Influence Of Moisture Research Articles

Experimental Research on Optimization Extruder Process Parameters for Pineapple Pomace-Based Fish Feed

A single screw water-cooled jacketed extruder has been proposed to produce the fruit waste extrusion process of fish feed because of its superficial characteristics. This research mainly examined the effects of various extrusion conditions: feeding rate, screw speed, feed moisture, barrel temperature, cutting speed, and die open surface area. While maintaining the feed specifications (38% proteins and 5% lipids), four formulations with different pomace inclusions were obtained. The processing methodologies (with mash moisture and varied extruder parameters) were then based on three fundamental aspects (machine torque, apparent viscosity, and efficiency). They were studied using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The influence of screw speed, moisture, and pomace inclusion was most significant. Optimum extrusion conditions were found at a feed rate of 1.47 kg.min-1, screw speed of 356.44 rpm, humidity of 16.04%, temperature of 60 °C, cutting speed of 1300 rpm, pomace inclusion rate of 10.59%, and an open surface die obtained 88.63%. The maximum desirable value of 0.61 resulted in 444.16 Nm-1 torque, 1008.98 Pa-s apparent speed, and 75.21% efficiency. The extruder evaluation demonstrated remarkable performance in producing pineapple pomace extrudates without impeding machine operating principles, redefining the robustness of extrusion process factors and their interactions in the process state.

Study of the charge pelletizing process at MMK`s sinter plant No. 5

Theoretical and practical issues of the influence of the rotation speed, the angle of inclination, the diameter and length of the pelletizing drum of high productivity on the mode of movement of the sinter mix (waterfall or rolling), on the degree of its filling with the mix, its residence time and mass in the drum are considered. The influence of mix consumption and moisture on the quality of its pelletizing at the SP-5 sinter machine of MMK PJSC was studied. The influence of the drum rotation frequency on the parameters and performance of the sinter machine has been studied. To adapt the mathematical model of the movement of material in the drum pelletizer, the distribution of the mix along its length and along the chord was measured. The adapted model was used to analyze the operation parameters of the drum pelletizer (degree of filling, distribution along the length, residence time and mass of the mix in the drum) in the experimental and calculated modes. The reasons for the non-compliance of the design characteristics of the operation of the drum pelletizer with the requirements for the implementation of the "rolling mode" for pelletizing the mix are established. The angle of inclination and the rotational speed of the drum pelletizer were determined on a mathematical model to form this mode. Reducing the rotational speed of the drum to achieve the rolling mode to 4.4 min–1 will also provide an increase in the service life of its drive by 1.5–2.0 times. A rational place for installing a drum pelletizer in the scheme of the apparatus chain is substantiated, depending on the type of iron ore raw materials (ore or concentrate). It is shown that when the drum pelletizer is set at zero, it is not possible to heat the mix with steam to the required temperature, and the installation of a 60 m3 bunker instead of an small intermediate bunker leads to the destruction of the mix granules as a result of falling from a great height and makes it difficult to control the layer level in this bunker.

Experimental study of moisture effects on spontaneous combustion of Baiyinhua lignite from individual particles to stockpile

Evaporation and condensation of moisture affect dramatically the spontaneous combustion of lignite with high moisture content at low temperatures. Moisture migration between the lignite and the external environment of coal stockpile encompasses the scales of individual particles and stockpile. The cyclic moisture evaporation/condensation test was applied to investigate moisture migration of individual lignite particles at different particle sizes and temperatures. The wire-mesh basket test was selected primarily to analyze the heating process and critical self-ignition temperature of lignite stockpile. Results of the cyclic moisture evaporation/condensation test reveal that the moisture content of re-saturated lignite is much lower than that of the original one. Moisture content versus time showed a tendency to overlap in repeated moisture evaporation processes, and so did the repeated moisture evaporation processes. Therefore, a model of moisture migration of individual particles was built to describe the repeated moisture evaporation and condensation processes. The time factor determines the speed of moisture evaporation and condensation of individual lignite particles, being inversely proportional to ambient temperature and proportional to particle size, respectively. In the wire-mesh basket test, the heating process of the lignite stockpile can be divided into four stages, but the influence of moisture was more pronounced in stage II. Critical self-ignition temperature is proportional to particle size and increases linearly with moisture content. According to Frank-Kamenetskii theory, an increase in either particle size or moisture content can restrain the tendency of spontaneous combustion of Baiyinhua lignite stockpile.

