/s, while, in contrast, the presence of titania enhances the chain mobility at cooling rates above 150 °C/s. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43944.

SOL-ENHANCED Au–Ni–TiO2 ELECTROPLATED COATINGS

A sol-enhanced gold ( Au ) — nickel ( Ni ) — titanium dioxide ( TiO 2) composite coating technique has been developed at the University of Auckland. The aim of the present study is to achieve quality control and thickness homogeneity of the coatings in order to scale up this process to the workshop level. Multi-coating samples were prepared in the same electroplating unit with same processing parameters. The thickness variation and influence of titanium dioxide ( TiO 2) sol content on the thickness have been studied. The consumption of Au and Ti ions in the electrolytes during the electroplating process was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) method. The cross-section microstructures of coatings were studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) system. An optimized processing method has been put forward for the industry process to produce coatings with uniform thickness and good quality.

The influence of titanium dioxide on the tribological characteristics of a Fe-based friction composite material

New Fe-Cu-graphite-Ni-TiO2 (2 to 8 wt% TiO2) composite materials are studied for friction applications. The tribological characteristics of these materials were monitored by a pin-on-disc method against a cast iron plate. An increase of the friction coefficient when the titanium dioxide content was increased up to 6 wt% was noticed. Instead, adding 8 wt% of titanium dioxide determined the decrease of friction coefficient. A gradual decrease of the wear rate was marked out when titanium dioxide content was increased. The best behavior determined by the optimal ratio friction coefficient/wear rate was the Fe-Cu-graphite-Ni-TiO2 composite containing 6 wt% titanium dioxide.

Polythiophene thin films electrochemically deposited on sol–gel based TiO 2 for photovoltaic applications

In this work, the influence of titanium dioxide (TiO 2) thin films on the efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices based on electrochemically synthesized polythiophene (PT) was investigated. TiO 2 films were produced by sol–gel methods with controlled thickness. The best TiO 2 annealing condition was determined through the investigation of the temperature influence on the electron charge mobility and resistivity in a range between 723 K and 923 K. The PT films were produced by chronoamperometric method in a 3-electrode cell under a controlled atmosphere. High quality PT films were produced onto 40 nm thick TiO 2 layer previously deposited onto fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. The morphology of PT films grown on both substrates and its strong influence on the device performance and PT minimum thickness were also investigated. The maximum external quantum efficiency ( IPCE) reached was 9% under monochromatic irradiation ( λ = 610 nm; 1 W/m 2) that is three orders of magnitude higher than that presented by PT-homolayer devices with similar PT thickness. In addition, the open-circuit voltage ( V oc) was about 700 mV and the short-circuit current density ( J sc) was 0.03 A/m 2 ( λ = 610 nm; 7 W/m 2). However, as for the PT-homolayer also the TiO 2/PT based devices are characterized by antibatic response when illuminated through FTO. Finally, the Fill Factor ( FF) of these devices is low (25%), indicating that the series resistance ( R s), which is strongly dependent of the PT thickness, is too large. This large R s value is compensated by TiO 2/PT interface morphology and by FTO/TiO 2 and TiO 2/PT interface phenomena producing preferential paths in which the internal electrical field is higher, improving the device efficiency.

Simultaneous multi-element analysis of total As, Se and Sb on titanium dioxide by slurry sampling—graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

A simple and rapid method for simultaneous determination of As, Se and Sb was studied by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). Titanium dioxide adsorbing As, Se and Sb was separated from sample solution (100 ml) with a membrane filtration (0.45 μm), and then prepared to be slurry (5.0 ml) by adding ultrapure water. The behavior and influence of titanium dioxide on determination of As, Se and Sb were investigated in this experiment. The optimal conditions of a furnace for these elements were chosen as follows: pyrolysis temperature was 150 °C, and atomization temperature was 2300 °C. The optimal conditions of adsorption for As, Se and Sb on titanium dioxide were listed: pH 2.0 in sample solution; 10 min of stirring time; and 20.0 mg titanium dioxide. The difference of the chemical valence of each element had no effect on the recovery of each element at the same optimal conditions. Limits of detection (3 σ) for As, Se and Sb were found to be 0.21 μg l −1, 0.15 μg l −1 and 0.15 μg l −1, respectively, with enrichment rate of 20, when 20 μl of slurry was injected into a Zr-coating tube. The proposed method was applied to tap water and river water.

Rapid assessment of TiO2 pigment durability via the acid solubility test

The influence of titanium dioxide on the durability of paint resin (often referred to as “TiO2 durability”) is of importance in many exterior coatings applications. Not only is it essential that a given grade of TiO2 exhibit good durability, it is also important that it exhibit this durability consistently, since the economic consequences of even an occasional bad lot of TiO2 can be enormous to a coatings manufacturer. To address this important issue, a rapid, highly predictive release test for certain classes of superdurable TiO2 pigments has been developed to ensure good product consistency.