Influence Of Personality Research Articles

Aberrant neural computation of social controllability in nicotine-dependent humans

Social controllability, or the ability to exert control during social interactions, is crucial for optimal decision-making. Inability to do so might contribute to maladaptive behaviors such as smoking, which often takes place in social settings. Here, we examined social controllability in nicotine-dependent humans as they performed an fMRI task where they could influence the offers made by simulated partners. Computational modeling revealed that smokers under-estimated the influence of their actions and self-reported a reduced sense of control, compared to non-smokers. These findings were replicated in a large independent sample of participants recruited online. Neurally, smokers showed reduced tracking of forward projected choice values in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and impaired computation of social prediction errors in the midbrain. These results demonstrate that smokers were less accurate in estimating their personal influence when the social environment calls for control, providing a neurocomputational account for the social cognitive deficits in this population. Pre-registrations: OSF Registries|How interoceptive state interacts with value-based decision-making in addiction (fMRI study). OSF Registries|COVID-19: social cognition, mental health, and social distancing (online study).

When and how perceived control buffers against cognitive declines: A moderated mediation analysis.

Although perceived control is a well-established predictor of cognitive aging, less is known about how and under what developmental circumstances these beliefs about personal influence may protect against cognitive declines. Our study examined light physical activity (LPA) as an unexplored mechanism that may link changes in two facets of perceived control (personal mastery, perceived constraints) to longitudinal trajectories of cognitive functioning. We also examined whether mediated pathways were moderated by age (i.e., differed across the adult lifespan). We analyzed two-wave, 9-year data from the national Midlife in the United States Study (n = 2,456; Mage = 56 years, range = 30-84; 56% female) using autoregressive mediation and moderated mediation models. Mediation models showed that changes in personal mastery and perceived constraints predicted episodic memory and executive functioning via self-reported change in LPA. Only the mediated effects of constraints remained significant in a model that included both mastery and constraints as predictors. Moderated mediation models showed that, for episodic memory, the mediated pathways were strongest in old age and emerged only for constraints: For older but not younger adults, declines in constraints were associated with less decline in episodic memory, as mediated by increases in LPA. Results were consistent in sensitivity analyses that controlled for levels and change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Findings inform lifespan theories of control and provide initial evidence that change in a largely overlooked health behavior (LPA) may underlie the link between perceived constraints and cognitive functioning, with this pathway becoming more pronounced in late life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Discerning Deinfibulation: Impact of Personal, Professional, and Familial Influences on Decision-Making.

The past decades have seen large numbers of Somali women migrate across the globe. It is critical for healthcare workers in host countries to understand healthcare needs of Somali women. The majority of Somali female migrants experience female genital cutting (FGC). The most common type in Somalia is Type 3 or infibulation, the narrowing of the vaginal introitus. Deinfibulation opens the introitus to reduce poor health outcomes and/or allow for vaginal births. In this study, we explored the perspectives of Somali women living in the United States about deinfibulation. We recruited 75 Somali women who had experienced FGC through community-based participatory research methods. Bilingual community researchers conducted qualitative interviews in Somali or English. University faculty and community-based researchers coded data together in a participatory-analysis process. We identified four themes. (1) Personal Views: participants reported positive attitudes toward deinfibulation and varied on the appropriateness of deinfibulation before marriage. (2) Benefits: identified benefits included alleviation of health problems; improved sexual health, in particular reduction or prevention of sexual pain; and reclamation of body and womanhood. (3) Barriers: these included associated stigma and lack of knowledge by providers. (4) Decision-Making: most reported that husbands, healthcare providers, and elder female community members may provide advice about if and/or when to seek deinfibulation, though some felt deinfibulation decisions are solely up to the impacted woman. An ecological framework is used to frame the findings and identify the importance of healthcare workers in assisting women who have been infibulated make decisions.

