Influence Of Social Relationships Research Articles

The influence of social relationships on substance use behaviors among pregnant women with opioid use disorder

ObjectiveTo describe the social network characteristics of pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD) and explore how changes in social relationships during pregnancy may influence substance use behaviors. MethodsBetween 2017 and 2018, we conducted an exploratory pilot study among 50 pregnant women with OUD. Participants completed a detailed social network inventory to describe the behaviors (e.g. substance-using), social support characteristics (e.g. financial, emotional, informational) and roles (e.g. family member, friend) of network members. The primary outcome was a self-reported decrease in substance use during pregnancy. Pearson correlations were used to test for associations between covariates reflecting different aspects of participants’ social networks and decreased substance use during pregnancy. ResultsMost participants (84.0 %) decreased substance use during pregnancy and stated that pregnancy motivated them to engage in treatment (94.0 %). Participants had a median of 8 (IQR: 4−18) network members with differing proportions of those who did and did not use substances. Pregnancy prompted participants to significantly increase contact with (26.4 % vs. 5.0 %), have increased support from (35.7 % vs. 7.5 %), and a have a feeling of increased closeness with (26.1 % vs. 3.3 %) network members who did not use substances. However, decreased substance use during pregnancy was most strongly (negatively) associated with the proportion of network members who used substances and provided informational support (r=-0.25, p = 0.08) and a feeling of closeness (r=-0.26, p = 0.08). ConclusionsOur findings indicate that pregnancy has a profound influence on women’s substance use behaviors and that changes in social relationships due to pregnancy may influence substance use.

Utilising dyads in medicines optimisation and illness management research.

There has been much growth in the interest in and use of family-level and dyadic level theories and methodologies to explore the influence of social relationships on health and the influence of health on social relationships. Social relationships include those with romantic partners, friends, siblings, children and care professionals these individuals play a significant role in the physical health, mental health and well-being of a patient. An important part of this includes medicines optimisation and illness management. Studying health and well-being and consideration of both partners in the context of these close social relationships is clearly important in health research; as such both partners become the unit of study - also known as a dyad. The aim of this paper is to provide an introduction and overview as to how dyads might be used in medicines optimisation and illness management research. This aim will be achieved through the following objectives: dyadic study designs used in health research; some of the challenges that can occur in recruitment and data collection and strategies that can be used to overcome them; dyadic data analysis: some methodological and substantive considerations that require consideration when using dyadic data analysis.

Stability of Peer Acceptance and Rejection and Their Effect on Academic Performance in Primary Education: A Longitudinal Research

The objectives of this study were to analyze the evolution of peer relationships and academic performance and the effect of the former on the latter in primary education, differentiating between positive and negative relationships. To this end, the likes and dislikes received by each student from his/her classmates were measured at four time points between first and sixth grades, as well as the marks given by their teachers in the subjects of mathematics and Spanish language. One-hundred-sixty-nine students (52.7% girls) from 10 classes of five public schools participated in this study. To verify the objectives, we used a complex structural equation model, obtained from a combination of two autoregressive models (AR, one for social preferences and another one for academic performance), two multi-trait multi-method models (MTMM, one for acceptances and rejections and another one for academic performance in mathematics and Spanish language), and an effects model of social preferences on academic performance. This study confirms: (a) The stability of both peer relationships and academic performance throughout childhood; (b) the stable influence of social relationships on academic performance; and (c) the importance of considering acceptance and rejection differentially. This work reveals the failure of the school to address initial disadvantages, and it provides guidelines for early and inclusive interventions.

The influence of peer and coach relationships in after-school sports on perceptions of school climate

Objective: Sport is an important source of physical, social and emotional health and well-being among children. Sports participation at school may provide young people with the opportunity to build interpersonal skills and develop supportive social relationships with peers and adults, which may translate to positive experiences during the school day. School climate represents the relationships, values and beliefs within a school system and is associated with positive social, emotional and psychological health outcomes. This research examines the influence of social relationships developed during an after-school sports programme on indicators of school climate. Method: Students in grades 4–8 ( n = 230) at a school in Phoenix (Arizona) completed an online survey to measure perceptions of peer and coach relationships in after-school sports and indicators of school climate in the form of engagement with students, teachers and the school itself and perceptions of the school environment. Associations between sports relationships and school engagement and environment were examined through structural equation modelling (SEM). Results: Feeling coaches care about players and feeling like part of a team were positively associated with reported levels of school engagement. Feeling like other students shared similar values during sports, feeling a sense of belonging and feeling that coaches cared were associated with positive perceptions of school environment. Conclusion: Participation in an after-school sports programme can provide an opportunity for young people to develop positive social relationships with peers and coaches which may contribute to positive perceptions of the learning environment and student engagement during the school day. Findings support efforts to increase opportunities and accessibility to sports during the school day.

