Influence Of Temperature Regimes Research Articles

Influence of temperature regimes on drought stress tolerance of cowpea genotypes in Northern Guinea savannah, Nigeria

Drought is a major constraint that affects cowpea production in Zaria, Nigeria. It is unpredictable, and occurs at any growth stage of cowpea. Changes in global climatic trendsare consistently narrowing the cowpea growing season in Northern Nigeria by graduallypushing its cultivation towards drought-prone, colder temperatures. The study aimed to elucidate foresight data on the tolerance of cowpea landraces to drought at cold and hottemperatures in a bid to harness available germplasm towards mitigating climatic changes.Seedling drought tolerance of four hundred and twenty-two (422) cowpea genotypes obtainedfrom farmers’ collection (308) and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) (114) was evaluated by adopting the wooden box method. The parameters evaluated were number of plants, plant height, number of trifoliate, leaf senescence, stem greenness, and recovery. The mean square values for all evaluated traits were significant (p ≤ 0.05). Leaf senescence progressed rapidly in cooler temperatures (6 oC - 18 oC). Interestingly, the recovery rate upon reintroduction of water after drought stress was higher in cold temperatures. The percentage recovery and stem greenness of drought-tolerant plants were positively associated with hot temperatures (22 oC - 36 oC). As cowpea production is pushed into colder planting season, the resilience shown by cowpea landraces in northern Nigeria are positive.

Optimization of the Extrusion Process in the Production of Compound Feeds for Dairy Cows

The paper proposes a way of enriching the composition of mixed fodder by combining two promising technologies with known effects: inclusion of germinated grain in the composition and extrusion. Crude and digestible protein, fiber, fat, and mineral elements Ca, K, Na, and P were studied. Inclusion of sprouted grain into mixed fodder and subsequent extrusion contribute to improvements in taste qualities, increased edibility, and assimilation of mixed fodder, as well as nutritive value. Taking into account the obtained knowledge about the influence of temperature regime and content of germinated triticale grain in mixed fodder production, it is advisable to continue research to adapt the technology and develop formulations for different types of animals and farm birds. The purpose of the study was to optimize the process of extrusion of sprouted triticale grain in order to reduce energy consumption and obtain high-quality extrudates. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to analyze the regime factors affecting the fat content based on the optimization of technological modes of extrusion. To optimize the technology of extrusion of triticale grain of the Kozha variety, the fat content was chosen as the target function. Optimization of the technology of extrusion of triticale grain of the Kozha variety was carried out by the method of nonlinear programming. The following optimal technological modes of grain extrusion were obtained: The content of sprouted triticale grain is 15%, and the extrusion temperature is 140°C. With these optimal grain processing modes, the target function was 1.12%. The practical significance of the technology of the production of compound feeds with the use of extrusion in order to improve the quality and increase the shelf life. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-05-08 Full Text: PDF

Influence of temperature regime on climate change in Kapshagai reservoir

Solar radiation, along with other important meteorological elements, characterizes the comfort of the environment for recreational activities in a particular area with data on air temperature, humidity and precipitation. Each of these meteorological parameters reflects to some extent the recreational potential of the earth. However, the comfort of the region is evaluated primarily by the air temperature. In this regard, the article considers the influence of the Kapchagai reservoir and its adjacent stations on the climate by statistical analysis of the temperature regime from 1950 to 2012. The study examined changes in air temperature before the construction of the Kapchagai reservoir and after its opening, as well as the nature of their impact on the climate. According to meteorological observations, in a sharply continental climate, reservoirs lead to a warming of the winter period, which increases the duration of the warm period by 1-2 weeks within a radius of 1-50 km, depending on the size of the reservoir, despite a decrease in air temperature in summer.

