Influence Of Situational Factors Research Articles

Influencing Factors and Impact of Emotion Regulation

Emotion regulation refers to the process of regulating and controlling emotions through cognition, emotion and behavior when individuals face different situations. Emotion regulation is a form of human self-control that helps individuals better adapt to their social and life environment. This paper mainly studies the factors that affect emotion regulation strategies. Through a review of these papers, the researcher finds that emotion-related processes change with age. When looking up the articles about the relationship between emotion and age, it is also found that in addition to age, there are many factors affecting the regulation of emotion. Such as mental illness, environmental, background factors, etc. Studies have found that the efficiency of emotional regulation improves with age, and studies have shown differences in emotional expression between boys and girls. In addition, the influence of situational factors on emotion regulation is multifaceted. This article comprehensively considers the influence of different factors on emotion regulation, and provides relevant viewpoints for the study of the mechanism of emotion regulation.

Risky business: medical students' feedback-seeking behaviours: a mixed methods study.

There are differing views on how learners' feedback-seeking behaviours (FSB) develop during training. With globalisation has come medical student migration and programme internationalisation. Western-derived educational practices may prove challenging for diverse learner populations. Exploring undergraduate activity using a model of FSB may give insight into how FSB evolves and the influence of situational factors, such as nationality and site of study. Our findings seek to inform medical school processes that support feedback literacy. Using a mixed methods approach, we collected questionnaire and interview data from final-year medical students in Ireland, Bahrain, and Malaysia. A validated questionnaire investigated relationships with FSB and goal orientation, leadership style preference, and perceived costs and benefits. Interviews with the same student population explored their FSB experiences in clinical practice, qualitatively, enriching this data. The data were integrated using the 'following the thread' technique. Three hundred and twenty-five of a total of 514 completed questionnaires and 57 interviews were analysed. Learning goal orientation (LGO), instrumental leadership and supportive leadership related positively to perceived feedback benefits (0.23, 0.2, and 0.31, respectively, p < 0.05). Perceived feedback benefits are related positively to feedback monitoring and inquiry (0.13 and 0.38, respectively, p < 0.05). The personal cost of feedback is unsupported in quantitative data, but was a strong theme in interviews, as was feedback avoidance, peer feedback, and unsupportive learning environment. No differences were observed across sub-groups based on gender, study site, or student nationality. Integrated analysis describes FSB: avoiding 'unsafe' feedback (first, do no harm) and overcoming barriers (beat the system) and goal-centred curation (shop around) to optimise benefits. Diverse medical students across three continents undertake FSB with careful navigation, as a valued but risky business, that is highly contextualised. Promoting a constructive FSB is complex. Overcoming outdated theory and practices on the wards remains a challenge to psychologically safe, learner-centred feedback.

Situational factors affecting abstinence from drugs: Panel data analysis of patients with drug use disorders in residential drug use treatment.

To identify situational factors that can predict drug abstention in patients with drug use disorders undergoing residential drug use treatment. Patients with drug use disorders admitted to drug addiction rehabilitation centers (DARCs) in 2016 were involved in this study. Longitudinal panel data were used, with eight follow-up surveys over 6 years, approximately every 6 months. Of the 2752 samples from the eight follow-up surveys, 2293 were analyzed as the complete panel data set. The primary outcome was drug abstention for approximately 6 months. The influences of situational factors during this period on the primary outcome were also assessed using a generalized linear mixed model in which inter-individual differences were controlled as variable effects. The use of residential DARCs positively influenced the primary outcome (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.79-6.21) when compared to no DARC usage. The cessation of drinking also positively affected the primary outcome (AOR 3.10, 95% CI 1.79-4.62), while employment status (AOR 2.22, 95% CI 1.12-4.41) and the cessation of drinking (AOR 4.92, 95% CI 2.77-8.72) positively impacted the primary outcomes of patients not using DARCs. The use of residential DARCs and the cessation of drinking positively affected drug abstention rates. Employment and the cessation of drinking for patients who were not using the DARCs also had a positive effect. This information will aid in the development of social recovery strategies for people with drug use disorders.