Influence of Social Relationships on Decisions in Device-to-Device Communication

Device-to-device (D2D) communication is an innovative solution for improving wireless network performance to efficiently handle the ever-increasing mobile data traffic. Communication takes place directly between two devices that are in each other's transmission range. So far, research has focused on the technical challenges of implementing this technology and assumes a user's general willingness to participate as forwarder in this technology. However, this simplifying assumption is not realistic, as willingness to participate in D2D communication can vary depending on the user. In this work, we consider the scenario that a user can act as a forwarder for a receiver who is not directly or insufficiently reached by the base station and accordingly has no or poor Internet connection. We take a user-centric approach and investigate the willingness to provide an Internet connection as a forwarder. We are the first to investigate user preferences for D2D communication using a choice-based conjoint analysis. Our results, based on a representative sample of potential users (N = 181), show that the social relationship between the potential forwarder and the receiver has the greatest impact on the potential forwarder's decision to provide an Internet connection to the receiver, accepting sacrifices in terms of additional battery consumption and reduced own service performance. In a detailed segment analysis, we observe significant preference differences depending on smartphone usage behavior and user age. Taking the corresponding preferences into account when matching forwarders and receivers can further increase technology adoption.

The link between self-esteem and social relationships: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

Theorists have long assumed that people's self-esteem and social relationships influence each other. However, the empirical evidence has been inconsistent, creating substantial uncertainty about whether relationships are in fact an influential factor in self-esteem development and vice versa. This meta-analysis synthesizes the available longitudinal data on the prospective effect of social relationships on self-esteem (48 samples including 46,231 participants) and the prospective effect of self-esteem on social relationships (35 samples including 21,995 participants). All effects controlled for prior levels of the outcomes. Results showed that relationships and self-esteem reciprocally predict each other over time with similar effect sizes (β = .08 in both directions). Moderator analyses suggested that the effects held across sample characteristics such as mean age, gender, ethnicity, and time lag between assessments, except for the self-esteem effect on relationships, which was moderated by type of relationship partner (stronger for general relationships than for specific partners) and relationship reporter (stronger for self-reported than for informant-reported relationship characteristics). The findings support assumptions of classic and contemporary theories on the influence of social relationships on self-esteem and on the consequences of self-esteem for the relationship domain. In sum, the findings suggest that the link between people's social relationships and their level of self-esteem is truly reciprocal in all developmental stages across the life span, reflecting a positive feedback loop between the constructs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

How engineering designers’ social relationships influence green design intention: The roles of personal norms and voluntary instruments

Engineering designers are crucial professionals to put green principles into practice to improve the green performance of engineering projects. The social context and personal values of designers are more likely to stimulate their initiative and voluntary conduct for green design and induce more persistent behavior changes. Thus, this research, from a social-psychological perspective, investigated how designers’ social relationships work on green design intention by assessing the roles of personal norms and voluntary instruments. Then, using the data collected by a questionnaire survey, Partial-Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was employed to validate theoretical hypotheses. The results show that designers’ social relationships positively correlate with their green design intention and personal norms, and personal norms partially mediate the relationship between social relationships and green design intention. Furthermore, the strong effectiveness of voluntary instruments helps strengthen the influence of social relationships on green design intention. The findings of this study imply that enhancing social relationships is an effective way to activate designers’ personal norms and encourage their green intention and that appropriately utilizing voluntary instruments is also beneficial. This research is valuable for the green development of the engineering design industry.

Development of a Systematic Text Annotation Standard to Extract Social Support Information form Electronic Medical Records.

The influence of social relationships on mortality is comparable with that of standard clinical factors. In order to extract this information via supervised NLP algorithms, clinical notes have to be annotated manually. At present we did not find any systematic annotation standards to extract social support. In this work, we developed a systematic text annotation standard to detect social support in couples from electronic medical records.

