The paper contains an analysis of the stress distribution in bolted flanged joints of pressure vessels, and presents a design procedure for such joints based on the analysis. Existing bases of design are unsatisfactory in that they are derived from treatments which assume elastic conditions to apply, and so lead to fictitiously high stresses. These stresses imply that parts of the joint assembly yield plastically. The analysis in the paper takes account of such plastic behaviour. The design procedure includes methods for determining the critical dimensions of a joint, including the number and size of bolts. It is shown that there is an approximate limit of 25,000 on the product of design pressure (lb. per sq. in.) and inside diameter of flange (inches) within which it is possible to design flanged joints with flat gaskets. A formula is derived whereby a preliminary estimate of the flange thickness may be readily obtained. Other formulae are given which enable closer approximations to be made of the thickness required depending upon the extent of the influence of plastic strain. Examples are given to illustrate the design procedure.
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