User acceptance and adoption dynamics of ChatGPT in educational settings

Recent developments in natural language understanding have sparked a great amount of interest in the large language models such as ChatGPT that contain billions of parameters and are trained for thousands of hours on all the textual data of the internet. ChatGPT has received immense attention because it has widespread applications, which it is able to do out-of-the-box, with no prior training or fine-tuning. These models show emergent skill and can perform virtually any textual task and provide glimmers, or “sparks”, of artificial general intelligence, in the form of a general problem solver as envisioned by Newell and Simon in the early days of artificial intelligence research. Researchers are now exploring the opportunities of ChatGPT in education. Yet, the factors influencing and driving users’ acceptance of ChatGPT remains largely unexplored. This study investigates users’ (n=138) acceptance of ChatGPT. We test a structural model developed using Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model. The study reveals that performance expectancy is related to behavioral intention, which in turn is related to ChatGPT use. Findings are discussed within the context of mass adoption and the challenges and opportunities for teaching and learning. The findings provide empirical grounding to support understanding of technology acceptance decisions through the lens of students’ use of ChatGPT and further document the influence of situational factors on technology acceptance more broadly. This research contributes to body of knowledge and facilitates future research on digital innovation acceptance and use.

The influence of situational factors on changes in mental state, depending on the level of development of reflection (using the example of students’ educational activities)

When considering the determinants of mental state, the most relevant research appears to be the study of the “situation — mental state” relationship, since this relationship opens up opportunities for understanding the underlying mechanisms of determination and regulation of mental states in situations of life. In this context, the consideration of the category of situation as an element in the structure of mental phenomena remains poorly studied. At the same time, the success of student learning depends on a well-structured educational situation, as a structural unit of educational activity, which includes: diverse factors, mental states of students, their characterological characteristics, etc. Studying the role of the influence of situational factors on the mental states of students in the learning process, it is noted that in different educational situations, factors influencing the mental state are given indirect significance. Based on this, the purpose of this article was to consider the influence of situational factors on changes in state, depending on the level of development of reflection, using the example of students’ educational activities. The empirical study was conducted in two real learning situations (lecture and exam), where the lesson was interrupted and respondents were asked to answer Вестник СПбГУ. Психология. 2024. Т. 14. Вып. 3 559 methodological questions. 130 respondents took part in the study: 98 girls and 32 boys. All students are 1st and 2nd year psychologists whose average age was 21 years. Research methods included logical-theoretical analysis of scientific literature, a testing method and, at the stage of processing the results, methods of mathematical statistics. It was revealed that in a lecture situation states of low levels of mental activity are experienced; in an exam situation — highlevel states. It has been established that in a lecture situation, the following factors influence the change in the mental state of low-reflective and highly reflective respondents: “Social interaction”, “Action and behavior”. In an exam situation respondents with a high level of reflection are influenced by the “Bodily manifestations” factor.

High Self-Efficacy and Precrastination: Task Order Choices Based on Deadline Proximity

The concept of &amp;lsquo;precrastination&amp;rsquo; as opposed to procrastination has emerged. Precrastination describes scenarios where individuals initiate tasks sooner, even when at a cost or extra effort, to possibly alleviate cognitive load. Recent literature has explored the merits of delaying or promptly addressing aversive tasks. When confronted with aversive tasks, conventional wisdom suggests addressing them immediately. Recent research has underscored the advantages of prompt task completion, even if it incurs additional costs. Nevertheless, the optimal task order remains elusive. Moreover, the influence of situational factors and individual differences on task sequencing is not fully understood. This study specifically examined the interaction between the proximity of deadlines and self-efficacy to clarify their combined effects on task order preferences. Results indicated that individuals with high self-efficacy tend to start with their preferred task when the deadline is distant but conduct aversive tasks first when the deadline is imminent. This paper suggests that people with high self-efficacy strategically sequence tasks, optimizing efficiency based on situational demands.

The importance of personal norms and situational expectancies to sustainable behaviors: The norm activation and situational expectancy-value theories

The turn towards sustainability is becoming more critical in every sector, but consumers' lifestyles and behaviors have been slow to transform. Therefore, based on the norm activation model and situational expectancy-value theory, this study investigated the importance of personal norms and the influences of situational factors on sustainable behaviors. A total of 1050 responses obtained through an online survey method were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL. The results revealed that situational factors, such as acceptability of policies, accessibility of facilities, sacrificeability of prices, and environmental activism, can either facilitate or hinder recycling practices and responsible consumption behaviors. Personal norms are a determinant for sustainable behavior. Future research can extend the findings of this study to compare the most and least sustainable states or countries to determine effective interventions for encouraging sustainable behaviors.