Bread Wheat Varieties Germination Under Influence of temperature Regimes under lab conditions

To study the temperature effect on germination of common bread wheat varieties, an experiment has been carried out at the college of agricultural engineering sciences, the department of biotechnology and crop science, during the seasons 2018-2019. A factorial experiment was conducted based on a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors and three replications, and each replication contented 10 seeds. Factor A included four temperature levels (5, 15, 25°C, and room temperature (20-23°C) ), and factor B, included five bread wheat varieties including (Adana, Maaroof, Alla, Shaho-2, Azmar-2). The results found out that the effect of bread wheat varieties highly significant effect on the root length, shoot length, germination percentage, seedling vigor index, and vigor index. The highest value for shoot length and seedling vigor index was recorded by Maroof variety. Effect of low temperature was highly significant different for roots and shoot characters, also for vigor index and seedling vigor index, the best temperature for most of these traits was 25 °C. The effect of the interaction between temperature regimes and varieties was highly significant difference for the root and shoot length characters which were Azmar-2 at 15 °C and Adana at 25°C, while germination percentage and seedling vigor index showed high significance difference in this interaction and the highest rate for seedling vigor index was recorded by Maroof variety at 15 °C, germination percentage recorded %100 for most interactions characters.

Influence of temperature regime and epizootic shell disease on ecdysterone concentrations in American lobster from the Gulf of Maine

The American lobster, Homarus americanus H. Milne-Edwards, 1837, supports the most economically important shellfish fishery worldwide, with the state of Maine contributing the majority of US landings. Incidence of epizootic shell disease (ESD) is increasing along the Maine coast, highlighting the need to increase our understanding of factors affecting its etiology. Molting lessens the severity or eliminates the disease, and lobsters in the wild with shell disease have been shown to have increased concentrations of hemolymph ecdysteroids, key steroid hormone regulators of molting. Here, we examine the effects of cold, moderate, and warm temperature regimes mimicking annual temperature cycles from regions along the New England coast on hemolymph ecdysterone (20E) concentrations. At baseline sampling from lobsters collected in the field, it was determined that 20E was significantly elevated in lobsters with severe shell disease, but not in those with low to moderate levels of the disease. Hemolymph 20E concentrations correlated with relative molt stage, and were significantly higher in summer than winter for all temperature regime treatments. Lobsters with shell disease were more likely to molt, and more likely to die, than lobsters with no signs of the disease, regardless of temperature treatment. In the winter sampling period, 20E was highest in lobsters from the warm temperature regime, but not in summer. Therefore, these data suggest that temperature regime does impact hemolymph 20E concentrations in both diseased and non–shell diseased lobsters, and is consistent with the hypothesis that elevated 20E may be a mechanism to mitigate the effects of shell disease.

Influence of Temperature Regime on Nickel Kinetics in Two Alluvial Soils from Arid Region

Influence of Temperature Regime on Nickel Kinetics in Two Alluvial Soils from Arid Region

Влияние температурного режима на эмбриогенез у карповых рыб

Влияние температурного режима на эмбриогенез у карповых рыб

Influence of temperature regimes on stress-strain state of design details

Details of turbomachines come in direct contact with gases, which are at the peak of their temperature. There is a heterogeneous temperature distribution across the detail as a result of changes in temperature and external influences. As is known, the temperature stresses in materials are due to temperature gradients and boundary conditions. However, when designing and determining the bearing capacity of turbomachinery structural elements, other factors, including the heating regime, must be taken into account. The greatest temperature stresses develop during the cycles of heating and cooling. At the same time, the greatest values of temperature gradients and stresses arise in a fairly short period of time, which in turn can cause a temperature fatigue of the material. In addition, high temperatures contribute to the development of creep deformations, which reduce the length of the life cycle of the detail. One of the factors that determines the occurrence of thermal stresses is the nature of the temperature change during the start-up process, which is determined by the start-up curve of the turbine or machine. Start-up curve is the dependence between rotor speed or gas temperature and time. It is especially important for such parts as turbine blades and roots of the blades. Considering that turbomachinery parts must withstand a significant number of start-up cycles, both temperature and mechanical analysis is required. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of the nature of the change of external temperature (start-up curves) on the change in the parameters of the stress-strain state of the fir-tree root of the gas turbine blade under thermoelastoplastic deformation, taking into account the nonhomogenous temperature distribution. The effect of heating regimes on the development of temperature stresses is considered in the paper. The initial relations of the problem of transient thermal conductivity and the problem of thermoelastoplasticity are given. An analysis of the effect of the selection of the start-up curve on the approximated geometry of fir-tree root of the blade was carried out.

