Influence Of Parental Socioeconomic Status Research Articles

A process model of parental executive functioning as a spillover mechanism linking interparental conflict and parenting difficulties across parenting domains.

There is a well-documented interdependency between destructive interparental conflict (IPC) and parenting difficulties (i.e., spillover effect), yet little is known about the mechanisms that "carry" spillover between IPC and parenting. Guided by a cascade model framework, the current study used a longitudinal, multimethod, multi-informant design to examine a process model of spillover that tested whether parental executive functioning (working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control) served as a mediator of the prospective associations between IPC and subsequent changes in parenting over a 2-year period. Mothers and fathers were separated into differentiated models and multiple domains of parenting were examined (i.e., authoritarian discipline and scaffolding behavior). Participants included 231 families (both mothers and fathers of preschoolers). Race was reported as White (62%), Black (21%), Mixed (8%), Asian (3%), or Other (6%) and 14% considered their ethnicity to be Hispanic/Latino. Median household income was $65,000. Results indicated that for fathers, IPC indirectly predicted domain-general parenting difficulties (increased authoritarian parenting and decreased scaffolding) via deficits in paternal cognitive flexibility (but not inhibitory control or working memory). In mothers, IPC directly predicted domain-specific parenting difficulties (decreased scaffolding only) that did not operate via maternal executive functions. Notably, these effects occurred over and above the influence of parental socioeconomic status. This study constitutes a first step toward documenting parental executive functioning as a mechanism underlying the spillover of IPC to the parent-child relationship. Family interventions intended to interrupt IPC spillover should emphasize father involvement and consider targeting parental executive functions as change mechanisms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Early Postoperative Benefits in Receptive and Expressive Language Development After Cochlear Implantation Under 9 Months of Age in Comparison to Implantation at Later Ages.

The recent expansion of eligibility for cochlear implantation (CI) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to include infants as young as 9 months has reignited debates concerning the clinically appropriate cut-off age for pediatric CI. Our study compared the early postoperative trajectories of receptive and expressive language development in children who received CI before 9 months of age with those who received it between 9 and 12 months. This study involved a unique pediatric cohort with documented etiology, where the timing of CI was based on objective criteria and efforts were made to minimize the influence of parental socioeconomic status. A retrospective review of 98 pediatric implantees recruited at a tertiary referral center was conducted. The timing of CI was based on auditory and language criteria focused on the extent of delay corresponding to the bottom 1st percentile of language development among age-matched controls, with patients categorized into very early (CI at <9 months), early (CI at 9-12 months) and delayed (CI at 12-18 months) CI groups. Postoperative receptive/expressive language development was assessed using the Sequenced Language Scale for Infants receptive and expressive standardized scores and percentiles. Only the very early CI group showed significant improvements in receptive language starting at 3 months post-CI, aligning with normal-hearing peers by 9 months and maintaining this level until age 2 years. During this period (<2 years), all improvements were more pronounced in receptive language than in expressive language. CI before 9 months of age significantly improved receptive language development compared to later CI, with improvements sustained at least up to the age of 2. This study supports the consideration of earlier CI, beyond pediatric Food and Drug Administration labeling criteria (>9 months), in children with profound deafness who have a clear deafness etiology and language development delays (<1st percentile).

Does parental socio-economic status matter for the success of start-ups of first-time founders? Evidence from Germany

The aim of this paper is to establish the influence of parental socio-economic status on profitability and growth of first-time founders in Germany. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 first-time founders to establish their socio-economic status, parental influence on their success as founders, and the impact of parental socio-economic status on their financial success. The main findings showed that the majority of participants believed that high socio-economic status of parents had a significant positive effect on the financial success of new start-ups, although those from lower socio-economic backgrounds could also succeed. The characteristics of unequal social status were often expressed and the status of German as a nation with low social mobility confirmed. However, the extent to which financial support and context networks supported founders from high socio-economic status families was difficult to ascertain as founders were often unwilling to admit its actual influence. In contrast, the parental influences on values and positive attributes relating to their success were more freely discussed. Based on the revenues and valuation of the start-up companies, two trends for first time founder success were identified: the most successful founders had parents with high socio-economic status; some very successful founders demonstrated high social mobility, which is contrary to the existing data that social mobility in German is very low.

