Influence Of Sedentary Behavior Research Articles

Influence of sedentary behavior and physical activity in leisure and work on sleep duration: data from NHANES 2017–2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between sedentary behavior (SB), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sleep duration.MethodsData from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was analyzed. SB was assessed based on the average daily sitting time, while MVPA was estimated by the frequency and duration of leisure and work-related activities. The ratio of time spent in MVPA to time in SB was analyzed, and a thresholds of ≥ 1.0, 2.5 and 10 min of MVPA per sedentary hour was used to determine sufficiency for mitigating the effects of a sedentary lifestyle. Sleep duration was measured by the average hours slept on weekdays and weekends, classified according to National Sleep Foundation guidelines. The measures of SB, MVPA, and sleep were self-reported. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample, and multivariate logistic regression was applied to assess the associations between movement behaviors and sleep duration.ResultsThe study included 5,533 participants, with 51.8% women, predominantly aged 26–64 years (66.1%). Insufficient physical activity was reported by 59.6% at work and 62.5% during leisure time. Recommended sleep duration was observed in 84.4% of the sample. Adjusted multivariate analysis revealed that individuals engaging in ≥ 2.5 min of MVPA during leisure-time for each sedentary hour were 38.9% less likely to experience short-term sleep (OR:0.72;95%CI:0.53–0.97). Conversely, those who performed the same amount of MVPA at work were 57.0% more likely to have short-term sleep (OR:1.57;95%CI:1.16–2.12).ConclusionMeeting the MVPA threshold during leisure-time reduces the likelihood of short-term sleep, while higher MVPA levels at work increase the likelihood of short-term sleep.

2249 Exploring the experiences of sedentary behaviour in older adults aged ≥ 75 years

Abstract Introduction Older adults are the fastest growing and most sedentary group in society. With sedentary behaviour associated with deleterious health outcomes, reducing sedentary time may improve overall well-being. Adults aged ≥75 years are underrepresented in sedentary behaviour research. This study aimed to qualitatively profile the sedentary behaviour of adults aged ≥75 years. This included ascertaining older adults’ understanding of sedentary behaviour; identifying the activities performed in sitting and standing and identifying the barriers and facilitators towards reducing sedentary time. Methods Four focus groups with community-dwelling older adults aged ≥75 years were held between October–December 2022. Audio recordings and workshop notes were transcribed verbatim and inductive and deductive thematic analyses were conducted. Results Six community-dwelling older adults with a mean age of 83 were recruited. Group members were largely unaware of their sedentary behaviour, and the risk associated with prolonged sedentary behaviour. The activities performed in sitting and standing, and barriers and facilitators to reducing sedentary time were charted to the Capability Opportunity Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B). Analytical themes explored sedentary behaviour throughout older adulthood, the influence of sedentary behaviour on sleep, and the importance of social connectedness to reduce sedentary time. Conclusions This study provided novel insights into older adults’ reports of sedentary behaviour progressing throughout older adulthood. Sedentary behaviour in adults aged ≥75 years present similarly to a younger subset of older adults with regards to the activities performed in sitting, and the barriers and facilitators to reducing their sedentary time. However, the activities performed in sitting may be performed for longer, and the barriers to reducing sedentary behaviour may present more frequently. Social support appears valuable when attempting to reduce sedentary time, however, further research is necessary to explore the views of older adults who are socially isolated.

Isotemporal substitution of sedentary behavior with physical activity and its influence on depressive symptoms among adults with overweight/obesity in the United States: A cross-sectional study

ObjectiveThis cross-sectional study examined the influence of sedentary behavior (SB) time substitution with physical activity (PA) on depressive symptoms among adults with overweight/obesity. SB time was replaced with equal amount of walking/bicycling or leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). MethodsData of the 18344 adults, who were overweight and obesity was obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2006–2018. PA of participants was measured by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms, including overall, somatic, and cognitive depressive symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Isotemporal substitution model based on weighted multiple linear regression was used to assess the association of SB time substitution with PA on depressive symptoms. ResultsIndependent model analysis showed that 30 min/day SB time was significantly associated with higher PHQ-9 depressive symptoms, while engage in walking/bicycling or leisure-time MVPA for 30 min/day was associated with lower depressive symptoms. Isotemporal substitution analyses revealed that replacing 30 min/day SB time with equal amount of walking/bicycling or leisure-time MVPA was associated with significant lower PHQ-9 total scores (walking/bicycling: β = −0.088, 95%CI = −0.129, −0.047, P < 0.01; MVPA: β = −0.160, 95%CI = −0.185, −0.134, P < 0.01). Moreover, cognitive depressive symptoms (walking/bicycling: β = −0.035, 95%CI = −0.058, −0.013, P < 0.01; MVPA: β = −0.074, 95%CI = −0.088, −0.060, P < 0.01), and somatic depressive symptoms (walking/bicycling: β = −0.053, 95%CI = −0.075, −0.030, P < 0.01; MVPA: β = −0.085, 95%CI = −0.100, −0.071, P < 0.01) were also significantly lower after replacing SB time with either walking/bicycling or MVPA. However, replacing 30 min/day PA with SB time represented with higher depressive symptoms. ConclusionsReplacing SB time with walking/bicycling or MVPA is beneficial in lowering the depressive symptoms among overweight/obese adults. Owing to the benefits of PA on depression, strategies promoting PA participation, are necessary for better social/mental well-being and healthy society.