The Influence of Social Relationship on Adaptive and Maladaptive Game Use

The Influence of Social Relationship on Adaptive and Maladaptive Game Use

Citizen engagement with open government data

PurposeCitizen engagement is key to the success of many Open Government Data (OGD) initiatives. However, not much is known regarding how this type of engagement emerges. This study aims to investigate the necessary conditions for the emergence of citizen-led engagement with OGD and to identify which factors stimulate this type of engagement.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the authors created a systematic overview of the literature to develop a conceptual model of conditions and factors of OGD citizen engagement at the societal, organizational and individual level. Second, the authors used the conceptual model to systematically study citizens’ engagement in the case of a particular OGD initiative, namely, the digitization of presidential election results data in Indonesia in 2014. The authors used multiple information sources, including interviews and documents, to explore the conditions and factors of OGD citizen-led engagement in this case.FindingsFrom the literature the authors identified five conditions for the emergence of OGD citizen-led engagement as follows: the availability of a legal and political framework that grants a mandate to open up government data, sufficient budgetary resources allocated for OGD provision, the availability of OGD feedback mechanisms, citizens’ perceived ease of engagement and motivated citizens. In the literature, the authors found six factors contributing to OGD engagement as follows: democratic culture, the availability of supporting institutional arrangements, the technical factors of OGD provision, the availability of citizens’ resources, the influence of social relationships and citizens’ perceived data quality. Some of these conditions and factors were found to be less important in the studied case, namely, citizens’ perceived ease of engagement and citizens’ perceived data quality. Moreover, the authors found several new conditions that were not mentioned in the studied literature, namely, citizens’ sense of urgency, competition among citizen-led OGD engagement initiatives, the diversity of citizens’ skills and capabilities and the intensive use of social media. The difference between the conditions and factors that played an important role in the case and those derived from the literature review might be because of the type of OGD engagement that the authors studied, namely, citizen-led engagement, without any government involvement.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are derived using a single case study approach. Future research can investigate multiple cases and compare the conditions and factors for citizen-led engagement with OGD in different contexts.Practical implicationsThe conditions and factors for citizen-led engagement with OGD have been evaluated in practice and discussed with public managers and practitioners through interviews. Governmental organizations should prioritize and stimulate those conditions and factors that enhance OGD citizen engagement to create more value with OGD.Originality/valueWhile some research on government-led engagement with OGD exists, there is hardly any research on citizen-led engagement with OGD. This study is the first to develop a conceptual model of necessary conditions and factors for citizen engagement with OGD. Furthermore, the authors applied the developed multilevel conceptual model to a case study and gathered empirical evidence of OGD engagement and its contributions to solving societal problems, rather than staying at the conceptual level. This research can be used to investigate citizen engagement with OGD in other cases and offers possibilities for systematic cross-case lesson-drawing.

The influence of social relationships on outcomes in mathematics when using peer tutoring in elementary school

Reciprocal peer tutoring in mathematics was conducted with 487, ten to twelve year-old students from 20 elementary schools in three different school districts. The peer tutoring technique, a form of paired mathematics, placed specific emphasis on mediation through strategic metacognition between tutor and tutee. Student mathematics attainment significantly increased using this technique (Effect Size=+0.43). Student perception of the social status of their tutoring partner influenced attainment outcomes. Greatest mathematics attainment gains were predicted by having a higher opinion of the cognitive ability of students’ mathematics tutoring partner and by having a mathematics tutoring partner that you believed was less popular. After peer tutoring, students showed increased social relationships in and out of school. Gains in social relationships were indicative of a more inclusive classroom being developed. The implications for theory, policy, practice and future research are discussed.

Social Capital, Relational Goods, and Terms and Level of Exchange

A growing body of literature emphasizes the influence of social relationships of sympathy/empathy, trust, and regard—social capital, on the terms and level of economic transactions. This paper aims to clarify the relationship between social motivations and economic decision-making. Using primary data on the motives for 4180 economic transactions, this study supports the notion that economic transactions often depend on social relationship related motives, which are often neglected in traditional economic analysis. Relative to commodity transactions such as the purchase of gasoline motivated mostly by own-consumption considerations, relational goods transactions such as getting a haircut, voting, and recycling depend more on social capital related motives. The evidence from this study suggests that neoclassical economic models fit well when describing exchanges of commodities in a monetary market transaction but might be misleading when applied to economic transactions where selfish motives play a less significant role in the exchange. Furthermore, our evidence provides additional support to the notion that motives vary across exchange activities in a manner consistent with the nature of the transaction.

Perceived social support mediates the association between attachment and cardiovascular reactivity in young adults.

