Influence Of Socioeconomic Status Research Articles

Parents' attitudes regarding their children's play during COVID-19: Impact of socioeconomic status and urbanicity

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the daily routines of parents and children. This study explored the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) and urbanicity on parents' attitudes toward their children's active play opportunities 6 months and 1.5 years into COVID-19. MethodsA sample of 239 Ontario parents of children aged 12 and younger completed two online surveys (August–December 2020; 2021) to assess parents' intentions, beliefs, and comforts concerning their child's eventual return to play, in addition to various sociodemographic and physical activity variables. Descriptive analyses were run as well as an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to group the 14 attitude items into subscales for analysis, to ensure reliability and validity of attitude measures. ResultsIn general, parents in communities with more urban features (e.g., densely populated areas), single-parents, full-time employed parents, and parents with lower-incomes were more hesitant to return their children to active play during the pandemic. ConclusionFindings from this work highlight SES and urbanicity disparities that continue to exist during COVID-19.

14 The Impact of Socioeconomic Status (SES) on Phonemic Fluency in Patients with Pediatric Brain Tumor (PBT)

Objective:Phonemic fluency, an important cognitive skill for everyday functioning, has been shown to decline in comparison to same-aged peers following pediatric cancer diagnosis and treatment, despite intact semantic fluency. More generally, socioeconomic status (SES) has recently been shown to be one of the strongest predictors of neuropsychological outcomes among pediatric oncology patients, with lower SES predicting worse intellectual and academic functioning. However, the association between SES and phonemic fluency within this population has yet to be explored. The main objective of this project was to determine whether SES (specifically estimated household income) significantly predicts phonemic fluency performance among patients with PBT, and it was hypothesized that higher SES would be associated with better phonemic fluency outcomes.Participants and Methods:136 participants with PBT ages 7-20 (x=14.15 years, SD=3.87), were administered phonemic fluency trials (either from the NEPSY - Second Edition or Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, with no significant differences in performance between measures). The sample was 58.8% male and half Latino (50.0%), followed by Caucasian (30.1%), Asian American (7.4%), Black (6.6%), and Other (5.9%) ethnicity. All patients identified English as their primary and preferred language regardless of predominant household language, reducing the potential confounding impact of language. Given documented associations between PBT and lower intelligence following diagnosis and treatment, estimated intellectual functioning was included in the first block of hierarchical regression to isolate and further elucidate the potential contributing influence of SES on phonemic fluency. Median household income for specific neighborhoods was used as a proxy for SES, while Wechsler Matrix Reasoning (MR) was used as an estimate of general intellectual functioning given the high correlation between MR and full scale IQ.Results:Consistent with prior literature, phonemic fluency was lower than normative age expectations [t(135)=-3.653, p=.0002], though still within the average range clinically (x=8.93). As hypothesized, SES was positively correlated with phonemic fluency [r(136)=.219, p=.005]. Furthermore, SES significantly predicted phonemic fluency performance above and beyond estimated intelligence, accounting for a significant increase in variance (p=.020). Post-hoc analyses also revealed poorer phonemic fluency among participants with infratentorial brain tumors as compared to supratentorial brain tumors after controlling for SES, t(108)=-1.748, p=.042.Conclusions:Consistent with the known impact of SES on neuropsychological late effects among patients with pediatric cancer, phonemic fluency was positively correlated with SES among participants with PBT above and beyond estimated intelligence, suggesting the distinct role of SES on rapid verbal retrieval within this population. This has important implications for identifying patients at higher risk, helping to ensure timely provision of services and supports. Poorer phonemic fluency was also noted among patients with infratentorial (vs. supratentorial) brain tumors after controlling for SES, which may influence studies combining tumor location as the vast majority of PBTs are infratentorial. This supports prior literature demonstrating the need for increased cerebellar activation during phonemic (vs. semantic) retrieval. Additional research is needed to further explore these findings.