Abstract MP41: Associations Between Reallocations of Daytime Movement Behaviors and Self-Reported Sleep Quality and Insomnia Severity in Desk Workers

Introduction: While moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) is commonly associated with better sleep, few studies have considered the influence of sedentary behavior (SB) or light-intensity PA (LPA) on sleep or how reallocation of these daytime movement behaviors are associated with sleep. Purpose: To examine the association of reallocating time spent in daytime movement behaviors (SB, LPA, MVPA) with self-reported sleep quality and insomnia severity. Methods: Using baseline data from a clinical trial, 170 adults with desk jobs were included in analyses (84.1% white; 51.2% female; body mass index [BMI]=31.1±6.6 kg/m 2 ; age=44.7±10.8 y). Daily SB and MVPA were measured with activPAL and ActiGraph GT3x accelerometers, respectively, over ~7 days; SB was categorized into short- and long-bout SB (time spent in &lt;30 or ≥30 min bouts, respectively). Daily LPA was calculated as activPAL-assessed wear time minus SB and MVPA. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) assessed sleep quality and insomnia severity, respectively. Isotemporal substitution analyses utilized linear regression to demonstrate the effects of replacing one movement behavior (short-bout SB, long-bout SB, LPA, MVPA) with an equivalent amount of another movement behavior on sleep. All analyses adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and device wear time. Results: On average, participants spent 4.7±1.3 h/day in short-bout SB, 6.3±2.2 h/day in long-bout SB, 4.3±1.6 h/day in LPA, and 37.3±21.8 min/day in MVPA. Mean PSQI and ISI scores were 5.5±3.0 and 7.2±4.8, respectively; 42.4% had poor sleep quality (PSQI&gt;5) and 40.6% had at least mild-severity insomnia (ISI≥8). Reallocating time from short-bout SB to MVPA was significantly associated with better sleep quality (-0.73±0.37 unit change in PSQI score per 30-min reallocation [P=.05]); reallocations from long-bout SB or LPA to MVPA trended toward significantly better sleep quality (P=.08 and P=.09, respectively). Reallocating time from SB or LPA to MVPA was not significantly associated with lower insomnia severity (each P&gt;.16). Conclusions: Increasing moderate-vigorous physical activity at the expense of sedentary behavior or light-intensity physical activity was associated with better sleep quality, though the strengths of these associations were mild at best. Support: NIH R01 HL134809, R01 HL147610.

Causal links between sedentary behavior, physical activity, and psychiatric disorders: a Mendelian randomization study

