Influence Of Orifice Diameter Research Articles

Experimental analysis on the effect of pipe and orifice diameter in inter tank hydrogen transfer

Hydrogen is an energy carrier which can be utilized in many sectors like stationary and transportation energy with nearly zero emission. Hydrogen energy is more efficient when compared to other energy sources. Hydrogen can be a replacement for fossil fuels in future as it emits only water when it is burned. In this work a mathematical model of transfer of hydrogen between two tanks has been developed using MATLAB simulink software version 21. Flow of hydrogen inside the pipe is controlled by orifice and diameter of this orifice and pipe diameter itself has some impact on outcome parameters such as inlet temperature of pipe, outlet temperature of pipe, heat transfer from one tank to other tank and hydrogen gas flow rate. The influence of orifice diameter as well as initial pressures on outcome parameters of hydrogen gas transfer model has analyzed in this work. From the simulation results it is inferred that when one initial pressure kept constant and other initial pressure keep on varying, no change in inlet temperature, decrease in outlet temperature, increase in heat transfer and increase in gas flow rate were observed when orifice diameter increase in size from 2 cm then 4 cm and then 6 cm. The research work has significant guidance for safety and efficient way of transporting hydrogen through pipeline from one tank to other tank.

Bubble formation in continuous liquid phase under industrial jetting conditions

Accurate prediction of bubble diameter is crucial for the proper design, optimization, and scale-up of gas-liquid apparatuses. Bubble formation at submerged multiple orifices in a gas-liquid apparatus under industrial conditions is systematically investigated in this work. It is found that the bubble diameter firstly increases and then approaches to a relatively constant value in the low viscous liquid when increasing the orifice superficial gas velocity. Parametric studies demonstrate that large orifice diameter and high liquid viscosity lead to larger bubble diameter, and the inflection point in the curve of bubble diameter versus orifice superficial gas velocity is also affected. With surfactant added in solutions, the bubble diameter decreases markedly. Based on the experimental data, a semi-empirical correlation for predicting the bubble diameter is proposed using nonlinear least square optimization. The new correlation, containing the influence of orifice diameter, orifice superficial gas velocity and liquid properties on the bubble diameter, is further validated by comparing prediction results with experimental data over a wide range of operating conditions and working systems from the literature. Therefore, it is thought useful for the industrial design of gas-liquid apparatus.

Combined Influence of Misalignment and Orifice Diameter on the Static Performances of Hydrostatic, Water-Lubricated Journal Bearings

The water-lubricated bearings have gained an increasing focus to overcome the disadvantages of the oil film bearings and gas bearings. In this paper, the influences of orifice diameter in aligned and misaligned conditions on the static performance of two hydrostatic, four-recess, water-lubricated journal bearings used to support a rigid rotor, are investigated. The steady Reynolds equation for the journal bearing for the turbulent bulk flow and the film thickness expression considering tilting angles are used and numerically solved by finite difference method. Results demonstrate that the static performances, such as the quality, power loss and temperature rise are affected by the tilting angles, orifice diameter to some degree.

SP3-3 Influence of Orifice Diameter on Spray and Combustion using a Fast Diesel Common Rail Injector(SP: Spray and Spray Combustion,General Session Papers)

This was accomplished with a prototype injector that achieves a faster injection rate of approximately 80% or more than a mass-production model piezo-driven common rail injector that complies with EURO 5 standards by enhancing the injection rate from the opening of the nozzle needle up to full lift while keeping the nozzle hole diameter small. The prototype injector achieved this by making the fuel-air mixture leaner without increasing the fuel injection pressure, or in other words without an adverse effect on fuel consumption due to increased work by the fuel pump, and thus yielded a reduction in harmful emissions. This was confirmed by evaluation of the spray characteristics and by combustion experiments using a single-cylinder engine, the results of which were reported. In this paper, the influence of orifice diameter using a micro orifice nozzle is described by spray measurement and engine combustion. With the use of practical multi-hole nozzles, whose orifice diameter are 0.08mm, 0.10mm and 0.12mm respectively, spray form observation, fuel droplet size measurement and combustion experiment using single-cylinder engine were conducted. Downsizing of nozzle orifice diameter provides short liquid phase penetration, narrow spray angle and small size fuel droplets. But soot from engine with 0.08mm nozzle is higher than those of 0.10mm and 0.12mm nozzles. This is considered that the influence on the combustion due to the reduced spray penetration is greater than atomization by the decreased diameter of the nozzle hole

Effects of apparatus parameters on the production of amorphous ribbons

In this research Mg 70 Zn 30 metallic glass ribbons were produced by the coaxial jet melt-spinning rapid solidification technique, and we reported the results of an investigation into the influence of orifice diameter, ejection gas pressure and disk speed on the production of amorphous ribbons