Socioeconomic, Racial, and Insurance Disparities in Clinical Outcomes After Surgery Among Patients With Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Socioeconomic status (SES), race, and insurance type correlate with initial curve severity for patients with idiopathic scoliosis, but less is known regarding how these variables impact surgical outcomes. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of SES, race, and insurance on preoperative appointment attendance, likelihood of obtaining a preoperative second opinion, brace prescription, missed 6 or 12-month postsurgical appointments, incidence of emergency department visits 0 to 90 days after surgery, and major complications within a year of surgery. A review of 421 patients diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis who underwent surgery at a single high-volume pediatric spinal deformity institution between May 2015 and October 2021 was conducted. Area Deprivation Index, a quantitative measure of SES, was collected. Scores were stratified by quartile; higher scores indicated a lower SES. χ 2 tests for correlation were performed to determine whether clinical outcomes were dependent upon Area Deprivation Index, race, or insurance type; P ≤0.05 was significant. The sample was 313 Caucasian (74%), 69 (16%) black, and 39 (9.3%) other patients. More patients had private versus public insurance (80% vs 20%) and were of higher SES. The likelihood of missing preoperative appointments was higher for black patients ( P = 0.037). Those with lower SES missed more postoperative appointments and received less bracing and second opinions ( P = 0.038, P = 0.017, P = 0.008, respectively). Being black and publicly insured correlated with fewer brace prescriptions ( P < 0.001, P = 0.050) and decreased rates of obtaining second opinions ( P = 0.004, P = 0.001). Patients with idiopathic scoliosis surgery who were Caucasian, privately insured, and of higher SES were more likely to seek preoperative second opinions, be prescribed a brace, and attend postoperative appointments. Recognition of the inherent health care disparities prevalent within each pediatric spine surgery referral region is imperative to better inform local and national institutional level programs to educate and assist patients and families most at risk for disparate access to scoliosis care. Level III; retrospective case-control study.

Home and preschool influences on early literacy and numeracy development in England, Estonia, and the United States

ABSTRACT This study considered the influences of socioeconomic status (SES), home learning environment, and age of enrollment in early childhood education and care (ECEC) on early literacy and numeracy development of 5-year-olds in England (N = 2,577), Estonia (N = 2,110), and the United States (N = 2,234) by leveraging data from the International Early Learning and Child Well-being Study (conducted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in 2018). Structural equation modeling indicated that, in all three countries, SES was positively associated with earlier ECEC enrollment, emergent literacy and numeracy. Earlier ECEC enrollment was positively related to emergent literacy and numeracy in England. The home learning environment was positively related to emergent literacy in the United States and emergent numeracy in England and the United States. Overall, SES had a positive indirect effect on emergent literacy and numeracy through ECEC enrollment age in England. Findings are interpreted against country-specific ECEC policies.

O.6.3-3 Gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status: intersectoral factors influencing adolescent girls’ participation in sport

Abstract Purpose Adolescent girls’ sports participation are low, particularly among females living in low socioeconomic status (SES) neighbourhoods. Inequalities accumulate at the intersection of gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Understanding this inequity is essential to support better female opportunities in sports participation to reduce inequalities in health. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate how gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status influence girls’ participation in sport. Methods Eleven focus groups were conducted from July-October 2021 with in total 44 adolescent girls living in low SES neighbourhoods. Ten had Danish ethnic origin and 34 had other ethnic minority background of whom 18 were born in Denmark with parents born in non-western countries. 21 of the girls were wearing veil as a symbol of their religious background. The inclusion criteria were non-participation in organised sport in their leisure time. The girls were recruited through purposive sampling via schools placed in five different low SES neighbourhoods. Drawing on an intersectoral framework as a tool to understand the complex interaction between gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, a deductive thematic analysis was conducted from verbatim transcripts using NVivo. Results Capturing the girls’ own voices, the analyses identified three overarching themes; 1) The little voice inside, 2) Sports are not for girls, 3) Can you do sport with veil? Findings revealed that the barriers for this group of girls had more complex intertwined layers, where gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic status were accumulated. The analyse indicates that gendered societal expectations and stereotypes about femininity, along with cultural and religious norms and socioeconomic factors, act as a barrier for girls to participate in sport. Conclusions The results provide insight into intersectional factors that influence sports participation among adolescent girls living in low SES neighbourhoods. The findings among this underrepresented group indicate that gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status should be considered to ensure equal opportunities to sports participation. The findings will be useful to shed light on how interventions should be designed to promote sports participation among adolescent girls in low SES neighbourhoods and thus help promote equity.

Social Determinants of Self-rated Health: Patient-provider Communication, Social Support, Socioeconomics, and Demographics among Different Ethnic Groups in the U.S.