BackgroundStudies suggest a correlation between excessive sedentary behavior, insufficient physical activity, and an elevated likelihood of experiencing psychiatric disorder. Nonetheless, the precise influence of sedentary behavior and physical activity on psychiatric disorder remains uncertain. Hence, the objective of this research was to investigate the possible causal relationship between sedentary behavior, physical activity, and the susceptibility to psychiatric disorder (depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder), utilizing a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.MethodsPotential genetic instruments related to sedentary leisure behaviors were identified from the UK Biobank database, specifically a summary-level genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 422,218 individuals of European descent. The UK Biobank database also provided the GWAS data for physical activity. Primary analysis was performed using inverse variance weighting (IVW) to assess the causal relationship between sedentary behavior, physical activity, and the risk of psychiatric disorder (depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder). Sensitivity analysis was conducted using Cochran’s Q test, the MR–Egger intercept test, the MR-pleiotropy RESidual sum and outlier test, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel plot analysis.ResultsAccording to the IVW analysis, there was a significant association between genetically predicted leisure television watching and an increased risk of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 1.027, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001–1.053; P = 0.04). The IVW analysis also indicated that there was a decreased risk of depression associated with fraction accelerations of > 425 milligravities, as measured by accelerometers (OR = 0.951, 95%CI: 0.914–0.989; P = 0.013). The other MR methods obtained consistent but non-significant results in the same direction. However, there was no evidence of a causal association between genetic liability for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, accelerometer-assessed physical activity, computer use, or driving and the risk of depression. Furthermore, IVW analysis has also found that driving has a slight effect in reducing the risk of schizophrenia (OR = 0.092, 95%CI: 0.010–0.827; P = 0.033), while leisure television viewing has a significant protective effect against the onset of bipolar disorder (OR = 0.719, 95%CI: 0.567–0.912; P = 0.006).ConclusionThe study provides compelling evidence of a link between depression, bipolar disorder, and excessive TV watching. Furthermore, it suggests that higher accelerometer-assessed fraction accelerations of > 425 milligravities can serve as a genetic protective factor against depression. To mitigate the risk of developing depression, it is advisable to reduce sedentary activities, particularly television watching, and prioritize engaging in vigorous physical exercise.

Associations between sedentary behavior and health and the moderating role of physical activity in young people within a cross-sectional investigation

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of sedentary behavior (SB) on the frequency of health complaints (fHC) as well as on self-rated health (SRH) and body mass index (BMI), and to determine whether physical activity (PA) moderated this influence. Data were obtained from the Youth Survey Luxembourg 2019 (N = 2,802), a nationally representative stratified random sample of all youths aged 16 to 29 years who were living in Luxembourg. fHC is a composite measure of eight common psychosomatic health complaints, SRH was measured on a five-point scale, and BMI was calculated by dividing participants’ body weight by the square of their body height (kg/m2). PA and SB values were obtained from factor analyses of the relevant questionnaire items. SB was evaluated as both leisure-time SB and gaming-associated SB. Multiple regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and migration status were used to determine the association between SB, fHC, BMI, and SRH. We found that leisure-time SB was positively associated with fHC, but not with SRH or BMI. Gaming-associated SB was positively associated with fHC and BMI but was negatively associated with SRH. PA was negatively associated with fHC, BMI and SRH. No statistically significant moderating effects were observed. We found that both leisure-time and gaming-associated SB showed statistically significant impacts on health. Although PA is known to be beneficial to health, we conclude that its potential to mitigate the negative effects of SB is limited in young people.

Association between Diet and Adiposity in Adults: Influence of Sedentary Behavior Patterns.

This study analyzed the influence of sedentary behavior (SB) on the association between dietary patterns and adiposity in community-dwelling adults. Eight hundred and forty-three adults (age: 56.5 ± 18.3 years) participated in this cross-sectional epidemiological study. Dietary patterns were evaluated using self-report questions regarding the weekly frequency of consumption of certain foods. Adiposity was determined using anthropometric measurements of weight, waist circumference, and height. SB was evaluated according to the time spent on screen devices. The usual physical activity level and socioeconomic status were considered confounding factors. Associations were determined using multivariate linear models with simultaneous adjustments for confounding variables. A statistical analysis indicated that fruit consumption was negatively related to the body mass index, regardless of the adjustment for SB domains. Red meat consumption was positively related to the body mass index, and fried food consumption was positively related to the waist-to-height ratio, regardless of the adjustment for SB domains. The consumption of fried food was positively associated with global and central adiposity after the adjustments for confounding factors and time spent on screen devices. We concluded that dietary habits are related to adiposity in adults. However, SB domains seem to influence the relationship between body adiposity and dietary habits, mainly regarding the consumption of fried foods.

Television-viewing time and bodily pain in Australian adults with and without type 2 diabetes: 12-year prospective relationships