Dynamic effect of gas initial desorption in coals with different moisture contents and energy-controlling mechanism for outburst prevention of water injection in coal seams

In view of the continuous occurrence of coal and gas outbursts (hereafter as ‘outbursts’), and the dynamic behavior and quantitative mechanism of water injection in coal seams preventing outbursts are not still unclear. In the study, the characterization of mechanical action and expansion energy release of gas initial desorption (GID) in coals with different moisture contents is revealed to clarify the influence of moisture on gas dynamic effect in coals. The results show that during the GID of gas-containing coals, the increased moisture content will decrease the pressure and momentum of gas from coals significantly. And the gas pressure reduction rate shows an increasing trend, with the decreasing reduction rate of gas momentum. Therefore, the ability of gas damaging coals with high moisture contents is weakened by reducing the degree of pressure-induced mechanical action on the coal surface and the impact intensity on the cracks in coals. Meanwhile, the gas-released cumulative expansion energy from the coals is significantly reduced, with the decreasing increase rate of the gas energy. Therefrom, the moisture in the coal masses synthetically weakens the dual effects of pressure attribute and expansion effect of gas decreasing the damage ability of gas to coals, which can prevent the further development of outburst preparation process. It is concluded that the correlation between moisture content and the initial expansion energy of released gas is linearly and negatively correlated. For moisture content with the every 1% increase in coal masses of Xuehu Coal Mine, the energy decreases by about 11% on average. Accordingly, the quantitative water injection in coal mining face is carried out to eliminate the local abnormal zone containing gas.

Species specific vulnerability to increased drought in temperate and Mediterranean floodplain forests

Floodplain forests are sensitive to climate warming and increased drought, as showed by recent oak (Quercus robur) dieback and mortality episodes. However, a comprehensive comparison of coexisting tree species under different climate settings or biomes are lacking. Herein, we compared growth rates, growth responses to climate and drought severity, and modeled climate mediated growth of oak and three coexisting tree species (ash, Fraxinus angustifolia; alder, Alnus glutinosa; elm, Ulmus minor). Two floodplain forests subjected to cooler (temperate climate, Ticino) and warmer (Mediterranean climate, Bosco Pantano) conditions in northern and southern Italy, respectively, were analyzed. Ash seemed to be the most sensitive to drought, particularly at the Mediterranean site where oak and elm growth were also negatively affected by water shortages. Alder appeared to be the least sensitive species in terms of growth variability to drought under both temperate and Mediterranean climate conditions. Furthermore, the growth model revealed the influence of soil moisture in spring and summer on the constrained growth of ash and oak and illustrated how oak growth could be severely reduced during drastic hotter droughts. Alder seemed to be the most drought-resistant species under both environmental conditions. These results could represent the first attempts in documenting the ecological consequences of drought in terms of projected climate trends in less investigated Mediterranean floodplain forests. Furthermore, these results highlight how climate and tree-ring data combined with growth models could be useful tools to detect early warning signals of growth decline and impending dieback in floodplain forests in response to dry spells.

Influence of moisture and compaction effect on volumetric and mechanical properties of bituminous mix

ABSTRACT Asphalt Institute Manual formulates different compaction levels (35, 50 and 75 blows) for three different traffic conditions Light, medium and heavy. However, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) guidelines specifies compaction level of 75 blows for all traffic conditions. The present study comprehends the influence of the combined effect of compaction and moisture condition on the volumetric and mechanical properties of bituminous mixture and to optimise the number of compaction blows depending on varying traffic conditions for different moisture conditions. The compaction levels explored for the present research are 75, 60, 50, 40 and 35 blows. Moisture conditioning is performed through dry conditioning and wet conditioning. Using Response Surface Methodology, the study intends to optimise the number of blows necessary for both dry and wet conditioning in relation to the various traffic conditions. The test results demonstrate that air voids are the most significant parameter among the volumetric properties of the bituminous mix. The maximum and minimum range of compaction blows in dry conditions for different traffic conditions ranges from 35 to 58 blows and that of wet conditions ranges from 61 to 71 blows.