Sports participation of children and adolescents in Germany: disentangling the influence of parental socioeconomic status

BackgroundParticipation in sports and physical activity (PA) is a critical resource for children’s health and social development. This study analyzes how the parental socioeconomic status (SES) of children and adolescents affects their PA in sports clubs (organized sports) and outside of sports clubs (unorganized sports) and tests whether the potential impact of parental SES is mediated by the opportunity structure of their residential area (walkability, infrastructure, etc.) and by family and peer support for PA. Furthermore, PA is analyzed respecting differences by gender and migration background.MethodsUsing representative data from the MoMo/KiGGS study (2009–2012 and 2014–2017), we take into account about 8000 measurements from about 7000 subjects. We estimate hurdle regression models to analyze the minutes per week spent on sports activities.ResultsResults show that children with a higher parental SES, children living in areas with many opportunities for PA, and children receiving family and peer support are more physically active than children without these features. Controlled for opportunities and support, status effects are small but visible. The differences regarding parental SES are much more apparent for organized sports than for unorganized sports, indicating the relevance of economic resources. Boys are more active than girls, whereas there is no clear effect of migration background.ConclusionsThe coefficient of parental SES on organized sports most probably relates to the resources needed to participate in sports clubs, including fees and equipment. Lower membership fees might potentially help to integrate children with low parental SES into sports clubs and thereby make organized sports more accessible to all social classes.

Influences of parental socio-economic status on academic achievement: A case study of rural communities in Kailali, Nepal

The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze the relationship between the parental socio-economic status and academic achievement of students. The research question of the study was: How does the parental socio-economic status influence on academic achievement of students? This study focused on the interrelated dimensions of parental income, educational status, and its effect on children’s education. The study was conducted with a qualitative case study research design. Altogether 15 informants from parents, teachers, and students were selected by the purposive sampling method. In-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and observation techniques were followed during data collection. Data were analyzed using thematic narrative analysis. The study found that the majority of students of low socio-economic status have poor academic achievement. Parents of low economic background have been found less interested in the education of their children. Students from low socio-economic status more emphasized on employment rather than further study after secondary education. Such students were found to be pursuing unskilled jobs in labour market. This study recommended conducting free technical and vocational education. Schools and concerned authorities need to conduct parental awareness and education programs.

SEX, SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AND SELF EFFICACY ON LEVELS OF HOPE OF ADOLESCENTS IN NIGERIA

This study investigated the influence of parental socio-economic status, and perceived self-efficacy on hope in adolescents. This study became necessary as adolescents are living in a frustrating world, deprived of traditional social support, an unstable economy characterised by galloping inflation and massive unemployment.130 students in higher institution and graduates within the ages 19 -30 years participated in the study by completing the author developed 15 item hope and self-efficacy scale, which measured their hope in education, law enforcement agencies, politics, economy, security, health and the nation in general. Pooled data treated with the Student t-test of the matched sample revealed that adolescents differ in their hope. Males reported higher hope than females. And both reported less hope in the institutions in the country and a high hope in themselves, and as such belief in what they can do to escape the felt poverty. The study made recommendations based on the context of the study. KEYWORDS: Hope, adolescents, nation induced poverty, frustration, lack of hope, and ongoing distress

SEX, SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AND SELF EFFICACY ON LEVELS OF HOPE OF ADOLESCENTS IN NIGERIA

This study investigated the influence of parental socio-economic status, and perceived self-efficacy on hope in adolescents. This study became necessary as adolescents are living in a frustrating world, deprived of traditional social support, an unstable economy characterised by galloping inflation and massive unemployment.130 students in higher institution and graduates within the ages 19 -30 years participated in the study by completing the author developed 15 item hope and self-efficacy scale, which measured their hope in education, law enforcement agencies, politics, economy, security, health and the nation in general. Pooled data treated with the Student t-test of the matched sample revealed that adolescents differ in their hope. Males reported higher hope than females. And both reported less hope in the institutions in the country and a high hope in themselves, and as such belief in what they can do to escape the felt poverty. The study made recommendations based on the context of the study. KEYWORDS: Hope, adolescents, nation induced poverty, frustration, lack of hope, and ongoing distress

Gender and parental socio-economic background as determinant of pupils’ multiplicative thinking

