The biological fertility potential in mothers of late reproductive age is limited by the natural decline in fertility and infertility. Despite the significant success and the introduction of new diagnostic and therapeutic reproductive technologies into clinical practice, the problem of childlessness is far from being finally resolved. The health status of children born after the use of assisted reproductive technologies is another open issue. The up-to-date data on the adverse effects of in vitro fertilization (IVF) do not have adequate substantiation, since the external parental factors cannot be reliably excluded: age, concomitant metabolic, genetic and epigenetic changes. Negative results regarding the state of the nervous and endocrine systems, congenital malformations, and cancer predisposition are inconsistent and refuted by other major population studies. The analysis of genetic and epigenetic disorders is difficult because of their rare incidence. For each parameter of children’s health, there is an objective need to assess and differentiate the influence of parental factors and factors directly related to the IVF procedure. Key words: assisted reproductive technologies, in vitro fertilization, malformations, children's health, oncologist, neurologist