Effect of water saturation on the electrical properties of cement and alkali-activated slag composites with graphite conductive admixture

This study investigated the influence of water saturation degree on the electrical properties of two different types of building materials – Portland cement and alkali-activated slag mortars with graphite powder as a conductive admixture. The graphite content ranged between 0 and 18 wt% of the cement/slag in order to cover the area below as well as above the percolation threshold. The properties were tested in terms of electrical resistivity measurement with an AC-frequency in the range of 40 Hz – 1 MHz, and the results were correlated with meso-scale structural changes evaluated by means of mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The electrical resistivity of both materials decreased with increasing AC-source frequency and increasing water saturation degree. In a dry state, alkali-activated slag exhibited approximately ten times lower resistivity than cement-based material. The addition of graphite gradually decreased the resistivity until the percolation threshold was reached, but no influence of moisture on the resistivity was observed at dosages exceeding 12 wt% of graphite. The dependence of electrical resistivity on the water saturation degree was fitted for two different frequencies (50 Hz and 1 kHz) using a sigmoidal regression function.

Effect of moisture content on physical and flow properties of milk‐millet powders

AbstractThe physical and flow properties of milk blended barnyard and foxtail millet powders were evaluated at different moisture contents. Particle‐size distribution and span decreased considerably as moisture increased. The d0.5 increased from 24.769 to 38.642 μm in milk‐barnyard millet powder and from 27.942 to 41.063 μm in milk‐foxtail millet powder as moisture increased from 3 to 9%. The dynamic flow and shear tests revealed the hygroscopic nature of both millet powders, wherein moisture and particle size were found to influence flowability. The basic flow energy and shear tests proved that both millet powders would flow easily at 9% moisture content than at 3% due to agglomeration and reduction in contact surface area of the particles and the magnitude of their interactions. Compressibility and wall friction tests also corroborated the fact that milk‐millet powders were relatively more cohesive at 3% moisture, manifesting difficulties in flow. Between milk‐foxtail millet and milk‐barnyard millet powders, the former had better flowability due to its larger particle size and narrower span than the latter.Practical ApplicationsPowders are dynamic systems whose behavior changes drastically with minor changes in the environment or moisture. In this study, the influence of moisture on physical and flow properties of milk‐millet powders were evaluated. The physical and flow properties of milk blended barnyard and foxtail millet powders were influenced by particle size and moisture content. The flow properties could be useful in understanding their behavior during handling, processing, and storage, and thus help in the design and optimization of processing and storage operations.

Event-based Bayesian causal modelling for flood hydrograph prediction, Upper Andarax intermittent stream, Spain

Study regionThe study region comprises an intermittent stream named Upper Andarax, within a semi-arid watershed in SE Spain (Andarax river basin), characterised by uneven topography and its striking hydraulic heritage. Study focusHigh flow extreme events are becoming more common and less exceptional, leading to devastating losses with very high associated economical costs. This paper presents the development of a predictive Bayesian Causal Model (BCM) for high-flow extreme hydrological events assessment, accounting for: extreme events characterisation and sub-modelling; base-flow consideration; and previous soil moisture influence. It comprises three main phases that are: 1) Data preparation; 2) Extreme events characterisation and analysis; and 3) BCM predictive modelling. This study could be a decision-making tool for flood risk management in the Andarax River basin. New hydrological insights for the regionResults suggest a complex and dynamic non-linear rainfall-runoff relationship in the Upper Andarax watershed, whereas, there is a strong similarity in the temporal distributions of flow discharges, being, in general, symmetric, as a result of symmetric hyetographs. The statistical dependency showed that the basin response depends much more on the rainfall intensity rather than on the soil antecedent moisture conditions. The simulated BCMs demonstrated that all events’ types may lead to river flooding, while the most hazardous are those of quartiles III and IV.