Grounded in the theory of social determinants of health, this study clarifies the relationship between social factors and health disparities in the United States. Health disparities as observed in self-rated health (SRH) status were examined across four different ethnic groups of White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian Americans. It further evaluated and compared the social determinants that account for variations in SRH status among these groups. Results from a national sample (HINTS-5 2018) showed a series of significant discrepancies in SRH among the four ethnic groups. In addition, Blacks rated their overall patient-provider communication higher than the other three groups; however, Asians reported lower ratings than the other three groups on all seven measurement items of patient-provider communication. Furthermore, findings underscored the important role of patient-provider communication as a social determinant in predicting SRH among White and Black populations, but not among Asian and Hispanic counterparts. Finally, findings suggested that social support, demographic characteristics (age, gender, and marital status), and socioeconomic status (education, occupation, and household income) influence SRH differently for the four ethnic groups. Important research and intervention implications are discussed, especially for better understanding of differences in effects of patient-provider communication on SRH by race/ethnicity.

Fluctuating asymmetry in third molar agenesis as an aid to estimate socioeconomic status.

Traditionally, dental identification techniques are used to establish identity or assist in reconstructing an individual's biological profile. However, other aspects of identity, namely socioeconomic status (SES), can be estimated through teeth. This work aims to evaluate the influence of SES on third molar agenesis in a Portuguese population. X-rays from 448 subjects (223 belonging to a high and 225 to a low socioeconomic status) were assessed and demographic data (age, sex) and dental history were registered. Frequencies and associations between the variables were analyzed using the chi-square test. For each group, differences between third molar agenesis were studied using the Wilcoxon test. The significance level was 5%. X-rays displaying at least one agenesis were more common in females (in both SES groups). Differences between socioeconomic status were found in female subjects' upper right and lower left third molars, with a higher frequency of agenesis in the lower SES group. Agenesis of lower third molars displayed fluctuant asymmetry in both groups, whereas agenesis of upper third molars was also present in the lower SES group. These results suggest that socioeconomic status can affect third molar agenesis prevalence, and fluctuant asymmetry seems more prevalent in the lower SES, as it affects all third molars.

295 Influence of Socio-Economic Status on Radiotherapy Adverse Events

295 Influence of Socio-Economic Status on Radiotherapy Adverse Events

Consumer Perceptions and Behaviors on Digital Payment Adoption Among Older Generation Z and Younger Millennials in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Purpose: The study's goal is to better understand how older and younger generations in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, behave when it comes to using digital payments. Investigating the choice of mobile payment application in the Phnom Penh region is another objective of this study. Here, it is also investigated how usage, economic situation, and adoption of mobile payments are related.&#x0D; &#x0D; Theoretical framework: One of the most well-known research models on consumer behavior among younger and older generations and the adoption of new technical systems emphasizes the influence of geography, socioeconomic status, and specific traits on consumer acceptance. The concept considers factors including social effects, credibility requirements, effort expectations, and performance requirements when determining the best digital payment application.&#x0D; &#x0D; Design/Methodology/Approach: The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model and K-mean clustering for distance and economic status studies were used in this research paper to select 150 locals in Phnom Penh from the target population in order to study consumer behavioral intention to accept digital payment method and application.&#x0D; &#x0D; Findings: The result we aimed to show and analyses the Digital payment methods, payments sharing, receiving, storing evidences, that older generation started understanding the digital payment by Khmer language and accepting the digital transactions from known customers. The current generation using Sathapana application and English Language in wide ranges through the Phom Penh region. The study also trying to exhibit the purpose of the digital payment systems in and across the e-commerce activities, through the older and younger generation.&#x0D; &#x0D; Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: The elder generation Z handled digital payments for regional transactions like banking, home tasks, loan repayment, peer lending, travel, and local marketplaces in Khmer. The subsequent generations of millennials also incorporated cross-border payments in English and Khmer.&#x0D; &#x0D; Originality/Value: Bringing up a Digital Platform shall make a positive change in economy and circulation of economy to the people and country. Unless the people trust the digital payments, they cant share their money for the business or basic operations to run the government. Thy the Digital Payment applications shall understand the behavior of the customers and share the services through the digital payment systems.