To understand the influence of social relationships on cardiovascular responses to stress, the present study investigated perceived affectionate support as a mediating variable explaining the association between specific attachment bonds (i.e., mother, father, partner, best friend) and cardiovascular reactivity (CVR). Utilizing a standardized stress testing protocol, 138 young adults completed measures of attachment and social support, with continuous cardiovascular measurements obtained using the Finometer Pro hemodynamic monitor. Results showed that the association between anxious and avoidant attachment and reactivity were mediated by perceived affectionate support; insecure attachment was linked to lower levels of perceived social support, which in turn was associated with lower CVR. For anxious attachment, this was noted only for mothers (SBP: B=-0.94, 95% CI [-1.94, -0.20]; DBP: B=-0.57, [-1.27, -0.10]), fathers (SBP: B=-0.72, [-1.42, -0.17]; DBP: B=-0.48, [-1.01, -0.13]), and best friends (SBP: B=-0.64, [-1.23, -0.18]; DBP: B=-0.40, [-0.81, -0.12]). For avoidant attachment, it was evident only for fathers (SBP: B=-0.70, [-1.33, -0.17]; DBP: B=-0.48, [-0.92, -0.15]) and partners (SBP: B=-0.78, [-1.64, -0.09]; DBP: B=-0.53, [-1.10, -0.11]). These findings suggest that insecure attachment is associated with lower levels of reactivity, which have been linked to negative health outcomes such as poor self-reported health, depression, and obesity. Overall, this research expands on the support and relationship science literature by incorporating under-researched aspects of social relationships (i.e., specific attachment styles) and focusing on the mechanisms by which they are associated with physiological stress responses.

The Influence of Social Relationships on Men's Weight

ObjectiveTo explore how men's social relationships influence their dietary, physical activity, and weight loss intentions and behaviors. DesignQualitative study using semistructured interviews. SettingOne county in the southwest of England. ParticipantsMen (n = 19) aged 18–60 years with a body mass index ≥24 kg/m2 who were otherwise healthy. Phenomenon of InterestMen's perceptions of dieting, physical activity and weight loss, and how social relationships influence these behaviors. AnalysisInterviews were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded line by line using NVivo software. Themes and subthemes were inductively generated using thematic analysis. ResultsFour themes were derived: (1) how experiences shape beliefs, (2) being a proper bloke, (3) adapting to family life, and (4) support from outside the home. Men discussed how partners were a greater influence on diet than physical activity. Attitudes toward diet and physical activity were influenced by life events such as becoming a father. It was framed as acceptable for men to talk to their friends about exercise and food intake in general, but they emphasized that this was not for “support.” Conclusions and ImplicationsFamily members were key influences on men's behaviors. Future qualitative research could include interviews with men's families. Findings may inform family weight loss interventions.

Factors Influencing The Readiness Of Government Financial Personnel In Migrating Towards Accrual Accounting

Jordan’s migration towards accrual accounting is aimed at to be completed by year 2021, being as one of its government’s fiscal reform steps. However, this process is not progressing well within the government of Jordan due to the lack of improvement in performance. It is important to prepare the government’s financial personnel for the migration in order to ensure a successful migration process. Moreover, individual readiness factors associated with the acceptance or rejection of migration towards accrual accounting should be considered before the actual migration process takes place. Thus, this research aims to address the influence of social relationships at the workplace and job satisfaction on the readiness of Jordanian government financial personnel to determine their reaction regarding the migration towards accrual accounting. Following the quantitative method, the researcher distributed 375 questionnaires to the government financial personnel working in the Jordanian Ministry of Finance (JMOF), and a total of 331 questionnaires were returned, hence achieving a 88% response rate. The results of the research indicate a positive significant association between social relationships at the workplace/ job satisfaction and the readiness of Jordanian government financial personnel to migrate towards accrual accounting. Several limitations and potential areas for future studies are discussed in the last section of the paper.

Social Ambivalence and Disease (SAD): A Theoretical Model Aimed at Understanding the Health Implications of Ambivalent Relationships

The protective influence of social relationships on health is widely documented; however, not all relationships are positive, and negative aspects of relationships may be detrimental. Much less is known about the relationships characterized by both positivity and negativity (i.e., ambivalence). This article provides a theoretical framework for considering the influence of ambivalent relationships on physical health, including reasons why ambivalence should be considered separately from relationships characterized as primarily positive (supportive) or primarily negative (aversive). We introduce the social ambivalence and disease (SAD) model as a guide to understanding the social psychological antecedents, processes, and consequences of ambivalent relationships. We conclude by highlighting gaps in the literature and features of the SAD model that may serve as a guide to future research on potential health-relevant pathways of ambivalent relationships.