Influence of Short Uptake Moisture on Drug-Excipient Binary Mixture: DSC and FTIR Contribution

Influence of Short Uptake Moisture on Drug-Excipient Binary Mixture: DSC and FTIR Contribution

What Controls Local Entrainment and Detrainment Rates in Simulated Shallow Convection?

Abstract The lack of consensus as to how entrainment and detrainment must be represented in convection parameterizations highlights the need for in-depth investigations of the processes driving lateral mixing in clouds. Direct estimates of entrainment and detrainment rates are here obtained from high-resolution simulations of shallow cumulus convection using a method that isolates the contributions from various competing processes. Moreover, cloud-averaged entrainment and detrainment rates are computed and correlated with bulk cloud and environmental properties. Detrainment is found to dominate in the middle of the cloud layer, and is locally driven by evaporation along cloud edges. Entrainment and detrainment events also occur due to changes in updraft velocity, but vertical acceleration and deceleration balance each other on average to yield no net entrainment/detrainment. In contrast, entrainment at cloud base is mostly related to condensation in dry updrafts surrounding the clouds, whereas detrainment at the top of the cloud layer is driven by buoyancy reversal. Cloud-averaged entrainment and detrainment rates both correlate preferentially with in-cloud vertical pressure gradients at all altitudes, but not with cloud-core buoyancy. No significant influence of environmental moisture on entrainment/detrainment was found, probably because of the very humid shell surrounding each cloud. Overall, these results suggest that entrainment and detrainment result from two concurring processes: a cloud-scale circulation driven by vertical pressure gradients, and small-scale, turbulent-like motions along the core edges generating mixing and, again, vertical pressure gradients.

Effectiveness of multi-physics numerical model in simulating accelerated corrosion with spatial and temporal non-uniformity

This study is motivated by the need to develop an efficient numerical model to simulate non-uniform interfacial degradation of reinforcing steel in concrete in an accelerated corrosion setup considering the influence of differential aeration, moisture and conductivity. In this study, a multi-physics finite element (FE) model is presented to simulate spatially and temporally non-uniform surface topography of corroding steel with rust layer, and eliminates the assumption of uniform mass loss and its linear variation with time as per available literature that uses classical approach of Faraday’s law. The model is validated experimentally with accelerated corrosion setup. Unlike previous studies, pore saturation (PS) is continuously monitored and its existing experimental correlations with conductivity and oxygen diffusivity are adopted so that the model can be extended to simulate natural corrosion to enhance the accuracy of service life predictions. These evaluations can be made completely nondestructive and in real-time eliminating the challenges in capturing the influence of environment by the use of alternative parameters such as relative humidity from real climate change predictions. The key findings from the investigation reveal that incorporating local environmental parameters measured in situ allows for the model to naturally evolve with anodic and cathodic locations on steel surface avoiding the need to assume predefined locations. It is envisioned that the developed multi-physics FE model can be used as a reliable substitute to accelerated corrosion experiment which is frequently used for durability studies of corroding reinforced concrete (RC) members. It is shown that the daily and cumulative mass loss evaluated from the degraded surface topography of the corroded rebar using the simulated model are in good agreement with those evaluated experimentally. Further, the maximum pit depth evaluated from the simulated surface is validated that has valuable applications in estimating degraded strength of corroding steel and service life of RC members.