Pengaruh Status Sosial Ekonomi Orang Tua dan Literasi Keuangan Terhadap Pengelolaan Keuangan Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Angkatan 2021 Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

The aim of this research is to identify how parents' socio-economic status and financial literacy influence student decision-making about their personal finances among the Class of 2021 at the Faculty of Economics, University of Education, Ganesha. This research uses a causal research design and relies on quantitative data. A questionnaire approach was used to collect data for this investigation. Two hundred sixty five students were surveyed out of a potential seven hundred eighty nine from the Faculty of Economics of Ganehsa University of Education Batch 2021. Deliberate sampling was used for data collection. This research includes a series of statistical tests which include multiple linear regression tests, t tests, f tests, and classical assumption tests. The findings of this research indicate that (1) the socio-economic status of the parents and (2) the financial literacy of the parents has a significant positive effect on the financial management of their children, and (3) the socio-economic status of the parents alone has no effect on financial management. An X1 value of 0.263 indicates that an increase in X1 will result in an increase in Y, and an X2 value of 0.303 indicates an increase in X2 will result in an increase in Y, this can be seen from the results of multiple linear regression. H1 there is acceptance because the significance value of the t-test does not exceed 0.05 for the variable of parents' socioeconomic status; H2 is accepted because the significance value of the t-test does not exceed 0.05 for the financial literacy variable; and H3 there is acceptance because the significance value of the f-test does not exceed 0.05.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords : Socio-economic status; Financial literacy; financial management.

DETERMINATION OF FACTORS INFLUENCING DRUG USE USING THE FUZZY AHP METHOD AT THE NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCIAL NATIONAL NARCOTICS AGENCY (BNNP)

The phenomenon of drug abuse is primarily observed within the population characterized by experimental drug use, with a particular emphasis on individuals who are actively employed. Several factors, such as socioeconomic status and peer influence, have been identified as influential contributors in the occurrence of drug misuse. The objective of this study is to ascertain the determinants that impact individuals engaged in drug usage through the application of the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. The data for this research is derived from internal agencies, which aim to identify the elements that contribute to drug users' susceptibility to addiction and the subsequent development of drug dependency in individuals. The factors included in this study encompass Environment ( ), Family ( ), Economy ( ), Education ( ), and Personality ( ). The utilization of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for conducting data analysis methodologies. The AHP method yielded a value of λ=8.927, a CI of 2.65, and a CR of 87.39%. Moreover, during the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) phase, it was determined that the primary determinant of drug abuse is (environment), exhibiting the highest average score of 0.8321, equivalent to 83.21%, in comparison to other components

Influence of parental anthropometry and gestational weight gain on intrauterine growth and neonatal outcomes: Findings from the MAI cohort study in rural India.

Poor foetal growth and subsequent low birth weight are associated with an increased risk for disease later in life. Identifying parental factors that determine foetal growth are important to curbing intergenerational malnutrition, especially among disadvantaged populations in the global south where undernutrition rates are high. The objective of this study was to assess the relationships between parental biometry, intrauterine growth and neonatal outcomes, while factoring in socioeconomic status of historically disadvantaged households in rural India. Using data from the prospective longitudinal cohort, pregnant women from rural Pune, India (n = 134) were assessed between August 2020 and November 2022. Data on socio-demography, ultrasound measurements, parental and foetal anthropometry were collected. Multiple linear regression models were run to predict determinants of foetal intrauterine and neonatal growth (p value<0.05). The dependent variables were ultrasound measurements and neonatal biometry, and independent variables were gestational weight gain, parental and mid-parental height. Mean(±SD) maternal age, maternal height, paternal height and mid-parental height were 22.8±3.7 years, 153.6±5.5cm, 165.9±6.5cm and 159.1±8.7cm, respectively. Pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain was 20.5±4.0 kg/m2 and 9.8±3.7kg respectively. Mid-parental height and gestational weight gain were strongly correlated with neonatal growth and foetal intrauterine growth (p<0.05); however, the correlation peaked at 28 weeks of gestation (p<0.05). Gestational weight gain (B = 28.7, p = 0.001) and mid-parental height (B = 14.3, p = 0.001) were identified as strong determinants of foetal-intrauterine growth and neonatal anthropometry at birth. Maternal height was found to influence length of male neonate (B = 0.18, p = 0.001), whereas, paternal height influenced length of the female neonate (B = 0.11, p = 0.01). Parental socio-economic status, biometry and maternal gestational weight gain influence growth of the child starting from the intrauterine period. Our study underlines the need for interventions during pre-pregnancy, as well as during pregnancy, for optimal weight gain and improved foetal and neonatal outcomes.