The study investigated the influence of gender and socio-economic background on pupils’ multiplicative thinking among basic 5 and 6 pupils’ in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A total of two thousand two hundred and forty pupils were selected form 80 basic schools using the stratified random sampling technique. Ex-post facto design was used for the study. Two instruments were used for the study. These were the Multiplicative Thinking Performance Test (MTPT) and Students Variable Questionnaire (SVQ). The instruments were constructed, validated and used for the study. Research questions were raised and answered including two hypotheses formulated and tested. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions and the hypotheses were tested using Independent t-test, One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Scheffe’s Post Hoc Comparison. The results showed significant influence of parental socioeconomic status and non-significant influence of gender on pupils’ multiplicative thinking. Conclusion from the findings led to the recommendation that Parents should provide a conducive home environment with appropriate materials such as mathematics textbooks, mathematical games and toys to enhance the development of pupils’ multiplicative thinking. Key words: Gender, Socio-economic background, multiplicative thinking

Parental Socio-Economic Status and Higher Academic Aspiration of Senior Secondary School Students in Cross River State Nigeria

This study sought to investigate the influence of parental socio-economic status (SES) on higher academic aspiration among senior secondary school students in Cross River State of Nigeria with emphasis on Ogoja Education Zone. To do this, three research questions and three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The research questions were based on three variables of parental educational status, occupation and material wealth. The research instrument was a 17 item researcher-made “Parental Socio-economic status and higher academic aspiration of senior secondary school students questionnaire”. It was built on a four-point modified Likert scale. Samples comprised of 600 senior secondary three (SS3) students at the rate of 30 per school from the five local government areas in the education zone. Data were analyzed using simple percentages. The result of research question one which sought to determine the influence of parental educational status on their children’s higher educational aspirations shows that 72.16% of the respondents affirmed that parental educational status has significantly high influence on their wards educational aspiration. Research Question two was on the influence of Parental occupation on their children’s academic aspiration. It had a positive response of 37.99% which shows negative influence. The finding on Research Question three shows that 62% of the respondents were positive about the influence of parental material wealth on their academic aspiration. Based on the above findings conclusion and recommendations were drawn.

Parental Socio-Economic Status and Higher Academic Aspiration of Senior Secondary School Students in Cross River State Nigeria

This study sought to investigate the influence of parental socio-economic status (SES) on higher academic aspiration among senior secondary school students in Cross River State of Nigeria with emphasis on Ogoja Education Zone. To do this, three research questions and three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The research questions were based on three variables of parental educational status, occupation and material wealth. The research instrument was a 17 item researcher-made “Parental Socio-economic status and higher academic aspiration of senior secondary school students questionnaire”. It was built on a four-point modified Likert scale. Samples comprised of 600 senior secondary three (SS3) students at the rate of 30 per school from the five local government areas in the education zone. Data were analyzed using simple percentages. The result of research question one which sought to determine the influence of parental educational status on their children’s higher educational aspirations shows that 72.16% of the respondents affirmed that parental educational status has significantly high influence on their wards educational aspiration. Research Question two was on the influence of Parental occupation on their children’s academic aspiration. It had a positive response of 37.99% which shows negative influence. The finding on Research Question three shows that 62% of the respondents were positive about the influence of parental material wealth on their academic aspiration. Based on the above findings conclusion and recommendations were drawn.

Dampak Status Sosial Ekonomi Orang Tua Terhadap Keterampilan Sosial Anak

This research was conducted with the aim to analyze regression the influence of parental socioeconomic status on the social skills of 5-6 year olds in Malang Regency. This research was carried out in Kindergaten Karangploso District, Malang Regency. The time of the study was from March to April 2018. The data collection used Harry King's Nomograph method in determining the sample of the population. The total population of 645 with the standard error 5% with a multiplier factor of 1.195. The sample number was 200.1 rounded to 200 samples of the Harry King Nomograph method. Data analysis used the IBM SPSS 20 program. Based on the results of the study it was found there was a significant and positive influence on the parental socioeconomic status on the social skills of children aged 5-6 years in Malang Regency. The better and the higher of the parental socio-economic status, the higher the child's social skills. The implications of research results indicate that the parental socio-economic status can support children's development, so this can be used as a guide for parents to be able to give attention to their children both to the parents of low, middle and high. Governments, communities, teachers, and parents to collaborate and to encourage the spirit to the children.