El potencial de la percepción social aplicada al análisis de la vulnerabilidad en planificación urbana

Today, the role of the social perception of urban space is scarce in the documents that guide the adequate integration of the urban development of cities. A better understanding of the influence of social relationships within the city allows new knowledge to be brought to the underlying mechanisms of vulnerability and social exclusion in the urban space. This work focuses on studying the relationship between the quantitative approach of current urban vulnerability reports and a qualitative approach based on social perception, developed within the framework of the Social Risk Map of Zaragoza (Spain) research project between 2014-2017. The cartographical analysis shows that the risk of social isolation is not greater unequivocally in the areas currently characterized as vulnerable and reveals the importance of this type of research for city and urban planning activities.

Social security: less socially connected marmots produce noisier alarm calls

The nonlinearity and fear hypothesis predicts that the structure of alarm vocalizations will be influenced by the signaller's internal state. Specifically, stressed or otherwise more aroused individuals will produce alarm calls that are relatively more nonlinear (i.e. they sound noisier). The position of an individual in a social network can influence an individual's sense of security. More centrally located individuals may feel more secure and thus we might expect that they would produce noisier calls. Building on previous research about the influence of social relationships on an individual's sense of security, we asked whether social network position explained variation in the noisiness (quantified as Wiener entropy) and goodness of pitch of alarm calls produced by trapped yellow-bellied marmots, Marmota flaviventer. More socially isolated individuals, characterized by lower instrength, produced alarm calls with higher entropy and higher goodness of pitch. These isolated individuals may be more aroused because they have fewer social partners to depend on when presented with a predatory threat; therefore, they produce both noisy and potentially louder calls. Additionally, individuals with higher outcloseness produced calls with higher goodness of pitch, which may be indicative of their ability to better inform neighbours of impending threats. Overall, this study further illustrates how an individual's social network position influences the structure of its alarm calls, which could reflect how individuals perceive their current safety levels.

THE INFLUENCE OF SELF-ESTEEM AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS TOWARDS THE DEBT BEHAVIOUR

Debt culture is considered synonym amongst the low income household group. There are researches that indicate that loans amongst the low income household group, is not only with the purpose of fulfilling basic needs, but also for higher needs. If we explored from the hierarchy needs that introduced by Maslow (1954), there are five levels of needs required to be fulfilled, including social needs and self-esteem. According to the Maslow theory, individuals who can fulfill all of their needs is considered a healthy person, whereas those who are unable to fulfill their needs is at risk of being unhealthy or maybe sick in the human dimension. Therefore,humans in their effort to fulfil needs and desire would always find the best solution, even if they have to be in debt. Due to the passing of time, being in debt to fulfill a higher need is considered to be fair. Therefore, this research is conducted to observe the influence of social relationships and self-esteem towards the purchase of non-essential needs and the intention to add more debt among low-income groups in the plantation sector in Sabah. The word tahsiniyyat used in this study refer to non-basic expenses which is a requirement of the form of comfort and beauty. By using a questionnaire, we get 378 responses from low-income household individuals. The data analysis was carried out through Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLSSEM) techniques by using the SmartPLS 2.0 M3 software. The results were statistically demonstrated their positive significant relationships between social relationships and selfesteem towards debt spending of tahsiniyyat needs and debt intention. This research is very beneficial in predicting debt behaviour among low-income group and useful to the monetary policy maker in order to implement the policy and assist this group. A few policy implications as well as suggestions were also discussed in this research.

How Social Relationships Influence Substance Use Disorder Recovery: A Collaborative Narrative Study.

Individuals with a substance use disorder (SUD) often have fewer social support network resources than those without SUDs. This qualitative study examined the role of social relationships in achieving and maintaining stable recovery after many years of SUD. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants, each of whom had been diagnosed with a SUD and each of whom had been abstinent for at least 5 years. A resource group of peer consultants in long-term recovery from SUDs contributed to the study planning, preparation, and initial analyses. The relationship that most participants described as helpful for initiating abstinence was recognition by a peer or a caring relationship with a service provider or sibling. These findings suggest that, to reach and maintain abstinence, it is important to maintain positive relationships and to engage self-agency to protect oneself from the influences of negative relationships. Substance use disorder service providers should increase the extent to which they involve the social networks of clients when designing new treatment approaches. Service providers should also focus more on individualizing services to meet their clients on a personal level, without neglecting professionalism or treatment strategies.