Study on The Influence of Situational Factors of E-commerce Live Broadcasting on Consumers’ Impulse Buying Behavior

Based on SOR theory, the situational factors of e-commerce live streaming are sorted out, and the influence of the information processing process of e-commerce live streaming viewers on impulse buying behavior is studied. To verify the research hypothesis, 246 valid questionnaires were collected, and SPSS software was used for empirical analysis. The results show that flow experience has a significant impact on user cognition and behavior. In addition to the factors of anchors themselves, other viewers have a significant impact on users’ cognitive attitude and emotional attitude.

Decline in Running Performance in Highest-Level Soccer: Analysis of the UEFA Champions League Matches.

Simple SummaryHighest-level soccer players reduce match running performance towards the end of matches, with TD being greater reduced than HIR. As players do not reduce their MRP in the latest stages of the second half, and that influence of situational factors was not observed, it seems that the decline of match running performance in highest-level soccer may not be a consequence of fatigue or situational factors but of pacing strategies.It is widely recognized that there is a decline in match running performance (MRP) towards the end of matches. To clarify whether it is primarily a consequence of fatigue, pacing or situational influences, this study aimed to examine MRP across 15-min match periods for players on different playing positions. Players’ MRP (n = 244) were examined from the UEFA Champions League matches (n = 20) using a semiautomatic optical tracking system. Linear mixed models for repeated measures were adjusted to analyze MRP over the six 15-min match periods while controlling the influence of situational factors. No effects of match outcome, match location, team, and opponent quality on total distance (TD) and high-intensity running (HIR) for players in all playing positions were found (F = 0.03–2.75; all p > 0.05). Significant differences in TD (F = 17.57–53.01; η2 = 0.39–0.52, all large effect sizes) and HIR (F = 3.67–7.64; η2 = 0.05–0.19, small to medium effect sizes) among six 15-minute match periods were found for players in all playing positions. In addition, players in all playing positions covered less TD (d = 1.41–2.15, large to very large effect sizes) and HIR (d = 0.16–0.6, trivial to medium effect sizes) in the last compared to the first 15-min match period. No differences in TD and HIR between the last two match periods in the second half were observed. This study confirmed that soccer players reduce MRP towards the end of matches, and suggest that the decline of MPR in highest-level soccer may be a consequence of pacing strategies.

Research on the Intelligent Career Framework: Where We Are and Where We Go from Here

The intelligent career framework emerged more than two decades ago when careers began to shift from long-term and secure to temporary and uncertain. Based on this framework, in taking career ownership, individuals develop knowing-why, knowing-how, and knowing-whom competencies that transcend any single employer. We synthesize previous research on this framework and develop a process model that unpacks how career actors make sense of the three ways of knowing in encountering career events and under the influence of situational factors. It also demonstrates the accumulation of the three ways of knowing through the links among them, based on which individuals enact and achieve sensemaking outcomes. Our review suggests directions for future research and has practical implications for career actors and organizations.

The empirical analysis of human capital competences on the example of company executives

Motivation: Diagnosing the competences of human capital is a complex process, involving many approaches and steps leading to the recognition of the entire problem situations of the organization and its employees. Due to the increasingly higher and ever-growing position of the human capital formation system in the overall process of managing an organization, the analysis and diagnosis of management competencies is a process of particular importance. In the era of the knowledge-based economy, employee competencies are the key to competitive advantage. An important issue, therefore, is the constant monitoring of managers attitudes to improve their competences and conducting a systematic analysis of their component structure.&#x0D; Aim: This article aims objective of developing a factor structure of the rational dimension of management competencies based on knowledge, skills, and comprehension. Due to this objective, the factor structure of the knowledge and skills that managers have was determined. The practical level of self-assessment of the rational components of competence from the point of view of the influence of situational factors was also determined.&#x0D; Results: A questionnaire, an interview and literature studies were used for the research carried out in 2019–2020. The questionnaire was addressed to 282 employees of enterprises in the Lubusz Voivodeship of Poland. This allowed determining the degree of managers determination expressed in the need to adjust the competence potential they have to changeable situational factors.

How Individual and Situational Factors Influence Measures of Affective and Cognitive Theory of Mind in Psychiatric Inpatients.

Mental disorders are associated with difficulties to correctly infer the mental states of other’s (theory of mind; ToM). These inferences either relate to affective states of others (affective ToM) or to their thoughts, intentions, or beliefs (cognitive ToM) and can be associated with mental disorder. The current study explores the influence of individual and situational effects on the measurement of ToM abilities within two clinical samples, to increase generalizability. We analyzed data from 229 in-patients; 103 patients treated for alcohol use disorder and 126 patients treated for a personality disorder. ToM was assessed with the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC). We analyzed changes in test performance over the course of the test using a logistic linear mixed effects model. Performance on the cognitive ToM items decreased over time, while performance on the affective ToM items increased over time. This difference was more pronounced among older individuals. The results show important moderators of ToM performance that might help to resolve inconsistencies in the current literature about ToM abilities in different clinical or age groups.