“GO AND GET IT CHECKED”: EXPLORING THE DECISION TO ATTEND THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT FOR LOW BACK PAIN

Purpose and backgroundLow back pain burdens individuals, society and services, including Emergency Departments (ED), straining services and prolonging wait times. Despite reported personal influences on deciding to attend ED, the role of third-party advice remains underexplored. Sparse guidance for clinicians and service-users highlights the need for effective back pain management strategies, to alleviate system pressure and optimise patient outcomes. This study explored how advice influences the decision to attend the ED for back pain.Methods and ResultsFrom a subtle realist stance, the design was a secondary analysis of qualitative data, where 47 patients (26M:21F, aged 23–79 years) with back pain were purposively sampled from four EDs (2 Northern and 2 Southern) in England between August and December 2021. Eight patients had previously visited ED for this episode of back pain. As this was during the pandemic, semi-structured interviews were conducted online, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a reflective thematic analysis.Three themes were identified as crucial in making the decision to attend ED: The Healthcare professional; Trusted others; and the Individual. Healthcare professionals often dictated decisions, leaving participants feeling powerless. Trusted others provided varying support levels, often acting as allies. Individuals grappled with anxieties around their condition and treatment expectations.ConclusionThis study highlights the need for clinicians to provide clarity and guidance to individuals and their Trusted others, seeking advice regarding escalation to visit the ED with back pain. There was evidence that worrying about pain was a significant motivator for attending ED, resulting in malalignment with current practice guidelines.No conflicts of interest Sources of fundingFunding for primary data: Health Education England & National Institute of Health and Care Research (ICA-CDRF-2018-04-ST2-040)

Pathway to Public Health: Investigating Reasons Behind the University of Sunderland Students Pursuit of Postgraduate Studies

Background: Postgraduate studies in public health are vital for addressing global healthcare challenges. This study examines the factors motivating students at the University of Sunderland to pursue advanced degrees in public health, aiming to understand both personal and external influences on their educational choices. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional quantitative design, utilizing a structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions. The research was conducted at the University of Sunderland's main and London campuses, targeting postgraduate public health students. Purposive sampling was used to select participants, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 28.0, focusing on descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, and standard deviations. Results: Out of 102 respondents, 94 met the eligibility criteria. The mean age was 31.5 years, with a majority being female (61.8%) and from the African continent (58.5%). Most respondents (52.1%) had clinical experience, and a significant portion (66%) cited career advancement as their primary motivation. Other notable motivations included improving community health (60.6%) and a desire to work in healthcare policy (44.7%). Cultural background significantly influenced motivations related to global health challenges, while academic history significantly affected motivations concerning community health improvement and disease prevention. Discussion: The findings highlight the diverse motivations driving students to pursue postgraduate public health studies, with career advancement being the most significant factor. Cultural and academic backgrounds play crucial roles in shaping these motivations, suggesting the need for tailored support and resources to address the specific needs of diverse student populations. The study underscores the importance of understanding these motivational factors to enhance educational strategies and support services for public health students.

Tracking Census Online Self-Completion Using Twitter Posts

From the start of data collection for the 2020 US Census, official and celebrity users tweeted about the importance of everyone being counted in the Census and urged followers to complete the questionnaire (so-called social media campaign.) At the same time, social media posts expressing skepticism about the Census became increasingly common. This study distinguishes between different prototypical Twitter user groups and investigates their possible impact on (online) self-completion rate for the 2020 Census, according to Census Bureau data. Using a network analysis method, Community Detection, and a clustering algorithm, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), three prototypical user groups were identified: “Official Government Agency,” “Census Advocate,” and “Census Skeptic.” The prototypical Census Skeptic user was motivated by events about which an influential person had tweeted (e.g., “Republicans in Congress signal Census cannot take extra time to count”). This group became the largest one over the study period. The prototypical Census Advocate was motivated more by official tweets and was more active than the prototypical Census Skeptic. The Official Government Agency user group was the smallest of the three, but their messages—primarily promoting completion of the Census—seemed to have been amplified by Census Advocate, especially celebrities and politicians. We found that the daily size of the Census Advocate user group—but not the other two—predicted the 2020 Census online self-completion rate within five days after a tweet was posted. This finding suggests that the Census social media campaign was successful in promoting completion, apparently due to the help of Census Advocate users who encouraged people to fill out the Census and amplified official tweets. This finding demonstrates that a social media campaign can positively affect public behavior regarding an essential national project like the Decennial Census.

The Influence of Proactive Personality on Proactive Work Behavior through Job Satisfaction, Work Engagement, and Role Breadth Self-Efficacy at PT PLN UP3 West Surabaya

Proactive work behavior is an important element for workers even though they can work flexibly. Made it happenProactive Work Behavior cannot be separated from Role Breadth Self-Efficacy (RBSE) because Role Breadth Self-Efficacy refers to employees' confidence in their ability to engage in proactive, social, and integrative activities beyond their standard duties. Work Engagement also makes an important contribution to proactive behavior. Specifically, through proactive goal setting and achievement, a person is more likely to have their needs met when they are satisfied with their work. Individuals who experience positive affective states associated with Job Satisfaction are likely to change their situation proactively and exhibit higher levels of innovative behavior. Proactive Personality also influences employee behavior that is profitable for the company by putting effort into their work. Creating a work environment that can encourage employee creativity. This research is quantitative. Using Partial Least Square with a sample size of 54 permanent employees of PT PLN UP3 West Surabaya. The research results show that Proactive Personality significantly influences Proactive Work Behavior. Job Satisfaction was found to act as a significant mediator between Proactive Personality and Proactive Work Behavior. Work engagement has also been proven to be an important mediator in the relationship between proactive personality and proactive work behavior. Role Breadth Self-Efficacy plays a significant mediating role. Employees who are confident in their ability to fulfill a broader range of roles tend to be more proactive in taking initiative and making improvements in the workplace, which contributes to innovation and improved work processes. The results of this study indicate that the three mediating variables, namely Job Satisfaction, Work Engagement, and Role Breadth Self-Efficacy, together strengthen the influence of Proactive Personality on Proactive Work Behavior. The combination of these factors creates an environment that supports employees to behave more proactively, which is critical to meeting operational challenges and meeting customer needs.

Большая пятерка личностных черт как модератор взаимосвязи между языковой тревожностью и креативной личностью

<p>Foreign language anxiety has received significant attention since many learners experience psychological barriers when learning a language. At the same time, numerous teaching methods aim to create a more efficient approach to language learning. Current research seeks to determine the influence of creative personality and the Big Five Personality Traits (BFPT) on Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety (FLCA). The respondents (N=452) aged between 16 and 45 (M=23,41, SD=7,22) received the Creative Personality Scale by Renzulli, the Ten Item Personality Inventory by Gosling, Rentfrow and Swann, and the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale by Horwitz evaluating test anxiety, communication apprehension, and fear of negative evaluation. We hypothesize that creative personality predicts FLCA components and the BFPT moderates the relationship between creative personality and FLCA. We found that creative personality significantly predicted FLCA We also found that agreeableness has a moderating effect on the relationship between creative personality and communication apprehension and creative personality and test anxiety, respectively. Based on the findings, we suggested that teachers should pay more attention to the learners’ individual differences. First, it is essential to implement creativity-nurturing methods of teaching more consciously. Second, online or offline teaching methods could decrease communication apprehension depending on the learners’ agreeableness.</p>

Development and Improvement of Celebrity Foundations in China

As a form of contemporary philanthropic organizations, celebrity foundations have emerged as a new entity in the field of social charity. Supported by the personal identity and influence of celebrities, the development of celebrity foundations is significantly influenced by their fame and impact. Compared to traditional foundations, celebrity foundations possess broader influence and quicker fundraising capabilities. However, Chinese celebrity foundations also encounter challenges during operation, such as excessive reliance on celebrity effects, insufficient management capabilities, lack of transparency, and insufficient specialization. In response to these challenges, celebrity foundations should improve in the following aspects: firstly, celebrity foundations should moderately separate from celebrities and establish their own brand and credibility. Secondly, internal governance structures need further enhancement, with increased supervision and standardization of fund utilization and project management, as well as collaboration with professional teams to provide more specialized support for celebrity foundations. Lastly, talent recruitment and cultivation should be emphasized to establish a specialized team belonging to the foundations brand, thus enhancing the foundations management level and operational efficiency.

Development and Improvement of Celebrity Foundations in China

As a form of contemporary philanthropic organizations, celebrity foundations have emerged as a new entity in the field of social charity. Supported by the personal identity and influence of celebrities, the development of celebrity foundations is significantly influenced by their fame and impact. Compared to traditional foundations, celebrity foundations possess broader influence and quicker fundraising capabilities. However, Chinese celebrity foundations also encounter challenges during operation, such as excessive reliance on celebrity effects, insufficient management capabilities, lack of transparency, and insufficient specialization. In response to these challenges, celebrity foundations should improve in the following aspects: firstly, celebrity foundations should moderately separate from celebrities and establish their own brand and credibility. Secondly, internal governance structures need further enhancement, with increased supervision and standardization of fund utilization and project management, as well as collaboration with professional teams to provide more specialized support for celebrity foundations. Lastly, talent recruitment and cultivation should be emphasized to establish a specialized team belonging to the foundations brand, thus enhancing the foundations management level and operational efficiency.

Personality, sex and capture biases: Challenges for predator monitoring and management

Abstract The behaviour of vertebrate pests, such as invasive species and nuisance native animals, towards control devices present a major challenge for wildlife managers. Physical devices, such as live capture or kill‐traps, serve as essential management tools, yet the efficacy of these devices can be compromised when some individuals fail to engage with devices, risking the failure of an entire management operation. A more nuanced understanding of how behavioural variability within target populations influences interactions with different device types is needed to improve the detectability of recalcitrant individuals that fail to engage with devices and are subsequently missed by research and management activities. We tested the behavioural responses of 28 wild‐caught stoats Mustela erminea, a highly successful invader in Aotearoa New Zealand, to three devices representing a range of styles commonly used for mesopredator research and management (box trap, tunnel trap and head‐up trap). We assessed the influence of stoat personality, sex and device type on susceptibility to devices (probability and latency to trigger) and found all had independent and interactive effects. In general, stoats which were shyer, less active, less exploratory and less neophiliac (low attraction to novelty) took significantly longer to trigger devices and had significantly lower probabilities of triggering devices. The influence of boldness on the probability of stoats triggering devices during first encounter differed significantly by trap type, and the box and tunnel traps targeted opposite ends of the personality spectrum. Trap recalcitrance (avoidance of the standard control measures) was greatest in shy female stoats and females generally had lower susceptibility to all devices compared to males. Synthesis and applications: Targeting recalcitrant individuals may pose a considerable problem if a failure to trigger a trap result in a long‐term and generalised avoidance of devices. We emphasise the importance of accounting for inter‐individual differences in responses to devices, addressing the motivations of recalcitrant individuals during fieldwork and accounting for these differences during data interpretation.

Provider perspectives on adolescent access to contraception in South Africa.

Poor access to contraception influences adolescent health outcomes and may lead to sexual and reproductive health challenges. Unmet sexual and reproductive health should contribute to unplanned adolescent pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, and other conditions. Therefore, it is crucial to enable adolescents to access appropriate contraceptive methods easily. This study explored factors influencing adolescents' access to contraceptive methods from the perspective of primary healthcare providers in South Africa. This study was conducted in two health districts of the Western Cape province in South Africa: the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality and the West Coast district. Using a qualitative research design, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 healthcare providers who work in primary healthcare clinics. Subsequently, the interviews were transcribed and verified for errors. Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis model guided the data analysis using ATLAS.ti software (version 22). The study adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies checklist for qualitative research. Four themes emerged through the data analysis: (1) personal influences, (2) community-level influences, (3) health system influences, and (4) policy-level influences. Representative quotations were used to illustrate the themes and sub-themes. Adolescence is shaped by various influences that affect adolescents' ability to access contraception. These factors include their awareness of contraception, social environment, provider biases and school policies. Understanding these influences is crucial for addressing unintended pregnancies and promoting sexual and reproductive health among this age group.Contribution:This study highlights strategies that facilitate and hinder adolescents' access to contraception.

Mechanisms of the influence of proactive personality on nurses' sense of social responsibility: A structural equation modelling study.

To explore the mechanism of proactive personality influence on nurses' sense of social responsibility through a serial multiple mediation model of volunteering motivation and self-efficacy. Further analysis of a cross-sectional and survey-based study. In June 2023, a study was conducted with 722 Chinese nurses from four hospitals. Data were collected using the Proactive Personality Scale, the Self-Efficacy Scale, the Motivation to Volunteer Scale and the Nurses' Sense of Social Responsibility Scale. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the relationship between nurses' sense of social responsibility and its correlative factors. Structural equation modelling showed a good model fit. Proactive personality, self-efficacy and motivation to volunteer can directly influence nurses' sense of social responsibility (β = .12, β = .04, β = .50, p < .05). According to the test of chained mediation effects, proactive personality was significant through a single mediation path of self-efficacy (Z = 2.33, p < .05) and motivation to volunteer (Z = 7.32, p < .05) and through successive mediation paths of both variables (Z = 3.33, p < .05). A proactive personality can motivate nurses' social responsibility. Therefore, prompting nurses to be more proactive can effectively enhance nurses' sense of social responsibility. This study was reported following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for cross-sectional studies. This study explored the mechanisms influencing nurses' sense of social responsibility at the end of the epidemic. The results may inform the maintenance of high levels of long-term effects of nurses' social responsibility and shed light on building a standing workforce for public health emergencies.

Exploring the impact of entrepreneurial experience on future entrepreneurship aspirations

This paper evaluates how different types of direct and vicarious experience in entrepreneurship determine the perceived entrepreneurial intention in short, medium, and long-term horizons. The paper concludes with a discussion of the importance of considering both personal experiences and social influences in designing curriculum. A survey was conducted on four types of entrepreneurial experience and four intention horizons. Two of the experiences were direct experiences: current and previous, whilst two were vicarious: family and knowing someone. The four intention horizons were now, short-term, long-term and no intention. The study looks at 679 agricultural students from universities in both China and the United Kingdom. The paper uses the integrated model of entrepreneurial intentions together with a temporal horizon model of intention as the theoretical underpinning for this approach. The study’s results reinforce the positive relationship between family experience and long-term intentions, thus supporting the idea that familial exposure to entrepreneurship can shape individuals’ long-term entrepreneurial aspirations. The lack of a significant association between current direct experience and long-term intentions deviates from previous research and may be attributed to other factors influencing individuals’ long-term intentions, such as changing circumstances or evolving entrepreneurial opportunities. The cohorts available, whilst from China and UK, as participants were limited which presents several opportunities to expand upon this work and challenge its central premise. An understanding of the role of family in shaping long-term entrepreneurial intention has widespread social implications. The discovery that individuals with entrepreneurial experience, be it direct or through vicarious means, generally show heightened entrepreneurial intentions, coupled with the insight that knowing an entrepreneur correlates with shorter-term intention horizons, whereas family-influenced experiences align with longer-term venture creation ambitions, offers valuable new perspectives for those involved in entrepreneurial education and support.

Curriculum in conflict: influences of Australian teacher’s decision-making for students with complex disabilities

ABSTRACT This paper is an exploratory study of the personal and systematic influences over the curriculum decision-making process of teachers of students with severe or profound and multiple learning difficulties in Australia. The way in which these influences impact teacher perceptions of the mandated curriculum and its day-to-day operationalization are discussed. The paper draws from both a national survey (n = 46) and in-depth case studies (n = 5) of teachers who work in government-funded specialist educational settings. Findings show that teachers have prominent levels of emotionality, a drive for creativity and dedication to inclusive practice, but ultimately work within a context perceived through conflict and dilemma. Previous related decision-making models are used to compare results, with some distinct differences emerging. Findings indicate that rather than enabling inclusion, standardized curriculums create an environment of professional (self)exclusion and reduce access to professional support. Increases in responsibility burden and negative emotional effects are explored. Although teachers view access to standardized curriculum programs as vital to educational inclusion and the enhancement of their professional expertise, the utilization of the current offering in Australia is makeshift at best and fraught with internal conflict. The implications of these findings are discussed, and future recommendations for research are prioritized.