Psycho-social correlates of students’ involvement in secret cults and counselling role in tertiary institutions in southern senatorial district of Cross River State – Nigeria

The study focuses on the premise of incessant havoc being perpetrated by adherents of secret cults in the country’s institution of higher learning. These cult groups terrorize fellow students, intimidate members of campus communities in various ways and are often involved in crimes like rape, burglary, thuggery, stealing, attacking with daggers, axes, acid and other forms of sophisticated weapons as well as constituting general threat to peace in institutions of higher learning. (Fawole, 1994). Has two purposes, to examine the extent at which parental socio-economic status influence students’ involvement in secret cults, and to investigate if peer group do influence students involvement in secret cults. The data used in testing the hypothesis were gotten from the post-test scores of all the subjects Hypotheses were tested at .0.5 level of significance. Based on the results of the hypotheses recommendations were made. Keywords: Students, secret cult, peer group and parental effect

Self-harm and violent criminality among young people who experienced trauma-related hospital admission during childhood: a Danish national cohort study

SummaryBackgroundDevelopment of a better understanding of subsequent pathways for individuals who experienced trauma during childhood might usefully inform clinicians and public health professionals regarding the causes of self-harm and interpersonal violence. We aimed to examine these risks during late adolescence and early adulthood among people admitted to hospital following injuries or poisonings during their childhood.MethodsThis national cohort study included Danish people born between Jan 1, 1977, and Dec 31, 1997, and was linked to the National Patient Register and Psychiatric Central Research Register to identify all people exposed to hospital admissions for injuries or poisonings due to self-harm, interpersonal violence, or accidents before their 15th birthday. Linkage to these two registers and to the National Crime Register enabled ascertainment of self-harm and violent offending, respectively, as adverse outcomes at ages 15–35 years. Sex-specific incidence rate ratios (IRRs; relative risks) and cumulative incidence percentage values (absolute risks) were estimated. The confounding influence of parental socioeconomic status was also explored.Findings1 087 672 Danish people were included in this study. The prevalence of any trauma-related hospital admission was 10% (105 753 per 1 087 672; males: 64 454 [11%]; females: 44 299 [8%]) and for both sexes, accident was by far the most prevalent of the categories assessed (males: 59 011 [11%]; females: 40 756 [8%]). Similar patterns of increased risk for self-harm and violent criminality were observed in both sexes, although the IRRs were consistently and significantly larger in women (self-harm: IRR 1·94 [95% CI 1·85–2·02]; violent criminality: 2·16 [1·97–2·36]) than in men (self-harm: 1·61 [1·53–1·69]; violent criminality: 1·58 [1·53–1·63]). Confounding by parental socioeconomic status explained little of the increased risks observed. For young adult men, the highest absolute risk observed was for violent offending among individuals admitted to hospital for interpersonal violence injury during childhood (cumulative incidence 25·0% [95% CI 21·2–28·9]). For young adult women, absolute risk was highest for repeat self-harm among those admitted to hospital following self-harm during childhood (cumulative incidence 21·4% [95% CI 19·8–23·1]). More frequent trauma-related hospital admissions in childhood, and being admitted multiple times for more than one reason, conferred substantial risk increases among young people, with especially steep gradients of this nature observed among women.InterpretationTrauma-related hospital admission early in life could be a useful marker for childhood distress that subsequently predicts internalised and externalised destructive behaviours among youths and young adults and might provide a timely opportunity for initiating family-oriented interventions.FundingEuropean Research Council.

The Influence of Parental Educational Attainment on the Partnership Context at First Birth in 16 Western Societies

In the US, growing up with parents with a low socio-economic status (SES) has been shown to increase the chance of having a birth outside marriage. However, less is known about the influence of parental SES in other Western countries. The current paper examines the association between parental educational attainment with the partnership context at first birth in 16 European and North American countries, by differentiating births within marriage, within cohabitation, or while being single. Moreover, we test whether the association between parental education and partnership context at childbirth changes over cohorts and whether its influence changes when controlling for own educational attainment. Data from the Generations and Gender Programme were used, as well as data from the American National Survey of Family Growth, the Canadian General Social Survey, and the Dutch Survey on Family Formation. The results show that in North American and East European countries, but not in West European countries, lower parental education increases the risk of having a birth within cohabitation. Moreover, in North American countries and half of the West and East European countries, lower parental education increases the risk of having a birth while being single. The association of parental education with the partnership context at birth tends to change furthermore over cohorts, although no clear pattern could be observed between countries. The study suggests that the intergenerational transmission of education is an important mechanism in explaining the influence of parental education, although other mechanisms also appear to be at work.