Confusing Context with Character: Correspondence Bias in Economic Interactions

When drawing inferences about a person’s personal characteristics from the person’s actions, “correspondence bias” is the tendency to overestimate the influence of those characteristics and underestimate the influence of situational factors, such as incentives the individual faces. We build a simple framework to formalize correspondence bias and test its predictions in an online experiment. Consistent with correspondence bias, subjects are, on average, willing to pay to receive the dictator-game givings of an individual with whom they are randomly assigned to play a game that encourages cooperation rather than one with whom they play a game that encourages selfish behavior. We show, further, that experiencing both games oneself, as opposed to playing one and observing the other, reduces the bias, and receiving information about how each of the players behaved in both games eliminates it. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: Y. Liu acknowledges financial support from the Einstein Foundation [Grant EVF-2018-426]. Supplemental Material: Data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4384 .

To Publish or Not to Publish? Assessing Journalism Ethics in News about a Terrorist Attack

ABSTRACT This article compares how the Swedish public and journalists assessed the ethical aspects of harmful exposure and dissemination of unverified information in news reporting of the 2017 terrorist attack in Stockholm. The analysis derives from comparable web surveys with 1092 journalists and 3881 citizens who answered identical questions about the attack. Focus is placed on ethics as an expression of journalistic practice and the influence of situational factors on ethical assessments. The findings demonstrate an overall similarity between the public’s and journalists’ assessments of ethical judgments made in the news reporting, but also notable differences. Furthermore, significant differences were found between journalists who had personal experience of reporting on the terrorist attack and those who did not. One conclusion is that the public assesses ethical decisions based on information aspects more than do journalists, while the opposite is true for considerations of personal integrity. The main contribution of this study is that it adds to previous research on the influence of organisational and individual factors by demonstrating the additional influence of situational factors on journalists’ ethical assessments.

Understanding police decisions to arrest: The impact of situational, officer, and neighborhood characteristics on police discretion

PurposePromote the use of multilevel modeling to refine theories of police discretion. Specifically, examine the simultaneous influence of situational factors, responding officers, and neighborhood context on arrests guided by a social-ecological framework. MethodsCross-classified models were used to assess the outcomes of 835,381 incidents responded to by 835 Phoenix Police officers in 388 census tracts. ResultsSituational, officer, and neighborhood factors all significantly influence arrests. Incident-level factors account for most of the variation, followed by officers, and neighborhoods. Incidents that resulted in arrest were more likely to involve victims, a greater number of responding officers, female officers, and college-educated officers. Arrests were more likely to occur in Hispanic and Black neighborhoods, even when controlling for situational and officer-level characteristics. Arrests were less likely to occur when officers were assigned to high crime precincts. ConclusionsMultilevel models enable a comprehensive examination of police use of arrest using administrative data that are already being collected by police agencies. Through accounting for both officer and neighborhood-level influences, this strategy improves on prior theory testing in policing research. The results support elements of some theories, but conflict with others. These findings have important implications for police policies surrounding arrest and resource deployment.

The Influence of Situational Factors in Sacrificial Dilemmas on Utilitarian Moral Judgments

The standard way to test alternative descriptive theories of moral judgment is by asking subjects to evaluate (amongst others) sacrificial dilemmas, where acting classifies as a utilitarian moral judgment and not acting classifies as a deontological moral judgment. Previous research uncovered many situational factors that alter subject’s moral judgments without affecting which type of action utilitarianism or deontology would recommend. This literature review provides a systematic analysis of the experimental literature on the influence of situational factors on moral judgments in sacrificial dilemmas. It analyses 53 articles in detail and reports mean effect sizes, as well as operationalizations, for 36 situational factors that significantly influence moral judgment. Moreover, the review discusses how the impact of situational factors relates to a dual process theory of moral judgment. It supports the view that utilitarian judgments are driven by controlled cognitive processes and shows that the drivers of deontological judgments depend on valence.