BackgroundBodily pain is a common presentation in several chronic diseases, yet the influence of sedentary behaviour, common in ageing adults, is unclear. Television-viewing (TV) time is a ubiquitous leisure-time sedentary behaviour, with a potential contribution to the development of bodily pain. We examined bodily pain trajectories and the longitudinal relationships of TV time with the bodily pain severity; and further, the potential moderation of the relationships by type 2 diabetes (T2D) status.MethodData were from 4099 participants (aged 35 to 65 years at baseline) in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab), who took part in the follow-ups at 5 years, 12 years, or both. Bodily pain (from SF36 questionnaire: a 0 to 100 scale, where lower scores indicate more-severe pain), TV time, and T2D status [normal glucose metabolism (NGM), prediabetes, and T2D] were assessed at all three time points. Multilevel growth curve modelling used age (centred at 50 years) as the time metric, adjusting for potential confounders, including physical activity and waist circumference.ResultsMean TV time increased, and bodily pain worsened (i.e., mean bodily pain score decreased) across the three time points. Those with T2D had higher TV time and more-severe bodily pain than those without T2D at all time points. In a fully adjusted model, the mean bodily pain score for those aged 50 years at baseline was 76.9(SE: 2.2) and worsened (i.e., bodily pain score decreased) significantly by 0.3(SE: 0.03) units every additional year (p <0.001). Those with initially more-severe pain had a higher rate of increase in pain severity. At any given time point, a one-hour increase in daily TV time was significantly associated with an increase in pain severity [bodily pain score decreased by 0.69 (SE: 0.17) units each additional hour; p <0.001], accounting for the growth factor (age) and confounders’ effects. The association was more-pronounced in those with T2D than in those without (prediabetes or NGM), with the effect of T2D on bodily pain severity becoming more apparent as TV time increases, significantly so when TV time increased above 2.5 hours per day.ConclusionBodily pain severity increased with age in middle-aged and older Australian adults over a 12-year period, and increments in TV time predicted increased bodily pain severity at any given period, which was more pronounced in those with T2D. While increasing physical activity is a mainstay of the prevention and management of chronic health problems, these new findings highlight the potential of reducing sedentary behaviours in this context.

The influence of sedentary behavior on lumbar-pelvic kinematics during squatting and forward bending among physically active students

Prolonged sitting may involve several mechanisms that make it a risk factor for low back pain. The aim of this study was to investigate lumbar-pelvic kinematics and multifidus muscle (MF) activity during squatting and forward bending in relation to the sedentary behavior of physically active students. Sixty-three students were divided into two groups according to the time spent in a sitting position during the day: “high” (>7hours/day); “low” (≤7hours/day). Lumbar-pelvic ratios, ranges of motion, angular velocities, and MF flexion-relaxation phenomenon were investigated. Data were obtained using the optical motion analysis system, and surface electromyography. The results indicated that lumbar-pelvic ratios during both tasks and velocity of lumbar spine during squatting were significantly greater in the “high” than in the “low” sitting group. Muscle activity showed no differences between groups. Prolonged sitting can be considered a factor that slightly, but statistically significantly influences the lumbar-pelvic kinematics in physically active people.

The influence of sedentary behaviour on mental health among children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

BackgroundSystematic reviews that have examined associations between sedentary behaviour (SB) and mental health among children and adolescents are mainly based on cross-sectional investigations. There is a lack of evidence for a prospective relationship between SB and mental health in children and adolescents. This systematic review synthesized longitudinal studies that examined prospective associations between SB and mental health among children and adolescents. MethodsWe conducted computer searches for English language literature from electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo and Google scholar, and manually screened the references of existing relevant studies to select studies for the synthesis. We included observational longitudinal studies that assessed the association between SB and mental health among children and adolescents. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. ResultsIn total, 58 longitudinal studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized in the review. We found that higher SB among children and adolescents was associated with increased depression, anxiety and other mental health problems later in life. A dose-response association between SB and mental health was observed, suggesting that children and adolescents who spend more time on SB may have a higher risk of developing poorer mental health later. ConclusionsThe findings in the present study suggest that intervention programs targeting reducing SB may benefit to the prevention of poor mental health among children and adolescents. Future intervention studies especially randomized controlled trials are needed to elucidate a causal relationship between SB and mental health among children and adolescents.

INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND TIME IN THE SITTING POSITION ON THE CONDITION OF LOW BACK PAIN AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the influence of sedentary behavior and physical activity on the prevalence and situation of low back pain in medical students at a higher education institution. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted with 220 students. Data were collected between January and February 2021, using the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Program. Values of p ≤ 0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. Results: Sixty-five percent of the participants were female, the average student age was 24.19 years, and a predominance of students were in the clinical cycle (60.9%). Of the total sample, 75.9% (n=167) stated that they performed physical activities and 28.2% (n=62) responded that they spend between 7-10 hours sitting studying. The prevalence of low back pain was high (84.1%; n=185), however, only 1.5% (n=3) had scores indicative of functional disability. Women (Mean=5.07, SD=0.35) had greater functional disability than men (Mean=3.33, SD=0.35; p=0.008). Sedentary students had greater disability (Mean=5.79, SD=4.55) than active students (Mean=4.04, SD=3.62; p=0.007); individuals who spent more than 7 hours a day sitting also had higher scores (p=0.02). Conclusion: The findings indicated a significant self-reported prevalence of low back pain among medical students, with greater functional disability in females, sedentary individuals, and those who sat for more than 7 hours a day. Level of Evidence II; Cross-sectional study .

