Influence Of Status Research Articles

Contributions of subjective status to eating behaviors, obesity, and metabolic health across development

Subjective status is the evaluation of one's social or socioeconomic status relative to others. Lower subjective status has been associated with risk of overweight/obesity, poorer metabolic health, and obesogenic food preferences and eating behaviors. However, these findings are predominantly based on studies of adolescents and young adults. This indicates major gaps in knowledge and application of this social determinant of obesity and metabolic health, given that perceived status develops throughout the life course along with food environments and eating habits. Here, we review the relationships that subjective status shares with the outcomes of eating behaviors, obesity, and metabolic health across milestones and periods of development: during the prenatal period, as caregivers who feed children, during childhood (prior to age 10) and from adolescence into emerging adulthood (until mid-20's). For each developmental period, we explore why the period critically contributes to these outcomes and how subjective status may affect eating behaviors and metabolic health. We propose that subjective status contributes to eating/feeding behaviors and metabolic health both within and across developmental periods, such that the effect of low subjective status at an earlier period may contribute to obesogenic eating behaviors and metabolic health in later developmental periods and intergenerationally. The influence of low subjective status on higher body weight may also threaten subjective status later in development through heightened vulnerability to social stressors, such as weight-based stigma. Overall, subjective status may be a broadly influential factor to consider when examining social determinants of obesity and metabolic health across development.

Risk factors for Ascaris lumbricoides infection and its association with nutritional status and IQ in 14-Year old adolescents in Chitwan, Nepal

Inconsistent results have been obtained from studies investigating the association between soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and nutritional status and cognitive outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the influence of STHs and nutritional status on the intelligence quotient (IQ) of adolescents in the Chitwan Valley, Nepal. In this birth cohort study from the Chitwan district of Nepal, 74 cohort participants were followed up after 14 years. The presence and egg density of the STHs were investigated following the Kato–Katz method. Full-scale IQ was evaluated using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-II (WASI-II). Multivariate regression analysis was also conducted to examine the associations of STHs and nutritional status with IQ scores, adjusting for adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and demographic and socioeconomic factors. The only STHs detected was for Ascaris lumbricoides, which was detected in 16% (12/74) of the study participants. Similarly, 16% (12/73) of participants reported undernutrition (body mass index (BMI) Z score<-2SD), and 33% (25/74) of participants had a developmental deficit (WASI II FSIQ < 69). There were no significant associations between the presence of A. lumbricoides or egg density and IQ scores. However, undernutrition (BMIZ<-2SD) increased the odds of a developmental deficit according to both univariate and adjusted multivariate models [i.e., adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 9.41; 95% CI (2.23 to 39.80)]. While the study primarily examines the association of STHs and nutritional status with IQ, it is important to note that adolescents with educated mothers or higher incomes also showed better cognitive development. The prevalence of undernutrition and associated developmental deficits characterized by an IQ < 69 was alarmingly high in this cohort of adolescents from Chitwan, Nepal. Despite the high prevalence of A. lumbricoides, its infection was not identified as significantly associated with cognition. However, it is noteworthy that a consistent favorable impact of an enriching postnatal environment, approximated by maternal education and family income, may improve neurodevelopmental indicators.

Differences in Social Adaptation of Rural Children between Different Family Socioeconomic Status: The Coupling Effect of Family Intimacy and Social Support

This study analyzes the influence of family social-economic status on children's social adaptability in rural areas and analyzes its mechanism. Based on the survey data of rural children on social adaptation, this study examined the mediation effect of family intimacy and social support between family SES and social adaptation. Results: ① Children with different family socioeconomic status showed differences in family closeness, social support and social adaptation scores; ② Rural children showed a positive correlation between family socioeconomic status, social support and social adaptation(r = 0.178-0.62, P &lt;0.001); ③ family closeness and social support played some intermediary role in family socioeconomic status and social adaptation, with the mediation effect values were 0.290 and 0.250 respectively;④ Family closeness and social support played a chain mediation role between family SES and social adaptation, with an effect value of 0.256. Under the objective conditions of rural families social and economic status, it is particularly important and necessary to promote the intimate relationship within families and strengthen the construction of social support network for rural children for their healthy growth and improve their social adaptability.