Influence of socio-economic status on functional recovery after ARDS caused by SARS-CoV-2: the multicentre, observational RECOVIDS study

PurposeSurvivors after acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at high risk of developing respiratory sequelae and functional impairment. The healthcare crisis caused by the pandemic hit socially disadvantaged populations. We aimed to evaluate the influence of socio-economic status on respiratory sequelae after COVID-19 ARDS.MethodsWe carried out a prospective multicenter study in 30 French intensive care units (ICUs), where ARDS survivors were pre-enrolled if they fulfilled the Berlin ARDS criteria. For patients receiving high flow oxygen therapy, a flow ≥ 50 l/min and an FiO2 ≥ 50% were required for enrollment. Socio-economic deprivation was defined by an EPICES (Evaluation de la Précarité et des Inégalités de santé dans les Centres d’Examens de Santé - Evaluation of Deprivation and Inequalities in Health Examination Centres) score ≥ 30.17 and patients were included if they performed the 6-month evaluation. The primary outcome was respiratory sequelae 6 months after ICU discharge, defined by at least one of the following criteria: forced vital capacity < 80% of theoretical value, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide < 80% of theoretical value, oxygen desaturation during a 6-min walk test and fibrotic-like findings on chest computed tomography.ResultsAmong 401 analyzable patients, 160 (40%) were socio-economically deprived and 241 (60%) non-deprived; 319 (80%) patients had respiratory sequelae 6 months after ICU discharge (81% vs 78%, deprived vs non-deprived, respectively). No significant effect of socio-economic status was identified on lung sequelae (odds ratio (OR), 1.19 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72–1.97]), even after adjustment for age, sex, most invasive respiratory support, obesity, most severe P/F ratio (adjusted OR, 1.02 [95% CI 0.57–1.83]).ConclusionsIn COVID-19 ARDS survivors, socio-economic status had no significant influence on respiratory sequelae 6 months after ICU discharge.

Differences in Chinese Women's Understanding of Feminism: The Influence of Socioeconomic Status, Family and Education (Take Henan Province as an Example)

Although gender equality is a fundamental policy in China. However, gender inequality is still prevalent in daily life and work where women always suffer from gender discrimination. With the rapid development of the Internet in recent years, the issue of gender inequality has received more attention and has been more widely discussed. In order to safeguard the equal rights of Chinese women, feminists have consciously made their voices heard through the Internet and other channels. However, due to the fact that Chinese women's individual life circumstances are clearly differentiated and differently influenced by their own socio-economic status, family environment and education, it is necessary to understand the extent of Chinese women's recognition of feminism. This study will target women in H province and collect data through online questionnaires and interviews, including socioeconomic status, family background, education level, and understanding of feminism. This article uses a Likert scale for the research, Chi-square test, t-test and multiple regression analysis to analyze the quantitative data to determine the influence of SES, family and education on feminist awareness awakening among women in H region. As the third largest province in China in terms of resident population and the largest province in terms of household registration, the development potential of women in H region is evident to all. This study will systematically investigate H region women in H region understanding of feminism and explore the factors that influence Chinese women to have different levels of recognition of feminism, which can help unite women in their struggle to protect women's common rights. The study will improve our understanding of women's affirmative action and suggest more effective guidelines for women's affirmative action strategies.