Method for increasing the efficiency of in vitro experimental androgenesis induction in sugar beet

Purpose and objectives. To develop a method for increasing the efficiency of in vitro experimental androgenesis induction in sugar beet.Material and methods. The study was conducted in 2014–2017. The breeding material of Bila Tserkva Experimental Breeding Station, sugar beet tetraploid pollinators and diploid seed bearers (breeding genotypes BC 45 K1 - K15, 1475 K1-25) were taken as the test material. Biotechnological, breeding, physiological and statistical methods were used.Results and discussion. The influence of temperature regime and composition of nutrient media used for pre-treatment of explants, stalks with buds, was investigated. Sugar beet tetraploid pollinators and diploid seed bearers grown in the field and under the laboratory conditions were used in the study. The explants were cultured in vitro at various temperature – from 4–10 to 20–25ºС on modified agarized nutrient media. The best results were obtained, when explants were cultured on Murashigе–Skооg medium containing ½ doses of macronutrients and full doses of micronutrients supplemented with Gamborg’s vitamin solution, ascorbic acid (1 mg/L), amino acids (glutamine –250 mg/L, asparagine – 30.0 mg/L, tyrosine – 5 mg/L, arginine – 3 mg/L, hydroxyproline – 2 mg/L), and growth regulators (2,4–D – 2.0 mg/L, 6–BAP – 0.6 mg/L and ABA – 0.3 mg/L) in a refrigerator at 4–10 ºС, with 16-hour illumination of 1.0–2.0 kilolux for 7–30 days. Such conditions increased the numbers of calluses from anthers from 1.8–2.1% to 4.9–5.1%, of embryoids from 0.9–1.2% to 6.1–6.3%.Conclusions. The method for increasing the efficiency of in vitro experimental androgenesis induction in sugar beet, which includes low-temperature pre-treatment of explants - stalks with buds on Murashige-Skoog modified medium supplemented with vitamins, amino acids and growth regulators, in particular, ABA (0.3 mg/L), was developed. Application of the method allows over twice increase in the calluse number and 5–6 time increase in the number of embryoids obtained from sugar beet anthers in vitro, which will ensure the production of haploid regenerants for breeding programs to create homozygous lines.

INTEGRAL QUALITY OF FRESH TOMATO IN STORAGE CONDITIONS

Preservation of the quality of fresh products for companies engaged in the implementation of fresh fruit and vegetable products is an important task in managing supply chains in both transport and warehouse logistics. This work presents an estimate of the loss of quality of fresh tomato under the influence of various temperature regimes using an integral quality parameter. Integral quality parameter index consists of deviations of biochemical parameters (vitamin C, acidity, glucose and the sum of sugars) at the recommended storage temperature (plus 8°C) from the values of these the same indicators at temperatures different from it; the frequency of the participation of the indicators in the correlation dependences between the indices and the highest degree of correlation, estimated from the value of the Pearson coefficient. Using the QFD methodology, the relationship of consumer requirements with technical requirements for the quality of fresh tomato has been determined, and the parameters that have the greatest impact on quality have been established. Approbation of the parameter “integral quality” was carried out on the basis of the data of the experiment conducted in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture (Krasnodar), on the influence of temperature regimes on the quality of tomato “Torbash” in the process of storage. The proposed model of quality forecasting can be recommended to companies selling fresh tomatoes, carrying out logistic activities in the supply chains of this vegetable production, and can also serve as a basis for assessing the quality of other fruit and vegetable products.