Neighborhood socioeconomic factors and characteristics correlated with avoidable emergency department visits: A spatial analysis of a Canadian academic hospital.

The influence of neighborhood characteristics and socioeconomic status (SES) factors on avoidable emergency department (ED) utilization is not well understood in a universal healthcare system. We examined correlations between these factors and avoidable ED visits at a Canadian academic hospital. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using administrative ED data from a hospital in Hamilton, Canada from April 1, 2018 to August 31, 2023, and neighborhood data from the Statistics Canada Census of Population 2021. Avoidable visits were classified using the Emergency Department Avoidability Classification (EDAC), and mapped to neighborhoods using Canadian postal codes. SES was defined primarily based on education attained, household income, employment and housing security. The top 20 postal codes with the highest avoidable ED visits were categorized into quartiles and analyzed for trends using chi-squared tests of spatial association and Spearman rank correlations. A consistent ordinal trend across quartiles was observed throughout the study period, with quartile 1 representing the lowest avoidable ED visits and quartile 4 the highest. The quartiles were unevenly distributed spatially, though there was a significant association between close proximity to the ED and avoidable visits (X2 = 7.07, p <0.05). The quartile with the highest avoidable ED visits (quartile 4) had the greatest proportion of one-person households (35.5%) and one-parent families (37.8%), and showed statistically significant positive correlations with male sex, living alone and having an indigenous identity. Quartile 4 had the highest rates of individuals not completing high school (18.6%, p < 0.05), unemployment (13.7%), households spending greater than 30% of their income on shelter (26.5%), and households earning less than $30,000 annually (16.6%, compared to 8.7% in quartile 1 with the lowest avoidable ED visits). In a universal healthcare setting, lower SES neighborhoods were correlated with higher rates of avoidable ED visits. Targeted interventions that address social determinants of health disparities in neighborhoods with lower SES could reduce the burden of avoidable ED visits, and promote more equitable healthcare utilization.

Immune therapeutic strategies for the senescent tumor microenvironment.

Senescent cells can either to promote immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment or facilitate immune surveillance. Despite the revolutionary impact of cancer immunotherapy, durable responses in solid tumors, particularly in advanced stages, remain limited. Recent studies have shed light on the influence of senescent status within the tumor microenvironment (TME) on therapy resistance and major efforts are needed to overcome these challenges. This review summarizes recent advancements in targeting cellular senescence, with a particular focus on immunomodulatory approaches on the hallmarks of cellular senescence.

Predictors of Dietary Supplement Use Among Children Attending Care and Educational Institutions in Krakow, Poland.

Socioeconomic status and parental lifestyle influence dietary behaviors, including the administration of oral dietary supplements in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of selected health, dietary, and sociodemographic factors on the use of dietary supplements by children. In this cross-sectional observational study, a diagnostic survey based on the computer-assisted web interview method was conducted in November 2022 among 2826 parents whose children attend public educational institutions in Krakow, Poland. The study group included data on 497 nursery children (17.6%), 599 kindergarten children (21.2%), 1594 primary school children (56.4%), and 136 secondary school children (4.8%). Among all respondents, 72.2% were taking oral nutritional supplements, with vitamin D supplementation being particularly popular in all groups. Logistic regression analysis identified predictors of supplement use, including special diet (p < 0.001), use of medication for chronic disease (p = 0.012), regularity of main meals (p = 0.022), and attending a sports school (p = 0.021). A decrease in supplement use was observed with the increasing level of education of children (p < 0.001). These results highlight the importance of various health, dietary, and sociodemographic factors in influencing decisions regarding dietary supplementation in children. Further assessment of dietary supplement usage should be conducted alongside evaluations of nutrient intake from the children's diet.