Does Physical Activity Moderate The Influence Of Sedentary Behavior On Health In Young People?

Does Physical Activity Moderate The Influence Of Sedentary Behavior On Health In Young People?

The Association Between Leisure-time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Low Back Pain: A Cross-sectional Analysis in Primary Care Settings.

Observational cross-sectional. To investigate the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and low back pain (LBP) in adults from primary care settings, and to explore how sedentary behavior influences this association. LTPA is inversely associated with LBP. However, there is no study investigating this association in primary care settings from a middle-income country. Moreover, the influence of sedentary behavior in this association is unknown. Cross-sectional analysis of an ongoing longitudinal study with adults from Bauru, Brazil (n = 557). Data on physical activity, sedentary behavior (sitting time), LBP, body mass index (BMI), and chronic diseases were assessed by face-to-face interviews, physical evaluation, and medical records. Binary logistic regression was used to test the association of LTPA with the presence of LBP. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and health variables were used as covariables in the multivariable models. The fully adjusted model showed that active participants were 33% less likely to have LBP when compared with those insufficiently active (odds ratios [OR]: 0.67 [95% CI: 0.46-0.98]). A significant association was found for active participants who spent less than 3 h/day sitting (OR: 0.45 [95% CI: 0.23-0.89]) but not for those who spent 3 h/day or more in sedentary activities (OR: 0.78 [95% CI: 0.48-1.27]). An inverse association of LTPA with LBP was observed in obese participants (OR = 0.49 [95% CI: 0.25-0.94]), but not in those with normal BMI and overweight. LTPA was inversely associated with the prevalence of LBP in adults from primary care. This association was influenced by sedentary behavior and BMI.Level of Evidence: 4.

The Influence of Sedentary Behavior on the Relationship Between Cognitive Function and Vascular Function in Older Adults with and without Chronic Kidney Disease

Cognitive impairment and vascular dysfunction are common in older adults with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Older adults with and without CKD are also sedentary - a behavior associated with cognitive and vascular function. The objective of this study was to explore whether sedentary behavior influenced the relationship between cognitive and vascular function in older adults with preclinical cognitive impairment with and without CKD. In our study, 48 older adults underwent assessment of cognition, vascular compliance, and sedentary behavior, and relationships were explored with regression moderation analysis. Sedentary time and breaks did not moderate the relationship between vascular and cognitive function. Although significant moderation was not found, cognition, vascular function, and sedentary behavior are important to assess when evaluating older adults with and without CKD.

Influence of sedentary behaviour on posture symmetry and type among 4–7-year-old children in Riga

Physical inactivity, screen time and sedentary behaviour among young children is increasing. These factors have an impact on future health conditions increasing the risk of metabolic, cardiovascular and posture diseases. The World Health Organization has issued the guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children of less than 5 years of age that shows contributing factors for healthy individuals starting from early childhood.&#x0D; Only few studies show the true state of posture diseases among preschool children. In our study we tried to find the problems of posture symmetry and type among young children for first time in Latvia.&#x0D; The conclusions after the study were similar to tendencies in the world. The posture disorders and asymmetrical posture increased with the age of children and sedentary behaviour (TV and computer) had a negative impact on the posture status.

Sedentary behaviours, cognitive function, and possible mechanisms in older adults: a systematic review.

Physical activity can improve cognitive function of older adults, but the influence of sedentary behaviour on cognition is less clear. This systematic review investigated associations between sedentary behaviour and cognitive function in older adults without dementia, and possible mechanisms involved. Major databases were searched for studies in English between 01/01/1999 and 31/10/2019. The systematic review followed COSMOS-E guideline and a pre-registered protocol (CRD42019122229). Risk of bias was assessed using NICE Quality appraisal checklist. Findings were narratively synthesized and presented. Eighteen studies comprised of 13 cross-sectional and five longitudinal analyses (n = 40,228). Evidence suggested varied associations between varied sedentary behaviours and cognitive function in older adults. 50% of study analyses did not control for physical activity. 3/18 studies demonstrated associations between higher sedentary levels and lower levels of brain biomarkers, while 1/18 showed auto-regulatory effect in the left hippocampus. Conducting a meta-analysis was not justifiable due to considerable methodological, participant, outcome and exposure heterogeneity. There is a lack of clarity about the overall and independent association between sedentary behaviour and cognition in older age. Underlying mechanisms are similar to physical activity and probably multi-modal. More studies with robust designs and methodology are needed to confirm effect of sedentary behaviour on cognition.

