Influence Of System Parameters Research Articles

Application of flow injection potentiometry to the determination of chloride in various matrices

The preparation and performance of a tubular chloride ion selective electrode for flow injection potentiometry is presented. The influence of system parameters on sensitivity, detection limit, response time and sample throughput are investigated. It is shown that 60–200 samples can be processed per hour within the concentration range 0.1–10,000 mg/l. The precision is generally better than 1% r.s.d. over the entire range. Application of the proposed method to analysis of tap and mineral water, emission control of hydrogen chloride and the determination of chloride in pure silicon nitride is shown to give results very well comparable to other methods.

Sensitivity Analysis of Vehicle Design Attributes in Frequency Domain

SUMMARY This paper presents a procedure for determining the sensitivity matrices of a vehicle dynamic system in the frequency domain as derivatives of the transfer function matrix with respect to system parameters. First and second order logarithmic sensitivity functions which possess normalized coefficients have been introduced to enhance analysis. The sensitivity analysis of amplitude-frequency characteristics on changes of selected parameters of a 3 degree-of-freedom vehicle handling model has been performed. It has been demonstrated that the general sensitivity measure proposed can be used to determine the combined influence of system parameters divided into groups such as design, environmental, driver, kinematic, etc., on the multi-parameter system response, prior to determining their order of influence within the groups.

Basic Characteristics of Cycloconverter for Linking Commercial and High-Frequency Distribution Lines

A new method to improve the power factor and current waveform on the commercial ac system is proposed. The frequency of a local distribution line in a factory or a chemical plant is made high, up to about 500 Hz. The local distribution line is linked directly to the commercial line by using a cycloconverter operating in circulating current mode. Quasi-sinusoidal current with unity displacement factor is realized on the commercial line side regardless of the consumed power by loads. The system configuration and the basic principle of operation of the cycloconverter for linking both lines are described. The influence of system parameters on the operation limit is investigated based on the power equilibrium constraints. Experimental results obtained in the 5.2KVA laboratory system show the validity of the proposed system.

Mass transfer in pure lithium and lithium-lead dynamic environments: Influence of system parameters

Test campaigns have been performed in forced and thermal convection loops filled with pure lithium or the Li17Pb83 eutectic alloy. Mass transfer rates and microstructural changes observed for structural materials exposed to these environments have been rationalized in terms of the loop geometries, operation conditions and purification systems. Variation of these parameters have been found to have a larger effect on the corrosion damage development than more traditional parameters such as the hot leg temperature or the temperature difference between the hot and cold legs of the test loop.

Equilibrium muscle cross-bridge behavior. Theoretical considerations

We have developed a model for the equilibrium attachment and detachment of myosin cross-bridges to actin that takes into account the possibility that a given cross-bridge can bind to one of a number of actin monomers, as seems likely, rather than to a site on only a single actin monomer, as is often assumed. The behavior of this multiple site model in response to constant velocity, as well as instantaneous stretches, was studied and the influence of system parameters on the force response explored. It was found that in the multiple site model the detachment rate constant has considerably greater influence on the mechanical response than the attachment rate constant. It is shown that one can obtain information about the detachment rate constants either by examining the relationship between the apparent stiffness and duration of stretch for constant velocity stretches or by examining the force-decay rate constants following an instantaneous stretch. The main effect of the attachment rate constant is to scale the mechanical response by influencing the number of attached cross-bridges. The significance of the modeling for the interpretation of experimental results is discussed.

Study of a Piston Pump without Valves : 1st Report, On a Pipe-capacity-system with a T-junction

This paper concerns a piston pump without valves which consists of a piping system with a T-junction, two water tanks connected with both ends of the main pipe and a piston installed in the lateral pipe. Pump effect occurring in the system is examined theoretically and experimentally. The study is confined to the case that the time average flow in the main pipe is zero. The pump effect is a phenomenon that part of the energy corresponding to the time averages of kinetic energy in both of the main pipe is stored in one side of the tanks. Influences of system parameters on the pumping effect were clarified. The results obtained from a mathematical model proposed in this paper were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.

Static Deflections and Stresses in Sandwich Beams under Various Boundary Conditions

Expressions for deflections and stresses of sandwich beams are derived for all practically important boundary conditions for both uniform as well as concentrated loads. The energy method is used in deriving the differential equations governing deflection which are then solved by using the Laplace transform method. The influence of system parameters on deflections and stresses is illustrated for important boundary conditions by means of graphs and formulae. These investigations reveal that riveting an edge can reduce the deflections and stresses by as much as 40 per cent.

Generalized study of crank-rocker mechanisms driven by a d.c. motor Part II. Applications

Simulation studies are performed for two different 4-bar mechanisms using separately-excited d.c. motors for actuation. The dynamic time-response analyses are carried out by means of numerical solution of the governing state equations on a digital computer. The influence of system parameters, including both motor properties and mechanism properties, on various performance characteristics is investigated, and the results are presented in the form of nondimensional graphs. These graphs help in understanding the interaction between the mechanism and its d.c. drive and are a start at obtaining generalized, quantitative information for the design of actuator-mechanism systems.

Analysis of ferro-oscillations in power systems

The paper presents an analysis of ferro-oscillations in capacitor voltage transformers and series-compensated e.h.v. lines. The dual-input describing function is adopted to show the regions of existence and the influence of system parameters on such oscillations. A complete analytical method suitable for digital computation has been developed for determining the amplitudes of these oscillations.

The D-Partition Method Applied to Systems with Dead Time and Distributed Lag

The results of applying D-partition method to systems with dead-time or distributed lag is examined. Two examples show how information on the influence of system parameters on stability can be conveniently plotted using Bode diagram techniques.