Influence of temperature regimes of ripening and fermentation stages on the physical and chemical properties of cream and sour-cream butter quality indicators

Physical and chemical properties of cream multistep modes of ripening and fermentations are investigation and their role in the production of sour-cream butter is studied. The process of ripening of cream was carried out multistep, regimes were selected depending on seasonal changes in the composition of milk fat. For raw materials of the autumn-winter period, for the values of iodine number 29.1–34.5, the first stage of ripening was carried out at a temperature of 8°C for 2 hours, the second stage – at 21°C for 7 hours, the third stage – at 13°C for 10 hours. For raw of spring-summer period, for the values of iodine number 34.5–40.1, the first stage of ripening was carried out at 21°C for 6 hours, the second stage – at 13°C for 4 hours, the third stage – at 8°C for 8 hours. It has been established that individual modes of low-temperature cream preparation, taking into account seasonal changes in the composition of milk fat, make it possible to obtain cream before churning almost with the same indexes of effective viscosity. The content of the crystalline phase of milk fat under both temperature regimes was 38.7–40.1%, which is sufficient to obtain of proper consistency sour-cream butter. The content of diacetyl and volatile organic acids more depend on the level of fermentation of cream than on the technological regimes of ripening and seasonality of raw materials. It has been proved that an increase in the fermentation degree of cream promotes an increase in the acidity of plasma and the content of aroma-producing components in the butter, and, accordingly, affects the degree of the sour taste. It is recommended for the production of cultured butter to begin the cream when the acidity of the plasma reaches 60ºT, which ensures the formation of high sensorial characteristic of the finished product.

Влияние температурного режима на всхожесть и энергию прорастания семян риса

Влияние температурного режима на всхожесть и энергию прорастания семян риса

Influence of temperature regime on endocrine parameters and vitellogenesis during experimental maturation of European eel ( Anguilla anguilla) females

We examined the effect of temperature in European silver eels during their maturation induced by injections of carp pituitary extract on endocrine parameters: pituitary fshβ and lhβ expression, plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) and vitellogenin, estrogen receptor 1 ( esr1), and vitellogenin 2 ( vtg2) expression in liver. A variable thermal regime (T10) that increased from 10° to 14° and 17 °C was compared with a constant 20 °C regime (T20) during 12 weeks. T10 caused a faster development until week 8, higher fshβ, lhβ, esr1 expression, and higher E2 levels. The results strongly suggest that T10 is inducing a higher endogenous FSH level which increases the E2 circulating level during vitellogenesis. A variable thermal regime induced an fshβ expression and E2 profile in vitellogenic hormonally matured eel females that were more similar to the profile observed in other naturally maturing fish.

The effects of temperature on growth rate and growth efficiency of juvenile common wolffish

The effects of temperature on the survival, growth rate and growth efficiency of larval and juvenile common wolffish, Anarhichas lupus L. were studied at 0–31 days and 9–12 months post-hatching, respectively. The influence of temperature regime during egg incubation on subsequent survival and growth was also examined. The fish were reared at constant water temperatures of 5, 8, 11 and 14°C, and all groups were fed dry pellets. At age 1 month, maximum growth rates were observed at 11 and 14°C. Growth rates and survival of early juveniles were dependent upon incubation history, high growth being obtained only if rearing temperature exceeded the temperature of egg incubation. In juveniles at age 9–12 months, the relationships between temperature and growth, and temperature and growth efficiency were parabolic: the optimum water temperatures for growth (Topt.G) and growth efficiency (Topt.GE) were 11°C and 9.7°C respectively. The growth rate and growth efficiency at these water temperatures were 0.9% day–1 and 0.45 g weight gain per g food offered, respectively. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998

Effects of temperature on the site productivity of Pinus sylvestris and lodgepole pine in Finland and Sweden

The influence of temperature regime on forest production in the northern boreal forest was studied by analysing the variation in site index for 20 provenance tests of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) in Finland and Sweden with respect to temperature. The site indices were regressed with several different temperature variables, which were obtained from interpolated monthly averages over 30 years from permanent meteorological stations nearby. There were strong correlations between all tested temperature variables and site index (r = 0.80–0.94). Site fertility influenced site index to some extent but the slope of the test sites did not. An increase in temperature sum from 600 to 1200 degree days (corresponding to an increase of the mean temperature in July from 13 to 15°C) was associated with an increase in site index of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) from 12.2 to 21.6 m (77%). Such an increase in site index can be assumed to correspond to an increase of 6.5 m3 ha−1 wood (183%) in mean annual increment. The effect of temperature was greater on poor sites than on fertile sites, and in harsh temperature regimes than in mild.