Comparison of safety and kinematic patterns of automated vehicles turning left in interaction with oncoming manually driven vehicles

Highly and fully automated driving has been under development for the past two decades in order to increase comfort, efficiency, and traffic safety. Particularly in the latter domain, experts agree on automated driving, especially in case of automated vehicles (AV) with SAE level 4 or higher, having the most promising effects. Automated driving is expected to decrease the number of seriously injured or even killed road users to zero (Vision Zero). However, automated driving is still in an early stage of development and many AV tend to drive very carefully to avoid crashes. So, the goal is to make driving more efficient while maintaining the highest level of safety. In the project "Digitaler Knoten 4.0" cooperative automated driving was assessed regarding efficiency and safety aspects. One of the use cases investigated was turning left with oncoming traffic at an urban intersection as this situation represents one of the most complex situations in urban areas yielding to crashes with-in many cases-serious consequences for the involved road users. At the Application Platform Intelligent Mobility (AIM) Research Intersection in Braunschweig, Germany, an SAE level 3 AV was turning left interacting with oncoming manually driven vehicles (MV). The performance of the AV was compared to MV executing the same manoeuvre. The recorded video-based trajectories of the respective AV as well as MV were analysed regarding the influence of situational factors (e.g. position of the vehicle in the queue and gap acceptance) and kinematic factors (e.g. speed and acceleration) on traffic safety. The similarities and differences between this specific AV and MV were identified yielding insight for further developing algorithms for more efficient driving while maintaining the same traffic safety level. For instance, it appears that the AV shows a very conservative left turning behaviour leading to very safe PET distributions in comparison to left turning MV.

On the robustness of the association between Honesty-Humility and dishonest behavior for varying incentives

Previous research consistently showed a negative link between Honesty-Humility (HH) and dishonest behavior. However, most prior research neglected the influence of situational factors and their potential interaction with HH. In two incentivized experiments (N = 322, N = 552), we thus tested whether the (subjective) utility of incentives moderates the HH-dishonesty link. Replicating prior evidence, HH showed a consistent negative link to dishonesty. However, the utility of incentives did not moderate this association, neither when manipulated through incentive size (BF01 = 5.7) nor when manipulated through gain versus loss framing (BF01 = 20.4). These results demonstrate the robustness of the HH-dishonesty link.

The Influence of Situational Factors in Sacrificial Dilemmas on Utilitarian Moral Judgments

The standard way to test alternative descriptive theories of moral judgment is by asking subjects to evaluate (amongst others) sacrificial dilemmas, where acting classifies as a utilitarian moral judgment and not acting classifies as a deontological moral judgment. Previous research uncovered many situational factors that alter subject’s moral judgments without affecting which type of action utilitarianism or deontology would recommend. This literature review provides a systematic analysis of the experimental literature on the influence of situational factors on moral judgments in sacrificial dilemmas. It analyses 53 articles in detail and reports mean effect sizes, as well as operationalizations, for 36 situational factors that significantly influence moral judgment. Moreover, the review discusses how the impact of situational factors relates to a dual process theory of moral judgment. It supports the view that utilitarian judgments are driven by controlled cognitive processes and shows that the drivers of deontological judgments depend on valence.

Influence of situational factors on household’s energy consumption behaviour

PurposeThis paper aims to present a systematic scoping review of the influences of some situational factors on the energy consumption behaviour of households. Household’s energy choice and manner of utilization define its energy consumption behaviour; it is a key factor in determining the energy efficiency of households. Despite the energy-efficient technological innovations and awareness on environmental/health implications of using certain energy sources and technologies, households still use inefficient, traditional energy sources and technologies. Some researchers have attempted to use economic and psychological theories to explain the situation with the hope of achieving a change in behaviour towards sustainable energy utilization but to no avail. This is because the theories fail to consider situations beyond individuals or households. A clear understanding of situational factors and how they influence household energy behaviour will provide information that will aid deeper research and policy formulation towards sustainable energy behaviour of households.Design/methodology/approachA scoping systematic review of available literature regarding real-life cases in both developed and developing countries was carried out to determine the possibility of situational factors affecting household energy choices and utilization.FindingsThe result of the review showed that situational factors have a significant influence on household’s energy consumption. The main policy implications observed are the need for laws that will encourage energy-saving renovations in houses, make compulsory the provision of recreational facilities in residential areas to reduce in-home energy consumption. The need for increased access to electricity and other efficient energy sources and cooking technologies has also been observed. Intensive awareness campaigns are required to disabuse the minds of people about cultural issues that mitigate improved cook stove adoption.Originality/valueThe paper provides information on the influence of some of the factors, which affect energy consumption in households, which fluctuate depending on the current situation of the consumer and are time-bound (situational factors). The information will help policymakers and regulators to understand the influence of situational factors on household energy consumption, thereby enabling them to make policies that will enhance sustainable energy consumption.