Widening Gap : The Increasing Influence of Parental Socioeconomic Status on Children’s Academic Achievement in Korea

이 글에서는 한국에서 부모의 사회경제적 지위가 자녀 성적에 미치는 영향을 살폈다. 이런 주제를 살피는 일은 예전에도 흔했고 지금도 흔하다. 이 글이 그 흔한 작업과 다른 점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이 글에서는 한국의 교육기회 불평등을 국가 비교와 시계열 비교의 관점에서 바라보았다. 다시 말해, 한국의 기회 불평등이 다른 나라와 다른 정도를 살피고, 지난 시기 동안 이 불평등이 바뀐 방향을 알아보았다. 둘째, 이 글에서는 기회의 불평등을 OLS 회귀식으로 재기도 하고 다수 준 모형으로 가늠하기도 하였다. 그리하여 이 두 추정치를 서로 견주었다. 이 글에서는 OECD가 2000년과 2009년에 수집한 PISA 자료를 사용하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국 학생의 읽기 평균 점수는 다른 나라보다 높았다. 이에 더하여 성적 우수 학생의 비율이 높았고, 성적부진 학생의 비율도 낮았다. 둘째, 한국에서 부모의 사회경제적 지위가 자녀의 읽기 성적에 미치는 영향은 다른 나라보다 낮았다. 셋째, 부모의 사회경제적 지위가 자녀의 읽기 성적에 미치는 영향은 2000년대 첫 십 년 동안 더 커졌다. 다시 말해 교육기회의 불평등은 더 깊어졌다. 이는 OLS 계수로 재든 사회경제적 기울기 모형의 계수로 가늠하든 상관없이 그러하였다.

Association Between Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement in a Cohort of Danish School Pupils.

Time spent on physical activity in elementary school has been altered to improve core academics. However, little is known about the relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement. We examined the association between physical fitness and academic achievement and investigated the influence of parental socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Participants were 542 girls and 577 boys aged 13 to 15 residing in the Danish municipality of Aalborg. A watt-max cycle ergometer test was completed to evaluate physical fitness as represented by VO2 max (mL·kg(-1) ·min(-1) ). Academic achievement was measured 1 school year later through a series of mandatory exams within the humanities, sciences, and all obligatory defined exams. Parental income and education were drawn from nationwide registers. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association. Adjusting for ethnicity and parental socioeconomic status, the effect size of the humanities was 0.08 grad/VO2 max (95% Cl: 0.05 to 0.11) for girls and 0.06 grad/VO2 max (95% Cl:0.03 to 0.08) for boys. The effect size of the sciences was 0.09 grad/VO2 max (95% Cl:0.05 to 0.13) for girls and 0.06 grad/VO2 max (95% Cl:0.03 to 0.09) for boys. The effect size of the defined exams was 0.09 grad/VO2 max (95% Cl:0.06 to 0.11) for girls and 0.06 grad/VO2 max (95% Cl:0.03 to 0.08) for boys. We found a statistically significant positive association between physical fitness and academic achievement after adjusting for ethnicity and parental socioeconomic status.

Student characteristics and behaviors at age 12 predict occupational success 40 years later over and above childhood IQ and parental socioeconomic status.

Drawing on a 2-wave longitudinal sample spanning 40 years from childhood (age 12) to middle adulthood (age 52), the present study was designed to examine how student characteristics and behaviors in late childhood (assessed in Wave 1 in 1968) predict career success in adulthood (assessed in Wave 2 in 2008). We examined the influence of parental socioeconomic status (SES), childhood intelligence, and student characteristics and behaviors (inattentiveness, school entitlement, responsible student, sense of inferiority, impatience, pessimism, rule breaking and defiance of parental authority, and teacher-rated studiousness) on 2 important real-life outcomes (i.e., occupational success and income). The longitudinal sample consisted of N = 745 persons who participated in 1968 (M = 11.9 years, SD = 0.6; 49.9% female) and 2008 (M = 51.8 years, SD = 0.6; 53.3% female). Regression analyses and path analyses were conducted to evaluate the direct and indirect effects (via education) of the predictors on career success. The results revealed direct and indirect influences of student characteristics (responsible student, rule breaking and defiance of parental authority, and teacher-rated studiousness) across the life span on career success after adjusting for differences in parental SES and IQ at age 12. rd

Low grandparental social support combined with low parental socioeconomic status is closely associated with obesity in preschool-aged children: a pilot study.