Influence of temperature regime on frost deformation of embankments (in Russian) : Dydyshko, P I; Nabatov, A B; Kocherova, N D Tr Vses Nauch-issled Inst Zheleznodorzhn Transp, Moscow, V565, 1976, P127–136

Influence of temperature regime on frost deformation of embankments (in Russian) : Dydyshko, P I; Nabatov, A B; Kocherova, N D Tr Vses Nauch-issled Inst Zheleznodorzhn Transp, Moscow, V565, 1976, P127–136

Influence of Temperature Regimes and Water Stress on the Germination of Three Range Grasses and its Possible Ecological Significance to a Shortgrass Prairie

To evaluate the influence of temperature and water stress on germination of three range grasses, viz. [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud], [Agropyron smithii Rydb.], and [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.], a germination response study using mannitol was conducted in environment-controlled growth chambers. The highest rate of germination in western wheatgrass was obtained at 24/13° C (day/night temperature regime) while in blue grama and buffalo grass the same was recorded at 29.5/18° C. Seed germination in buffalo grass, western wheatgrass, and blue grama was delayed at water stress greater than −3, −7 and −11 bars respectively under the two temperature regimes. The germination response of blue grama and buffalo grass at high temperature and at greater water stress conditions was greater than western wheatgrass. Results of this study are discussed in the light of the temperature and water stress conditions operative in a shortgrass prairie. A 9-day sequence with water stress less than or equal to −1 bar under a temperature range of 13° C to 29.5° C was found to be the most suitable period for germination of these species, under field conditions.

Influence of Cool and Warm Temperatures and Temperature Reversal at Inflorescence Emergence on Growth of Timothy, Orchardgrass, and Tall Fescue1

AbstractTimothy (Phleum pratense L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were grown from small propogules in pots of soil in growth chambers to evaluate the effect of temperature and temperature change on flowering, tillering, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and leaf‐blade area accumulation within and among species.Temperature greatly influenced maturation rate, growth rate, yield, tillering, leaf‐blade area, specific leaf‐blade weight (SLW), and dry matter (DM) distribution within each species. Except for maturation rate and DM distribution, each parameter was highest for all three species in cool (C, 18 C day/10 C night) or warm‐cool (WC, 32 day/24 C night with a change to 18 C day/10 C night at early inflorescence emergence) temperature regimes. Flowering in timothy was not affected by temperature. Significantly fewer flowering culms were obtained in orchardgrass at warm (W, 32 C day/24 C night) compared with C temperatures, while the opposite was true in tall fescue. Late anthesis in each of the grasses occurred first in the W regime and last in the C regime. Maturation rate, after switching from cool to warm (CW, 18 C day/ 10 C night with a change to 32 C day/24 C night at early inflorescence emergence) or warm to cool temperatures (WC) at early inflorescence emergence, varied among the three species. Timothy had the largest increase in maturation rate following the change from C to W temperatures, while that of tall fescue was least affected by the temperature change. Influence of temperature regimes on DM distribution among plant parts varied among species. Timothy was most sensitive to changes from C to W temperatures, while tall fescue was least sensitive. Warm temperatures slowed leaf‐blade area accumulation in orchardgrass and tall fescue in the CW regime and completely stopped it in timothy. Cool temperatures in the WC regimes stimulated leaf‐blade area accumulation in all three grasses. SLW of all three grasses increased with growth stage. Tall fescue had the highest SLW averaged over temperatures and growth stages, followed by orchardgrass and timothy. Change in temperature in the CW regime was followed by a decrease in SLW in each species compared with the C regime, while the opposite was true in the WC compared with the W regime. Timothy, followed in order by tall fescue and orchardgrass, produced the most DM in the C, CW, and WC regimes. Orchardgrass and tall fescue had similar DM yields which were higher than timothy in the W regime. Dry matter accumulation (DMA) rates in corresponding temperatures regimes were similar among species.It was concluded that the grasses differed in growth and development response to temperature and in sensitivity to temperature change. Differences in total plant yield among the three grasses in comparative temperature regimes were due to differences in DMA rates and in length of growth period.