The Influence of Sedentary Behavior on Cancer Risk: Epidemiologic Evidence and Potential Molecular Mechanisms

Sedentary behavior is an emerging risk factor for several cancers. Here, we review the current epidemiologic evidence on sedentary behavior and cancer risk and summarize potential underlying molecular mechanisms. High compared to low sedentary behavior is associated with a 28-44% increased risk of colon cancer, a 8-17% increased risk of breast cancer, and a 28-36% increased risk of endometrial cancer. For other cancer sites, the current evidence is insufficient, mainly due to sparse numbers of available studies. Potential underlying biologic mechanisms linking prolonged sedentary behavior to increased cancer risk include metabolic dysfunction, alterations in circulating levels of sex hormones, and low-grade systemic chronic inflammation. Prolonged sedentary behavior is positively related to cancers of the colon, breast, and endometrium. For other cancer types, the current evidence is inconclusive. Underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood and need to be an integral part of future research.

The influence of sedentary behaviour and physical activity on thoracic spinal mobility in young adults: an observational study

The influence of sedentary behaviour and physical activity on thoracic spinal mobility in young adults: an observational study

Objectively Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Genetic Predisposition to Obesity in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Studies using self-reported data suggest a gene–physical activity interaction on obesity, yet the influence of sedentary behavior, distinct from a lack of physical activity, on genetic associations with obesity remains unclear. We analyzed interactions of accelerometer-measured moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and time spent sedentary with genetic variants on obesity among 9,645 U.S. Hispanics/Latinos. An overall genetic risk score (GRS), a central nervous system (CNS)–related GRS, and a non-CNS-related GRS were calculated based on 97 BMI-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genetic association with BMI was stronger in individuals with lower MVPA (first tertile) versus higher MVPA (third tertile) (β = 0.78 kg/m2 [SE, 0.10 kg/m2] vs. 0.39 kg/m2 [0.09 kg/m2] per SD increment of GRS; Pinteraction = 0.005), and in those with more time spent sedentary (third tertile) versus less time spent sedentary (first tertile) (β = 0.73 kg/m2 [SE, 0.10 kg/m2] vs. 0.44 kg/m2 [0.09 kg/m2]; Pinteraction = 0.006). Similar significant interaction patterns were observed for obesity risk, body fat mass, fat percentage, fat mass index, and waist circumference, but not for fat-free mass. The CNS-related GRS, but not the non-CNS-related GRS, showed significant interactions with MVPA and sedentary behavior, with effects on BMI and other adiposity traits. Our data suggest that both increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior may attenuate genetic associations with obesity, although the independence of these interaction effects needs to be investigated further.

Sedentary Behavior and Health-Related Quality of Life across Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines

Sedentary behavior may not differ between individuals meeting and not meeting physical activity guidelines (PAGs); however, sedentary behavior has been associated with lower levels of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of sedentary behavior on HRQoL across young adults in three physical activity engagement groups (i.e., did not meet aerobic or muscle-strengthening PAGs; met either aerobic PAGs or muscle-strengthening PAGs; and met both aerobic and muscle-strengthening PAGs) using moderation analyses. Participants were 427 young adults (<i>M</i><SUB>age</SUB> = 19.15 ± 0.77) from Southwestern U.S. public university. Participants completed an online survey assessing sedentary behavior, physical activity profile, and HRQOL. On average, participants who did not meet aerobic or muscle-strengthening PAGs reported the lowest physical and psychosocial HRQoL and highest screen-time sedentary behavior, while participants who met both aerobic and muscle-strengthening PAGs reported the highest physical and psychosocial HRQoL and lowest screen-time sedentary behavior. Moderation analyses indicated meeting both aerobic and muscle-strengthening PAGs significantly buffered the negative influence of screen-time sedentary behavior on physical HRQoL. Meanwhile, meeting only one of the PAGs (i.e., aerobic or muscle-strengthening) did not significantly buffer the negative influence of screen-time sedentary behavior on physical HRQoL. Considering the current trends of sedentary behavior, the current study provided support in promoting regularly engaging in both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity. Moreover, it provided evidence supporting the position that interventions designed to improve HRQoL should include both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity.