Secular Influences Research Articles

GAGASAN ISLAMISASI ILMU PENGETAHUAN SEBAGAI PONDASI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MENURUT SYED MUHAMMAD NAQUIB AL-ATTAS

Abstract: This study aims to examine Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas's idea of ​​the Islamization of science as a basis for the reconstruction of the Islamic education system. This study was motivated by concerns about the influence of secularism and westernization that caused the de-Islamization of Muslim thought. To overcome this problem, Al-Attas proposed the concept of the Islamization of science which aims to free science from non-Islamic values ​​and harmonize it with Islamic principles based on the Qur'an and Sunnah. This article uses a qualitative research method with a library research type. The main data source is the written works of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas, such as books, journals, and other writings. Secondary data was obtained through other literature relevant to the topic of the Islamization of science and the concept of Islamic education to enrich the discussion. The results of the study show that Al-Attas's Islamization of science is built on an Islamic worldview that is sourced from the teachings of monotheism. The epistemology of science needs to be reconstructed in line with Islamic principles by placing spiritual aspects as its foundation. Al-Attas also proposed the concept of ta'dib as a model of Islamic education that integrates physical, intellectual, and spiritual aspects with adab as the core of its method.

Selkea! Memories of Eating Non-Kosher Food among the Spanish–Moroccan Jewish Diaspora in Israel

Drawing on life-story interviews and ethnography conducted in Israel from 2009 to 2023, this article examines how members of the Spanish-speaking Moroccan–Jewish diaspora in Israel recalled their habits of eating non-kosher food in Morocco. We explore how these memories emerged in response to commonplace discourses that depict Moroccan Jews as a distinctly religious-traditional ethnic group, untouched by European secular influences, and dichotomous to modern secular cultures in Israel. Contrary to this image, members of the community whom we interviewed highlighted a Jewish Moroccan life that was deeply connected to Spanish colonialism and the broader Hispanic and Sephardi worlds. We focus specifically on the concept of selkear, a Haketia (Judeo-Spanish) term meaning to let something go, make an exception, or turn a blind eye. Our analysis of our participants’ memories provides a nuanced understanding of Jewish religiosity in the context of colonialism and of how Mizrahi–Sephardi immigrants in Israel reclaimed their Judaism. Highlighting the practice of eating non-kosher food is thus a strategy used to challenge dominant notions of rigid religious commitment within the Sephardi diaspora and their interpretation in Israel.

Secularization: A Response from Canon Law Based on the Concept of the “Church on the Move” and Cooperation with the Civil Order in Cases of Abuse of Minors by Priests

The influence of secularization and secularism in today’s society has led to a process of privatization of religion. Faced with this reality, Pope Francis, in his Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii gaudium, has promoted the need for a pastoral conversion, betting on a “Church going out” that, on the one hand, can cope with this process and, on the other hand, go out to meet all those people who suffer in the existential peripheries. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, through a qualitative and quantitative methodology, how canon law is a reality that cannot stand aside from this call and how, in the specific area of child abuse within the Church, it must opt for a position that we call “expansion” or extra ecclesiam, capable of recognizing and dealing with the cases that have occurred, as well as operating a system of cooperation with the civil order, with the aim of promoting justice and the common good of society, in order to limit the growing process of secularization.

Thoroughly Exploring Secularism in an Islamic Perspective: History, Dynamics, and Interpretation of the Qur'an

Secularism, a concept that emerged in the West and spread throughout the world, including Indonesia, has become a subject of debate in relation to religion, especially Islam. This research aims to explore the definition of secularism, its development in various fields, the changes that arise as a result, the interpretation of Qur'anic verses related to secularism, and scholars' perspectives on this matter. Through a qualitative method, this research utilises secondary data sources, such as journal articles and books, to provide a deeper understanding of this topic. The results show that secularism is considered as the separation of human affairs from God's affairs in all aspects of life, including education. Yusuf Qardhawi expressed his concern over the influence of secularism and atheism in the Islamic world, fuelled by colonialism and modernity. In the context of Qur'anic verses, this study found references to secularism in Surah Al-Isra' and Surah Hud. In this context, the contrast between worldly and afterlife orientations, as well as warnings against mere worldly pleasures, take centre stage. As such, this study provides a deep insight into how Islam understands and interprets secularism.

Dakwah Transformasional : Merespon Tren Sekulerisme Di Kalangan Gen Z

In the modern era, which is increasingly influenced by dominant secular culture, Generation Z faces significant challenges in maintaining and developing their spiritual and religious values. In this context, transformative preaching emerges as a promising approach to respond to this secular trend in a relevant and meaningful way. This research aims to explore the potential of transformative preaching in responding to the secular trend among Generation Z. We seek to understand how transformative preaching can assist Generation Z in finding meaning, depth, and spiritual direction in their lives, which are saturated with secular influences. The research methodology employed is qualitative, involving in-depth interviews and participatory observation with a sample group of Generation Z actively engaged in transformative preaching activities. Data analysis is conducted using an inductive approach to identify patterns and key findings. The main findings indicate that transformative preaching holds great potential in helping Generation Z overcome the challenges of secularism. The inclusive and open approach of transformative preaching creates a supportive environment for Generation Z to explore and deepen their understanding of spirituality. Additionally, the development of moral values and the utilization of social media and digital technology have proven effective in forming inclusive and supportive communities. This research makes a significant contribution to understanding the role of transformative preaching in responding to secular trends among Generation Z. These findings can aid in the development of more effective and relevant preaching programs to guide Generation Z in their search for meaning and spiritual direction in their complex lives.

“San Juan is Catholic”: The Hijas de María in Puerto Rico’s Parishes and Streets, 1872–1918

Abstract: The Hijas de María, a global Catholic laywomen’s organization, were active in Puerto Rico from the end of Spanish rule through North American rule. Their organizational structure and their pieties buttressed the Church’s few pastors and, after the North American invasion, its new hierarchy. In the space that the institutional Church could not fill, the Hijas’ devotions provided the laity with new, feminized paths for holiness. The devotional life of the Hijas de María developed within new global currents in the Church, including increasing Roman influence and a greater focus on children and their potential sanctity. This is also a story of how Puerto Rican Catholic women met modernity and its secular influences and claimed the island for their own and the interests of religion and the Church.

Religion and Strategic Disaster Risk Management in the Better Normal: The Case of the Pagoda sa Wawa Fluvial Festival in Bocaue, Bulacan, Philippines

Religion involves expressing beliefs, performing practices, and obeying norms about what is considered sacred and worthy of worship. While some argue that religion has become irrelevant due to the widespread influence of secularism and scientific reasoning, many still find comfort in the sacred. Scientific research has shown that religion can positively impact health and safety, especially during disasters. Accordingly, religion plays a crucial role in one’s wellbeing. In the Philippines, the sound of church bells calls for parishioners to gather and celebrate, and acts as a warning system for different types of danger, such as earthquakes, typhoons, floods, raids, uprisings, and fires. Filipinos are warned to leave their houses and come to the church to take shelter. Thus, churches have been considered evacuation centers and loci for disaster risk-reduction undertakings. The proponents conducted a qualitative study investigating the disaster risk management strategies developed and implemented by St. Martin of Tours Parish Church in Bocaue, Bulacan, Philippines, during the “Pagoda sa Wawa” fluvial festival, where safety measures and crowd control are essential in maintaining a prayerful and peaceful experience. The objective of the study was to investigate how festival organizers prioritize the safety of devotees after a tragedy occurred 30 years ago, which resulted in the deaths of 266 people. Furthermore, this study explores the precautionary measures taken during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, recognizing devotees’ compliance and resilience for the common good. This study utilized a tripartite method, including reviewing relevant literature, participating in a pagoda fluvial parade, and conducting semi-structured interviews. The results were presented in a format that consisted of context, content, and challenges for the sake of coherence.

The Liturgical Movement in Context of Secularization: Late Modern Developments

The article highlights secular influences in contemporary understandings of liturgical participation by exploring the relationship between visions of the early modern liturgical movement and contemporary ways of understanding participation in the Church of Sweden. The constructs opine, understand, and do are used in the comparison as are the concepts participatio plena, participatio conscia, and participatio actuosa in Sacrosanctum Concilium. An overall reflection based on the analysis is that secular ideologies and trends not only influence liturgical form but tend to erode theological language itself. Religious individualism, combined with “internal ecclesial secularization,” tends to imbue the very understanding of church and of liturgy. A new phase in the liturgical movement called the “late modern liturgical movement” is discussed. The church appears here as the “church of the individual” and the liturgy in the sense of ordo is seen as an “open” order and framework, rather than as juxtaposition and sacramental event.

Islamic Foreign Policy: Principle and Practices

Islam is a religion and an ideology encompassing all aspects of human life. However, many Muslims currently misunderstand and misinterpret the holistic concept of Islam. This can be attributed to the intellectual limitations within the Muslim community and the influence of secularism and liberalism across the Islamic world. This article aims to clarify Islam's perspective on domestic and foreign politics, including its principles, objectives, and practices. This article employs a qualitative approach through gathering data from Islamic sources and other relevant sources to examine foreign policy concepts. This paper argues that Islam forms the foundation of Islamic foreign policy to disseminate its message (da'wah), which can be practised by way of either peaceful approaches (diplomacy) or forceful means (warfare). Moreover, with respect to practical considerations as regards optimising foreign policy interests, reliable expert analysis can be sought on matters such as negotiation strategies and war. As this is an elaboration on Islamic foreign policy in general, this article proposes that more detail and practical Islamic foreign policy issues should be conducted with regard to future research. 
 

Impact of financial inclusion on economic growth in secular and religious countries

PurposeEmpirical research on the relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth has neglected the influence of religion or secularism. This study aims to investigate the effect of financial inclusion on economic growth in religious and secular countries.Design/methodology/approachThe financial inclusion indicators are the number of automated teller machines (ATMs)per 100,000 adults and the number of bank branches per 100,000 adults. These two indicators are the accessibility dimension of financial inclusion based on physical points of service. The two-stage least square (2SLS) regression method was used to analyze the effect of financial inclusion on real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita growth and real GDP growth in religious and secular countries.FindingsBank branch contraction significantly increases economic growth in secular countries. Bank branch expansion combined with greater internet usage increases economic growth in secular countries while high ATM supply combined with greater internet usage decreases economic growth in secular countries. This study also finds that bank branch expansion, in the midst of a widening poverty gap, significantly increases economic growth in religious countries, implying that financial inclusion through bank branch expansion is effective in promoting economic growth in poor religious countries. It was also found that internet usage is a strong determinant of economic growth in secular countries.Originality/valueFew studies in the literature examined the effect of financial inclusion on economic growth. But the literature has not examined how financial inclusion affects economic growth in religious and secular countries.

UPAYA SULTAN ABDUL HAMID II DALAM MEMINIMALISIR SEKULARISME TURKI UTSMANI

Abstract This article examines the steps taken by Sultan Abdul Hamid II in narrowing the political influence of secularism within the Ottoman Empire. The secularism that occurred in the Ottoman Turks strengthened after the Tanzimat in 1839, this condition caused the decline of the spirit of Islam and the inclusion of westernization influences in Ottoman Turkey both from a social and political perspective. Seeing the growing secular political turmoil, Sultan Abdul Hamid initiated several ideas such as; Pan-Islamism, strengthening the supremacy of intelligence, and politics of compassion, these ideas were de-secularization movements in their era. The research method used in this study is a historical research method, with a social and political approach. The steps of the historical method are; heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography with these steps make this article credible and comprehensive. There are findings in this article that the steps taken by Sultan Abdul Hamid succeeded in suppressing the rate of secularism in Ottoman Turkey so that the Ottoman Turks were able to make pro-Islamic policies and were not influenced by the West.

The Lost of Gospel in The Church and Evangelism in the World: The Deadly Scream and the Answers

This research aims to explore the lost Gospel in worldwide churches, especially the evangelical churches in Indonesia and the loss of evangelism in the world. This research was stimulated by the influence of secularism and pragmatism in the church as a result of the change in worldview from the modern era to being postmodern. Based on content analysis research methods, analyzing specifically the contents of several major literatures, it was found that the Gospel and evangelism had indeed disappeared in many church organizations, including evangelical churches and schools of theology in Indonesia. Because of these churches tend to follow the world's mindset and standards, thus leaving the Gospel as the highest standard, as seen in their world-oriented and worldly-inclined way of life. Many churches are conforming to the world. In fact, the loss of the Gospel in the church and evangelization in the world is the biggest and most serious problem in the world, namely moral, mental and spiritual destruction and eternal destruction. For this reason, reformation of the Gospel and evangelism have become an important and urgent agenda, so that the church returns to its nature as a church, the sole agent of God's gospel in the world and returns to its main function, namely evangelizing the world. That is the only solution to the problems of the church and the world. This research is useful for theologians around the world to provide awareness and awareness for the church to carry out its function as the salt and light of the world through the Gospel and evangelism.

In the Web of Arguments and Interests: Debate in Vienna on the Introduction of the Subject Teacher System

The paper discusses the history of Vienna’s first attempt to introduce a subject teacher system. The last half of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of a lively debate over educational policy at the heart of the Habsburg Empire, driven by the secularisation and modernisation agenda of Enlightenment absolutism. Educational issues were at the centre of the monarch’s power and political aspirations vis-à-vis the Church, since it was in this area that the secular influence of the Church was hoped to be limited as quickly as possible. While the Court achieved significant and lasting partial successes in lower and higher education, the reform of grammar schools and need to rid them of ecclesiastical influence were almost completely neglected. The most important endeavour of those pushing for modernisation was the introduction of a subject teacher system. There were good reasons for doing so, since this could have paved the way for transforming, at a stroke, a curriculum which still reflected the centuries-old Jesuit tradition, removing monk teachers and guaranteeing the prevalence of secular viewpoints through state teacher training in the long term. The experiment, which can be divided into two intensive phases, had failed completely by the end of the 1810s but provided important lessons for both contemporaries and succeeding generations. Those involved with the struggles were able to observe the internal divisions within the Catholic Church and the strength of the reform Catholic group, while a few decades later, with the introduction of Entwurf, the first attempt at introducing the subject teacher system served as an applicable historical precedent for future generations to copy.

The Transformation of Muslim Education in the Philippines: A Revisit

Given the influence of secularism in interpreting social facts, the present study highlights the relevance of recognising cultural convergence as the ultimate panacea to the decades of unresolved conflicts amongst various cultural groups in the Philippines. The study underlines that the surviving epistemological foundation between two opposing cultures of knowledge must be taken as the point of reference in resolving historical injustices done to the Muslim communities. The transformation of Muslim education through government policy interventions and meaningful collaborations with Muslim leaders and scholars may provide a holistic framework for enhancing social and knowledge integration, particularly in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). As such, the present study does not intend to provide a comprehensive revision of historical accounts about Islam in the Philippines; instead, it proposes an alternative approach in writing a history of Muslim education by embracing the universal principles that shape human culture and civilisation. Framed from the national agenda for social integration via education, the study views the prominence of systematic narration of the past events that captured the characteristics of Muslim communities, whose system of life and governance is based on advanced culture and civilisation is shaped by tawhidic worldview. In addition, the study maintains that drifting away from humanities and civilisational studies, which aims to restore values, ethics, morality, and vitality to a system of knowledge, will certainly result in losing the essence of education. Therefore, historians of education need to get up to speed to educate and inform people of the values necessary for understanding the existence of others. The methodology of the study is qualitative. It relies on primary and secondary sources on the history of Muslim education in the Philippines, government documents regarding policies in addressing the problem of Muslims in the Philippines, unpublished works, and interviews in addition to library research. The study recommends that historians of education should embrace the true principle of cultural convergence. Such profound recognition of ‘others’ and ‘us’ via the history of education may be achieved through inclusivity and open-minded outlooks, which recognises that BARMM is plural and a diverse community that is mutually connected with the universal teachings of Islam as religion, which encompasses culture, and civilisation.

Transformation of Muslim Education in the Philippines: A Revisit

Given the influence of secularism in interpreting social facts, the present study highlights the relevance of recognising cultural convergence as the ultimate panacea to the decades of unresolved conflicts amongst various cultural groups in the Philippines. The study underlines that the surviving epistemological foundation between two opposing cultures of knowledge must be taken as the point of reference in resolving historical injustices done to the Muslim communities. The transformation of Muslim education through government policy interventions and meaningful collaborations with Muslim leaders and scholars may provide a holistic framework for enhancing social and knowledge integration, particularly in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). As such, the present study does not intend to provide a comprehensive revision of historical accounts about Islam in the Philippines; instead, it proposes an alternative approach in writing a history of Muslim education by embracing the universal principles that shape human culture and civilisation. Framed from the national agenda for social integration via education, the study views the prominence of systematic narration of the past events that captured the characteristics of Muslim communities, whose system of life and governance is based on advanced culture and civilisation is shaped by tawhidic worldview. In addition, the study maintains that drifting away from humanities and civilisational studies, which aims to restore values, ethics, morality, and vitality to a system of knowledge, will certainly result in losing the essence of education. Therefore, historians of education need to get up to speed to educate and inform people of the values necessary for understanding the existence of others. The methodology of the study is qualitative. It relies on primary and secondary sources on the history of Muslim education in the Philippines, government documents regarding policies in addressing the problem of Muslims in the Philippines, unpublished works, and interviews in addition to library research. The study recommends that historians of education should embrace the true principle of cultural convergence. Such profound recognition of ‘others’ and ‘us’ via the history of education may be achieved through inclusivity and open-minded outlooks, which recognises that BARMM is plural and a diverse community that is mutually connected with the universal teachings of Islam as religion, which encompasses culture, and civilisation.

Holocene microbialite geochemistry records > 6000 years of secular influence of terrigenous flux on water quality for the southern Great Barrier Reef

Anthropocene climate change and water quality degradation represent unprecedented challenges to modern coral reefs. Although declining reef health after European colonization is well documented around the world and increased terrigenous sediment flux is known to have terminated deglacial reefs in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), longer-term patterns of water quality are poorly understood. Here we present the first direct proxy-based Holocene water quality reconstruction for any reef. The unique geochronological framework provided by cores from Heron and One Tree reefs (offshore, southern GBR) allowed reconstruction of offshore water quality from 8200 to 1800 years before present (BP) using centennially resolved microbialite-based geochemical proxies. Terrigenous sediment-sourced trace elements were measured in microbialites from a well dated succession of reef rock and in paleosol (ancient soil) formed at the Pleistocene-Holocene unconformity. Microbialite-hosted rare earth element and yttrium distributions (e.g., Nd/YbSN = 0.36; Y/Ho = 57) are consistent with precipitation from shallow oxygenated seawater but show a non-linear trend through the Holocene with distinct intervals of higher and lower terrigenous influence relative to average values. Immediately following reef initiation (>8300 years ago) our data suggest increasing terrigenous influence by 8000 ka. Surrounding reef seawater became less affected by terrigenous runoff from ~7000 years ago, but showed marked mid-Holocene variability related to regional climatic factors. Major fluctuations between intervals of high and low relative terrigenous influence correlate well with particular regional and more global climate records. These include local relative sea level fluctuations, fluctuations in Indian-Australian Summer Monsoon (IASM) strength, and dampened El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) frequency corresponding to greater terrigenous influence in the southern GBR at ~7.0, 5.4, and 2.7 ka BP. Water quality then improved significantly after 3200 years BP. More broadly, it is well established that water quality has a major effect on reefs and reef communities, but for past reef history, inferences about water quality are commonly highly speculative. Reefal microbialite geochemistry provides an independent, high-quality proxy for ambient water quality that can be used to directly compare contemporaneous reef growth dynamics and ecological shifts to changing water quality. The high concentrations of trace elements in reefal microbialites, relative to other marine carbonates, provide a very robust, if time averaged, proxy for investigating ancient seawater chemistry, even in offshore reefs, such as Heron Reef. At the same time, the proxy provides a new independent data set for that may aid interpretation and model of climate change relevant to reef growth at centennial to millennial scales. As reefal microbialites are common in many global reef systems, where associated with high quality dating, they may provide useful proxies for investigating secular changes in water quality and associated climatic drivers at various temporal scales in other regions of the world.

Islamic Education in the Context of Globalization: Facing the Challenges of Secularism and Materialism

Islamic education in the era of globalization faces various challenges, especially from the increasingly strong influence of secularism and materialism. Globalization brings major changes in social, economic, and cultural aspects, which affect the way the younger generation views religion and life. Islamic education needs to adapt to the demands of the times without sacrificing the spiritual values ​​that are its foundation. This study aims to identify strategies for strengthening Islamic education in facing the challenges of globalization, secularism, and materialism. This study uses a qualitative approach, by collecting data from various relevant research results and studies. After the data is collected, the analysis process is carried out in-depth to find relevant and significant findings. The results of this study indicate that Islamic education must integrate spiritual values ​​with modern sciences to remain relevant in the era of globalization. The main challenge is to maintain traditional values ​​while following developments in global science and technology. Islamic education also needs to respond to the influence of secularism with strategies that integrate religion in all aspects of life, not just in the formal curriculum. The materialism that prioritizes worldly success needs to be balanced with the instillation of spiritual awareness and social responsibility. Adaptive and innovative strategies for strengthening Islamic education are required to face the influence of globalization while maintaining the identity and moral values ​​taught in Islam.

Defining Financial Management Within Sakeenah Family

Secularism has been entering every aspect of life, including a micro-level of financial management of a family. This study sheds light on how religious views can be used to minimize the influence of secularism. This study was mainly aimed at demonstrating how sacred goals in Muslim families, through Sakeenah values, can be used as an antidote to secularism practices in managing family finance. Thirteen contextual characteristics of financial management in eight Muslim families were identified using the Grounded Theory method. These characteristics were used to verify main concepts—basic financial management, family structure, Sakeenah elements, and a form of secularism—usury. Using the Grounded Theory method was also the other aim of this study that demonstrated its use to deepen the interrelation between those four main concepts and those characteristics contextually. Several limitations surfaced after the analyses, and this allowed recommendations for future studies.

I Like the Practical Side. Early Career Teachers in Catholic Schools, Interpretative Autonomy, and Negotiating Secular and Religious Boundaries. A Preliminary Study

This study is a preliminary examination of early career teachers who work in Catholic schools in a regional Australian diocese. By examining early career teachers, the aim is to better understand religious and secular influences on an indicative group of teachers, and how these influences may shape their work in Catholic schools. A number of analytical categories are used to describe early career teachers, including the notion of interpretive autonomy. This allows early career teachers to negotiate their engagement with the school, with reference to their personal choices. Key findings identify the importance of values in shaping teachers’ identity, and the place of the school as the most prominent marker of teachers’ religious life. A number of recommendations for teacher formation are provided in light of the findings.

The Influence of Secularism from Greek Mythology on Teaching in Engineering Culture

Greek mythology is the crystallization of human wisdom and valuable cultural heritage of western civilization, in which the anthropomorphized god reveals the humanistic tendency in secularism of the ancient Greeks. Engineering is the product of human civilization, which develops in the objective and realistic schools of thought, and the engineering culture reflects the social ideology of a certain historical period. The Greek personified gods were restored to the world in the engineering culture. Therefore, the study of the relationship between Greek mythology and engineering culture has transcended narrow professional boundaries and has far-reaching historical value and modern significance on engineering education and teaching.