While the influence of parental socioeconomic status (SES) on children's weight status is well known, the impact of other family-related aspects such as parental and grandparental social support is less understood. This study investigates the importance of parents' SES and social support (functional and structural) for weight status in a clinical sample of preschoolers 4-6 years old with obesity (n = 39, 56% girls; 73% of parents were overweight/obese, 50% were of non-Swedish origin). Linear regression analyses, simple and multiple, were performed on SES and social support with child BMI SDS (body mass index standard deviation score) as the dependent variable. The results show that parents' income and low emotional support from paternal grandparents were significantly associated with more severe obesity. The association between parental income and the child's BMI SDS was stronger among parents who had low emotional support from their own parents. In conclusion, grandparental social support may be protective against childhood obesity.

A systematic review of the impact of parental socio-economic status and home environment characteristics on children's oral health related quality of life.

Childhood circumstances such as socio-economic status and family structure have been found to influence psychological, psychosocial attributes and Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the published literature to assess the influence of parental Socio-Economic Status (SES) and home environment on children’s OHRQoL. A systematic search was conducted in August 2013 using PubMed, Medline via OVID, CINAHL Plus via EBSCO, and Cochrane databases. Studies that have analysed the effect of parental characteristics (SES, family environment, family structure, number of siblings, household crowding, parents’ age, and parents’ oral health literacy) on children’s OHRQoL were included. Quality assessment of the articles was done by the Effective Public Health Practice Project’s Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative studies. Database search retrieved a total of 2,849 titles after removing the duplicates, 36 articles were found to be relevant. Most of the studies were conducted on Brazilian children and were published in recent two years. Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale and Children’s Perception Questionnaire11-14 were the instruments of choice in preschool and school aged children respectively. Findings from majority of the studies suggest that the children from families with high income, parental education and family economy had better OHRQoL. Mothers’ age, family structure, household crowding and presence of siblings were significant predictors of children’s OHRQoL. However, definitive conclusions from the studies reviewed are not possible due to the differences in the study population, parental characteristics considered, methods used and statistical tests performed.

Influence of parental socio-economic status on diet quality of European adolescents: results from the HELENA study

Diet quality is influenced by socio-economic and geographical factors. The present study sought to assess whether adolescents' diet quality is affected by their parents' socio-economic status and whether the relationship between these factors is similar in northern and southern Europe. Data collected in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study in eight European countries were analysed. Dietary intake data were recorded via repeated 24 h recalls (using specifically developed HELENA Dietary Intake Assessment Tool software) and converted into an adolescent-specific Diet Quality Index (DQI-AM). Socio-economic status was estimated through parental educational level (Par-Educ-Lev) and parental occupation level (Par-Occ-Lev) as reported by the adolescents in a specific questionnaire. The DQI-AM data were then analysed as a function of Par-Educ-Lev and Par-Occ-Lev in northern European countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden) and southern European countries (Greece, Italy and Spain). We studied a total of 1768 adolescents (age 14.7 (SD 1.3) years; percentage of girls: 52.8%; 1135 and 633 subjects from northern and southern Europe, respectively). On average, the DQI-AM score was higher in southern Europe than in northern Europe (69.1 (SD 0.1) v. 60.4 (SD 2.8), respectively; P < 0.001; Δ = 12.6%). The DQI was positively correlated with both paternal and maternal Par-Educ-Lev. However, this association was more pronounced in northern Europe than in southern Europe (P interaction = 0.004 for the mother and 0.06 for the father). The DQI was also positively correlated with Par-Occ-Lev (all P trends < 0.01), but this correlation was independent of the geographical area (P interaction = 0.51 for the mother and 0.50 for the father). In conclusion, Par-Educ-Lev and Par-Occ-Lev are associated with diet quality in adolescents in Europe. However, this association differs between northern Europe and southern Europe.