Gut Microbiome Diversity and Composition in Captive Siberian Tigers (Panthera tigris altaica): The Influence of Diet, Health Status, and Captivity on Microbial Communities

The gut microbiome is essential for the health of carnivorous mammals, including the endangered Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). However, limited research exists on the gut microbiome of captive Siberian tigers, especially regarding how diet and health status influence microbial diversity. This study addresses this gap by investigating the gut microbiome diversity and composition of six captive-born Siberian tigers housed at the Baekdudaegan National Arboretum in South Korea, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study aimed to examine how diet and health status influence microbial communities, providing baseline data for managing captive tigers. Alpha diversity analysis revealed significant variation in microbial richness and evenness, with Tigers 2 and 6 exhibiting the highest microbial diversity and Tiger 3 the lowest, likely due to its surgical history and limited diet. Beta diversity analysis showed distinct microbial community structures influenced by diet and health. Taxonomic profiling identified Firmicutes and Bacteroidota as the dominant phyla, with Clostridium sensu stricto more prevalent in healthier tigers, while Escherichia-Shigella and Proteobacteria were abundant in tigers with lower diversity, suggesting dysbiosis. Comparisons with other tiger species confirm that diet, health, and captivity significantly shape the gut microbiome. These findings highlight the need for personalized health management in captive environments.

Association between childhood trauma and social anxiety in adolescents: The mediating role of self-compassion and loneliness

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown a correlation between childhood trauma and social anxiety. However, the underlying mechanism of this association is not well understood. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety in adolescents, and to explore the mediating role of self-compassion and loneliness. Participants and settingIn total 1309 adolescents (531 of whom were female) were recruited, and their mean age was 15.4 ± 2.30 years. MethodsParticipants completed the Adolescent Social Anxiety Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, Self-Compassion Scale, and University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationships among childhood trauma, self-compassion, loneliness, and social anxiety. The PROCESS Macro Model 80 was used for regression analysis to explore the mediating effects of self-compassion and loneliness on the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety. ResultsAfter controlling for the influence of gender and parental marital status, self-compassion mediated the association between childhood trauma and social anxiety, in which positive self-compassion alleviated the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety, while negative self-compassion aggravated the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety. Furthermore, self-compassion and loneliness chain-mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and social anxiety. ConclusionThese results offer theoretical support for the research and intervention of adolescents' social anxiety, and are crucial for developing adolescents' mental health education and promoting interpersonal communication.

Dementia severity and advanced pressure injury procedures and prognosis: A nationwide study in Japan.

In older adults, pressure injuries (PIs) are common and, despite advancements in PI care, are associated with increased complications in patients with dementia for whom standardized treatments are unavailable. Herein, we aimed to examine the influence of dementia status on the care practice pattern and healing outcomes for PI on discharge. This retrospective cohort study used data from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database for 2014-2015 and the Annual Report for Functions of Medical Institutions and included patients aged ≥65 years. The DESIGN-R (depth, exudates, size, inflammation/infection, granulation, necrosis and rating) classification system was used to determine PI severity, and the Dementia Scale was used to assess dementia status. The measured outcomes included advanced PI care and healing upon discharge. Multivariable logistic regression, accounting for hospital-related clustering, was used to examine the association of dementia with these outcomes. Among 20 386 patients from 1198 hospitals included in the analysis, 32.5%, 20.1% and 47.3% had no, mild and severe dementia, respectively. After adjustment for patients' and hospital characteristics, compared with those without dementia, patients with severe dementia were significantly less likely to undergo advanced treatments, such as skin grafts (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62 [95% confidential interval [CI], 0.40-0.97]; P = 0.034) and flap surgeries (aOR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.42-0.77]; P < 0.001), and had a reduced likelihood of PI healing (aOR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.72-0.90]; P < 0.001). Severe dementia was associated with poor PI healing outcomes, indicating potential treatment disparities. Thus, PI treatment should be provided according to the severity of dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••-••.

Influence of Parents' Economic and Educational Status on Children's Learning

Influence of Parents' Economic and Educational Status on Children's Learning

Striving for Equity: Examining Health Disparities in Urologic Oncology.

Health disparities in urologic oncology, particularly in prostate, bladder, kidney, and testicular cancers, significantly impact patient outcomes across different demographic groups. This narrative review aims to investigate the extent and drivers of these disparities, focusing on the influence of race, socioeconomic status, and geographic location on diagnosis, treatment, and survival outcomes. We conducted a comprehensive review of the existing literature and analyzed data from national cancer databases to identify patterns of inequity. Our findings reveal that minority populations, individuals with lower socioeconomic status, and those residing in underserved areas are less likely to receive timely and guideline-based care, leading to worse outcomes. This review underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions, including policy reforms, health system restructuring, enhanced community outreach, and increased funding for disparity-focused research, to ensure equitable access to high-quality oncologic care. Addressing these disparities is crucial for improving cancer outcomes and achieving health equity in urologic oncology.

Delay discounting of rewards and losses, alcohol use, and the influence of socioeconomic factors: A cross-sectional online study in frequent drinkers.

Delay discounting describes the devaluation of future outcomes over time and is a popular behavioral construct in addiction research. Prior studies show modest yet consistent associations between problematic alcohol use and delayed reward discounting (DRD). However, the potential confounding influence of socioeconomic status (SES, e.g., income and education) is rarely addressed. In this study, we aimed to investigate the robustness of DRD as a predictor of alcohol use after controlling for socioeconomic and demographic variables. Additionally, we aimed to test the association between delayed loss discounting (DLD) and alcohol use in a sufficiently large sample. We collected data from 341 moderate-to-heavy-drinking participants (27.92 ± 21.12 g alcohol/day, 43.48 ± 11.90 years old, 49.9% female, UK residents) in a cross-sectional online study. DRD and DLD were measured using an intertemporal choice task. Questionnaires encompassed alcohol use (AUDIT, weekly alcohol consumption), education and income, subjective measures of past and present socioeconomic status, and impulsivity. DRD, but not DLD, was significantly associated with AUDIT scores (r = 0.15) and weekly alcohol consumption (r = 0.12). DRD remained a significant yet weak predictor of AUDIT scores when controlling for education and income, but not when controlling for education and age. We replicated a small but robust association between alcohol use and DRD, but not DLD. This association appeared to be confounded by education and age, but not by income. We conclude that socioeconomic and demographic variables should systematically be accounted for in future studies investigating DRD and alcohol use.

Utilization Postnatal Care Services in Hyolmo Community

Postnatal care (PNC) utilization among the Hyolmo community highlights significant gaps in existing literature and underscores the critical need for targeted healthcare interventions in remote and ethnically distinct populations. This study reveals that, while considerable attention is given to urban and accessible rural populations, remote communities face unique challenges that can impede access to essential maternal health services. The results demonstrate that age, education, and socio-economic factors significantly influence PNC uptake, suggesting disparities that are compounded in remote areas like the Helambu Rural Municipality of Sindhupalchowk District. This study shows that younger mothers, often less aware or hindered by accessibility barriers, are less likely to utilize PNC services compared to their older counterparts. This disparity highlights the necessity for community-specific educational programs that can enhance understanding and encourage the use of PNC services among younger women. Additionally, the influence of education and socio-economic status on PNC utilization points to the broader implications of systemic inequities in healthcare access. Moreover, the study brings to light the role of cultural practices and beliefs in shaping healthseeking behaviors, which varies significantly across different communities. In the traditional beliefs may conflict with modern healthcare practices, there is a clear need for culturally sensitive health interventions that respect and integrate local customs and practices. This research not only contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors affecting PNC service uptake in a specific Nepalese community but also calls for comprehensive policy responses. By addressing the multifaceted challenges faced by the Hyolmo community ranging from geographic isolation to cultural and educational barriers the study advocates for a holistic approach to healthcare. This should include the development of policies that ensure equitable access to health services, enhance community health education, and promote cultural competence among healthcare providers. Ultimately, such efforts are essential for improving maternal and infant health outcomes in remote communities, ensuring that every individual, regardless of their socio-economic or cultural background, has access to the necessary postnatal care.

Investigation of the relationship between socioeconomic status and literacy in PISA Türkiye data

Previous researchers have identified socioeconomic status as a significant predictor of achievement/literacy. However, it is important to recognize that the influence of socioeconomic status on literacy may vary at different levels of socioeconomic status. Thus, this study analyzes the relationship between socioeconomic status and literacy scores for all domains in PISA Türkiye data from 2003 to 2022 through the Classification and Regression Trees and linear regression methods. Upon examining the results, separate investigations carried out for the lower and upper socioeconomic status groups indicate that R2 values were found to be equal to or greater than .80 in 37 out of the 42 analyses. From 2003 to 2009, the R2 values in both groups were considerably high; however, there has been a notable decline in subsequent periods. The year 2009 demonstrated particularly high R2 values by ESCS in all domains for both upper and lower groups. Consequently, socioeconomic status exhibited a greater predictive power on literacy scores across all domains in the lower socioeconomic group than upper socioeconomic group.

Influence of maternal health status during pregnancy and the child´s medical history on molar-incisor hypomineralization in a group of Spanish children (aged 6-14 years): a retrospective case-control study.

Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative enamel defect that is highly prevalent in children. It has been reported that patients with MIH have higher caries occurrence with an increased need and frequency of dental treatment compared to patients without MIH. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between MIH and a series of factors related to maternal health status during pregnancy and children´s medical history in early childhood. A retrospective study of cases (patients with MIH) and controls (patients without MIH) was designed between 2023 and 2024. A total of 280 children (cases = 140; controls = 140) aged 6 to 14 years (138 boys and 142 girls) were examined according to the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria for MIH. A survey was carried out with mothers regarding the potential exposure of their children to etiological factors of MIH. Possible prenatal and postnatal etiological factors were obtained through a personal interview with the patients' mothers. The statistical analysis was carried out with the contrast test and the chi-square test. During pregnancy, folic acid consumption, alcohol intake, systemic viral and/or bacterial infections, and gestational diabetes were statistically significantly related to MIH, as were breastfeeding, asthma, and corticosteroid consumption during childhood. Although there are different factors that may have statistically significant relationships with MIH, they cannot be predicted. Therefore, longitudinal studies, with a large sample size, are needed to determine the influence of prenatal and postnatal factors on the prevalence and severity of MIH in children.

Malnutrition is associated with severe outcome in elderly patients hospitalised with COVID-19

Some studies have identified influencing factors of COVID-19 illness in elderly, such as underlying diseases, but research on the effect of nutritional status is still lacking. This study retrospectively examined the influence of nutritional status on the outcome of elderly COVID-19 inpatients. A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 4241 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to a third-class hospital of Nanchang between November 1, 2022 and January 31, 2023 was conducted. Nutritional status was assessed using the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and controlling nutritional status score (CONUT). The influence of nutritional status on the outcome of COVID-19 patients was determined through multivariate adjustment analysis, restrictive cubic spline, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Compared with mild/no malnutrition, severe malnutrition substantially increased the critical outcome of COVID-19. A linear relationship was observed between the odds ratio (OR) and PNI and CONUT (P > 0.05). The area under the ROC curve indicated that PNI was the better predictor. The optimal cutoff value of PNI was 38.04 (95%CI: 0.797 ~ 0.836, AUC = 0.817), with a sensitivity of 70.7% and a specificity of 79.6%. The critical illness of elderly COVID-19 patients shows a linear relationship with malnutrition at admission. The use of PNI to assess the prognosis of COVID-19 eldeely patients is reliable, highlighting the importance for doctors to closely pay attention to the nutritional status of COVID-19 patients. Focusing on nutritional status in clinical practice can effectively reduce the critical illness of elderly COVID-19 patients.

Inclusive Soundscapes: How Race, Socioeconomic Status and Maternal Age Influence the Pediatric Cochlear Implant Journey.

This study aimed to assess how race, social vulnerability, and maternal age influence pediatric cochlear implant access and usage. Retrospective cohort. Tertiary Pediatric University Hospital. This study included individuals aged 0 to 18 who received a cochlear implant at our center between the years 2000 and 2022. Social vulnerability data from 2020 was obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Of the 302 patients included in our study, 43% were black and 50% were white. Patients from the highest to lowest social vulnerability quintiles comprised 31%, 25%, 18%, 10%, and 14% of our sample, respectively. Race was associated with social vulnerability index (SVI) (P < .001), with a mean score of 0.70 (±0.26) and 0.49 (±0.27) for black and white patients, respectively. Later age at hearing loss (HL) diagnosis and cochlear implantation (CI) were associated with more and most vulnerable SVI (P < .05). Delayed diagnosis was also associated with black and other racial groups (P = .041), and adolescent maternal age (P = .03). Greater SVI was associated with less daily cochlear implant usage (P = .004). The most vulnerable patients were more likely to be lost to follow-up (P = .03) despite no difference based on maternal age (P = .59) and insurance status (P = .47). This study underscores the significance of mitigating disparities in timely diagnosis of HL, consistent CI usage, and appropriate follow-up care. This is a first step toward the formulation of novel strategies aimed at overcoming barriers and developing appropriate intervention programs.

Context dependence of grassland plant response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: The influence of plant successional status and soil resources

Abstract Many of the disturbance‐sensitive, late successional plant species in grasslands respond to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi more positively via growth and establishment than plants that readily establish in disturbed areas (i.e. early successional species). Inoculation with AM fungi can therefore aid the establishment of late successional species in disturbed areas. If the differential benefit of AM fungi to late versus early successional plants is context‐dependent, however, this advantage could be diminished in high phosphorus (P) post‐agricultural soils or in future climates with altered precipitation. In this greenhouse experiment, we tested if late successional plant species are less plastic in their reliance on AM fungi than early successional plants by growing 17 plant species of different successional status (9 early and 8 late successional) in full factorial combinations of inoculated or uninoculated with AM fungi, with ambient or high P levels, and with low or high levels of water. AM fungi positively affected the biomass of the 17 grassland plant species, but across all environments, late successional plant species generally responded more positively to AM fungi than early successional plants species. AM fungal growth promotion and change in below‐ground biomass allocation was generally diminished with P fertilizer across all plant species, and while there was significant variation among plant species in the sensitivity of AM fungal responsiveness to P fertilization, this differential sensitivity was not predicted by plant successional status. The role of AM fungi in plant growth promotion was not generally altered by variation in watering, however late successional plant species allocated a greater proportion of their biomass below‐ground in response to AM fungi in low versus high water conditions. Synthesis. Overall greater responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi by late successional species is consistent with an important role of AM fungi in plant succession, even while AM fungi are less impactful overall in high P soils. However, the increase in responsiveness of below‐ground allocation of late successional species to AM fungi in low water conditions suggests that successional dynamics may be more dependent on AM fungi in future climates that feature greater propensity for drought.

The effects of subjective family status and subjective school status on depression and suicidal ideation among adolescents: the role of anxiety and psychological resilience.

Depression and suicidal tendencies are notably prevalent among adolescents, yet few studies have revealed the impact of social status on them. This study aimed to explore the mediating and moderating effects of anxiety and psychological resilience on family status, school status, depression, and suicidal ideation. A total of 1,190 secondary school students aged 13 to 17 years (mean age: 13.57 ± 2.02 years) were evaluated depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation using the PHQ-8 and GAD-7 questionnaires. Subjective family and school status were also assessed. Data analysis was conducted using Mplus, SPSS's Process, and the RSA 3.0 plugin. Subjective family/school status, anxiety, psychological resilience, depression, and suicidal ideation were significantly correlated. Anxiety played a partial mediating role in the influence of subjective family status and subjective school on depression and suicidal ideation, and psychological resilience moderated the impact of anxiety on adolescent depression and suicidal ideation (βdepression = -0.05, p < 0.01; βsuicidal ideation = -0.06, p < 0.05). Subjective family status and school status played important roles in depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents, and anxiety and psychological resilience played mediating and moderating roles.

The Influence of Birth Weight, Socio-Economic Status, and Adult Health on Brain Volumes during Ageing

Introduction: Greater late-life brain volumes are associated with resilience against dementia. We examined relationships between birth weight, lifelong socio-economic status, and health with late-life brain volumes. We hypothesised that early life factors directly affect late-life brain volumes. Methods: Adults aged 59–67 y underwent MRI and brain volumes were measured. Birth weight and lifelong health, and socio-economic status were quantified and the principal components of each extracted. Relationships were examined using regression and structural equation analysis. Results: Birth weight (β = 0.095, p = 0.017) and childhood socio-economic status (β = 0.091, p = 0.033, n = 280) were directly associated with brain volume. Childhood socio-economic status was further associated with grey matter volume (β = 0.04, p = 0.047). Adult health was linked to increased brain volume (β = 0.15, p = 0.003). Conclusion: Birth weight and childhood socio-economic status are associated with whole and regional brain volume through direct mechanisms. Optimal fetal development, reduced childhood poverty, and good adult health could reduce brain atrophy and delay dementia onset in late-life.