Type of School as a Socioeconomic Indicator and its Impact on the Nutritional Status, School Performance, Self-Esteem of Basic School Students (10-12 Years Old) in Khartoum Locality, 2014

Adolescence, a critical phase of rapid physical, social, and psychological growth, encompasses individuals aged 10 to 19 years, Evaluating nutritional status for decades has involved standard methods like dietary, anthropometric, biochemical tests, and clinical signs, often incorporating socioeconomic status (SES) as a key determinant. The study aimed to assess the nutritional status of students (10-12 years old) attending three types of basic schools whose families’ SES was categorized according to school fees paid as high, medium and low. Methodology: This cross-sectional community-based study investigated the influence of family socioeconomic status (SES) on the nutritional status, school performance, and self-esteem of children aged 10-12 years attending basic schools 2014. 210 participants were chosen. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements and a questionnaire covering demography, dietary patterns, self-esteem assessments, and school performance obtained from schools. Statistical package for social sciences version 26 used for analysis. Result: Data from 210 students (45.2% boys, 54.8% girls) The findings revealed a significant impact of family SES (P=000) on nutritional status, energy and protein intake, school performance, and self-esteem. Low SES families had a higher prevalence of underweight children (66.7%), while high SES families had more overweight and obese children. Those from high SES consumed more animal foods, fast foods, fresh fruits, and vegetables compared to medium and low SES groups. High school grades were predominantly achieved by high and medium SES students, with low SES students obtaining lower grades. Normal-weight students exhibited better school performance and self-esteem than overweight, obese, and underweight students. In conclusion, family SES significantly influenced the nutritional status, school performance, and self-esteem of children attending basic schools. Recommendations, to ensure students' well-being, ..

Telemedicine in the Post-Pandemic Period: Understanding Patterns of Use and the Influence of Socioeconomic Demographics, Health Status, and Social Determinants.

Introduction: The rapid expansion of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic has transformed health care delivery. However, it remains unclear whether telemedicine utilization is equitable across different demographic groups and whether the high levels of adoption during the pandemic have persisted in the post-pandemic period. This study investigates telemedicine use and patterns of use in the initial phases of the post-pandemic period and explores the impact of socioeconomic factors, social determinants of health, and patients' health-related factors on telemedicine utilization. Methods: This study analyzes data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 6, comprising responses from 6,046 U.S. adults collected between March and November 2022. Results: Of 6,046 HINTS respondents, 39.3% (2,517 individuals) reported using telemedicine in the past year. Among telemedicine users, 18.5% used video visits, 12.08% used telephone-based telecare, and 8.72% used both. The main reasons for telehealth visits were minor illnesses (29.67%), chronic condition management (21.4%), annual visits (18.82%), mental and behavioral health concerns (15.72%), and medical emergencies (1.58%). Among non-users, only 17% (578 individuals) were offered telehealth visits, with privacy concerns (16.43%), preference for in-person consultation (84.42%), and difficulty using telemedicine technology (18.96%) being the main reasons for non-use. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations of social determinants, socioeconomic demographics, and health factors with telemedicine utilization. Women had a higher likelihood of using telemedicine (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09-1.78). Older adults showed lower inclination toward telemedicine. Married individuals were more likely to use telemedicine (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.06-1.72), while Whites (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.04-2.22) and Hispanics (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.17-2.75) had higher odds of utilizing telemedicine compared with non-Hispanic African Americans. Lack of reliable transportation (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.01-1.66), frequent provider visits (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.28-1.46), a higher number of chronic conditions (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.22-1.57), and residences in metropolitan locations were also associated with increased telemedicine usage. Greater satisfaction with internet connectivity positively influenced telemedicine utilization. Conclusions: This study highlights the continued preference for in-person visits among U.S. adults in the early post-pandemic period, despite the widespread use of telemedicine. Addressing barriers such as limited access, privacy concerns, technological difficulties, and demographic disparities is crucial for achieving equitable utilization of telemedicine.

Measuring categorisation in pre-school children: new toolkit, new insights

Introduction: whilst recent years have witnessed considerable research into infant categorisation, its development during the pre-school period has garnered far less interest and innovation. Objective: this paper documents the development of a valid and reliable new toolkit for measuring categorisation in children, designed to allow fine-grained differentiation through four short tasks. Methods: the paper outlines how a pilot study with 55 children reduced confounding variables, ruled out several explanations for performance variations and enabled procedural refinements. It then documents a study conducted with 190 children aged 30-60 months. Results: this more sophisticated testing mechanism challenges previously accepted developmental norms and suggests both sex and socio-economic status (and their interaction) influence categorisational abilities in pre-schoolers. Conclusion: the results indicate that preschool children’s ability to categorise varies markedly, with implications for their capacity to access formal education.