Démuth, Andrej – Démuthová, Slávka (Eds.): A Conceptual and Semantic Analysis of the Qualitative Domains of Aesthetic and Moral Emotions: An Introduction

"A Conceptual and Semantic Analysis of the Qualitative Domains of Aesthetic and Moral Emotions" by Andrej Demuth and Slávka Demuthová explores the crucial intersection of aesthetic and moral emotions. Understanding these emotions is vital for grasping human psychology and social behaviour, as they shape personal experiences and influence societal norms and ethics. Scholars like Immanuel Kant and Martha Nussbaum have emphasised the role of aesthetics in moral judgement, highlighting how sensory experiences inform our sense of right and wrong. This book's exploration of the semantics and etymology of terms related to aesthetics and moral emotions enhances our understanding of how language shapes emotional experiences and provides historical insights into evolving perceptions of beauty and disgust. This study has significant implications for legal research, where morality, ethics, and justice are influenced by emotional and aesthetic judgements. By examining these judgements, legal scholars can better understand biases, interpret laws more fairly, and develop frameworks that resonate with the complexities of human psychology, enriching both legal theory and practice.

The Influence of Personality, Leadership Style, and the Decision-Making Process on Employee Performance

The Influence of Personality, Leadership Style, and the Decision-Making Process on Employee Performance

The Influence Of Brand Image, Brand Personality And Brand Trust On Brand Loyalty For Indomie Noodle Products (Survey of Management Study Program Students at University Perjuangan Tasikmalaya)

This research aims to determine the influence of Brand Image, Brand Personality and Brand Trust on Brand Loyalty of Indomie noodle products among consumers at Tasikmalaya University of Struggle students. The method used is quantitative with a research sample of 100 respondents. The data used are primary and secondary data. The analytical tool used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 25. Based on the results of this research, it shows that Brand Image, Brand Personality and Brand Trust simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on Brand Loyalty. Brand Image partially has a significant effect on Brand Loyalty. Brand Personality partially has a significant effect on Brand Loyalty. Brand Trust partially has a significant effect on Brand Loyalty.

Exploring Financial Behavior: A Qualitative Investigation into Psychological Factors Influencing Risk Preferences and Investment Decisions

This qualitative study investigates the psychological determinants influencing risk preferences and investment decisions. Grounded in phenomenology and interpretivism, the research aims to explore subjective experiences related to financial behavior. Employing purposive sampling, participants were selected based on diverse criteria. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. Thematic analysis revealed intricate interplays between personal experiences, cognitive biases, emotions, social influences, and financial literacy, shaping individuals' risk perceptions and decision-making processes. Findings underscore the multifaceted nature of financial behavior, highlighting the significance of personality traits, cognitive styles, and decision-making biases. Risk-averse individuals prioritized capital preservation, while sensation seekers pursued high-risk, high-reward investments. Moreover, individuals' self-efficacy influenced their investment strategies. Cognitive biases, such as overconfidence and loss aversion, further impacted investment decisions. The study emphasizes the importance of considering psychological factors in designing personalized financial interventions and educational programs. Future research directions include longitudinal studies, cross-cultural comparisons, and interdisciplinary approaches integrating insights from psychology, economics, and finance. This research contributes to the advancement of knowledge in behavioral finance and informs practical implications for financial advisors and policymakers, aiming to enhance individuals' financial well-being and decision-making competence.

Why and how does the Dark Triad personality influence knowledge hiding? A generativity perspective

PurposeDrawing on the generativity framework, this study aims to investigate the relationship between the Dark Triad personalities (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and knowledge hiding. This study also identifies the mediating role of generativity motivation and the moderating role of focus on opportunities.Design/methodology/approachUsing a convenience sample, a two-wave time-lagged study collected survey responses from 498 employees from manufacturing industries in China, and the data was analyzed using hierarchal regression and bootstrapping methods.FindingsThis study found that Machiavellianism and psychopathy are both positively related to generativity motivation. The generativity motivation plays a mediating role in the paths of Machiavellianism and psychopathy on knowledge hiding, and a focus on opportunities positively moderates the direct and indirect effect of Machiavellianism and psychopathy on knowledge hiding.Originality/valueBased on the generativity framework, we find a new underlying mechanism between the Dark Triad personalities and knowledge hiding, thereby further enriching the literature in relation to their influence over knowledge management. Moreover, it also finds that a focus on opportunities can weaken the negative relationships between the Dark Triad personalities and knowledge hiding.