The Influences of Socioeconomic Status on Parental Educational Expectations: Mediating and Moderating Effects

Previous research found positive correlations among family socioeconomic status, parental educational expectations, and children’s academic performance. However, more research is needed to validate the mediation effects of teacher–parent communication on family socioeconomic status and parental educational expectations. Employing multilevel path analysis of SPSS, the present study aims to examine the mediating and moderating mechanisms between socioeconomic status and educational expectations by establishing a framework incorporating socioeconomic status, educational expectations, teacher–parent communication, and coronavirus anxiety. We create a large sample of K-12 school students’ parents from southeastern China (N = 4403). The findings show that socioeconomic status positively influences parental educational expectations, socioeconomic status influences educational expectations through teacher–parent communication and coronavirus anxiety moderates the effect of socioeconomic status on teacher–parent communication. This research highlights how teacher–parent communication reflects the relationship between socioeconomic status and educational expectations in Chinese families in the post-COVID-19 era. The practical implications of these findings for parents, teachers, and schools are discussed.

Effects of multimorbidity patterns and socioeconomic status on catastrophic health expenditure of widowed older adults in China.

The high multimorbidity and lower socioeconomic status (SES) of older adults, can lead to catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs) for older adults' households. However, whether widowed older adults will bear such a financial burden has yet to be explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of multimorbidity patterns and SES on CHE in Chinese widowed older adults. Data was obtained from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 1,721 widowed participants aged 60 years and older were enrolled in the study. Latent class analysis was performed based on 14 self-reported chronic diseases to identify multimorbidity patterns. The logistic model and Tobit model were used to analyze the influence of multimorbidity patterns and SES on the incidence and intensity of CHE, respectively. About 36.72% of widowed older adults generated CHE. The incidence and intensity of CHE were significantly higher in the cardiovascular class and multisystem class than in the minimal disease class in multimorbidity patterns (cardiovascular class, multisystem class, and minimal disease class). Among SES-related indicators (education, occupation and household per capita income), respondents with a middle school and above education level were more likely to generate CHE compared to those who were illiterate. Respondents who were in the unemployed group were more likely to generate CHE compared to agricultural workers. In addition, respondents aged 70-79 years old, geographically located in the east, having other medical insurance, or having fewer family members are more likely to generate CHE and have higher CHE intensity. Widowed older adults are at high risk for CHE, especially those in the cardiovascular and multisystem disease classes, and those with low SES. Several mainstream health insurances do not provide significant relief. In addition, attention should be paid to the high-risk characteristics associated with CHE. It is necessary to carry out the popularization of chronic disease knowledge, improve the medical insurance system and medical service level, and provide more policy preferences and social support to widowed older adults.

Influence of Peer Approval Seeking, Socio-Economic Status and Locus of Control on Academic Self-Handicapping Behaviour of Undergraduates in Oyo State, Nigeria

The study investigated the influence of peer approval seeking, socio-economic status and locus of control on academic self-handicapping behaviour of undergraduates in Oyo State Descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study and five universities were selected based on distribution of universities’ ownership. Three faculties were purposively selected with a study population of 3,415. Random sampling procedure was employed using a sampling percentage of 10% to give a sample size of 341. Questionnaire was the instrument used in the collection of data and data were analysed using simple percentage, correlation, independent sample t test and regression. Results revealed that the level of academic self-handicapping behaviour of undergraduates was moderate 2.27). There was significant positive relationship between peer approval seeking and academic self-handicapping behaviour (r = 0.314, p&lt;.05), socio-economic status (r = 0.379, p&lt;.05), and locus of control (r = 0.343, p&lt;.05). There was no significant difference in the academic self-handicapping behaviour of male and female undergraduates [t (339) = -2.03, p &gt; .05]. There was a significant joint contribution of peer approval seeking, socio- economic status and locus of control on academic self-handicapping behaviour of undergraduates, (F (3, 337) = 23.282, p&lt;0.05). There was significant relative contribution of socio-economic status (Beta = .226, t= 3.347, p&lt;0.05), peer approval seeking (Beta = .126, t= 2.081, p&lt;0.05) and locus of control (Beta = .135, t= 2.032, p&lt;0.05) on academic self-handicapping behaviour. It was recommended that every counselling and career unit of each university should implement an intervention package for students in order to reduce self-handicapping behaviour that may impinge on the academic success of the students.