The influence of grass competition and soil moisture on the growth and phenology of Karoo shrubs in the Eastern Upper Karoo

Rainfall in the Nama-Karoo is sporadic and a plant’s ability to access and utilise available soil moisture will determine its ability to persist in the system and to successfully recruit. When summer rainfall in the Eastern Karoo increases, grassiness increases at the expense of shrub canopy cover. This may drive a transition from shrubland toward grassland. The effect of grass–shrub competition on shrub growth and phenology in the Eastern Karoo is not adequately explained by the root–niche separation hypothesis or the succession hypothesis. In an experiment, we measured shrub growth and phenology in the absence (clipping treatment) and presence (control treatment) of grass over the 2017/2018 rainfall season. Grass clipping changed grass species composition over this period, but grass clipping did not benefit shrubs. We found no competitive effect of grasses on shrubs. However, shrub canopy cover showed a strong linear response to soil moisture, as did canopy cover to temperature. Similarly, soil moisture and temperature were important for stem growth and shrub phenology. Patterns of shrub growth and phenology in response to summer and winter rainfall provide important insight for land managers for optimising production while enabling phenological processes that allow recruitment to take place.

Diffusion Mechanisms of Dissolved Gases in Transformer Oil Influenced with Moisture Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) of insulating oil is widely used for diagnosing transformer incipient faults. Moisture is a major contaminant and degradation byproduct of transformer insulating oil. In this paper, molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the influence of moisture on the diffusion movement of dissolved gases in the insulating oil. Cycloalkanes (C20H42), alkanes (C20H38), and aromatic hydrocarbons (C20H26) are selected as the basic structural units in the constructed transformer oil simulation system. 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% moisture molecules are added to insulating oil, respectively, and the insulating oil generates seven kinds of gas molecules through cracking. With an anhydrous model used as a benchmark, we researched the diffusion trajectory, the diffusion coefficient (D), free volume (V F), and the moisture-gas interaction energy of each gas molecule as a function of moisture content. Through this study, we found that the increase of moisture content enlarges the V F value of dissolved gas in insulating oil, which makes the gas in oil easier to diffuse. Besides, the moisture can also alter the mean square displacement (MSD) of dissolved gases; the mutual energy of molecules is mainly affected by the electrostatic interaction energy. This study can contribute to a better understanding of the influence of different moisture contents on the diffusion movement of dissolved gas in transformer oil from the micro level.

The Influence of Moisture Absorption‐Drying of Composite Materials on the Bonding Performance of the Joints

AbstractComposite materials are susceptible to environmental threats correlated to moisture absorption, which affects the bonding performance of the joints. Therefore, drying should be taken into account during actual manufacturing operations. In this work, the influence of moisture absorption‐drying of composite materials on the bonding performance of the joints is investigated to provide a theoretical direction for the co‐bonding process. Firstly, the surfaces of composite materials are treated with three methods: sanding, dry peel ply, and wet peel ply. Secondly, the composite materials are subjected to moisture absorption‐drying treatment at 26 °C/65% relative humidity (RH) and 70 °C/85% RH. Finally, the above materials are bonded to evaluate the bonding performance. These results show that the bonding performance of the joints treated with two peel plies decreases significantly after moisture absorption. After moisture absorption‐drying at 26 °C/65% RH, the bonding performance of the joints treated with dry peel ply cannot fully recover, while wet peel ply can be fully recoverable. However, the bonding performance of all joints cannot fully recover after absorbing moisture‐drying at 70 °C/85% RH, whose recovery has relations with surface treatment.

Humidity and Light Modulate Oxygen-Induced Viability Loss in Dehydrated Haematococcus lacustris Cells

Haematoccocus lacustris (previously H. pluvialis) is a desiccation-tolerant unicellular freshwater green alga. During acclimation to desiccation, astaxanthin-rich lipid bodies and low-molecular-weight antioxidants (α-tocopherol, glutathione) accumulate, while the chloroplast area and chlorophyll contents decrease, which may facilitate desiccation tolerance by preventing damage mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we investigated the influence of moisture, light, oxygen, and temperature on redox homeostasis and cell longevity. Respiration and unbound freezable water were detectable in cells equilibrated to ≥90% relative humidity (RH), a threshold above which viability considerably shortened. At 92.5% RH and 21 °C, antioxidants depleted over days as cells lost viability, especially in an oxygen-rich atmosphere, supporting the role of ROS production in uncoupled respiration in viability loss. At 80% RH and 21 °C, redox homeostasis was maintained over weeks, and longevity was less influenced by oxygen. Light and oxygen was a lethal combination at 92.5% RH, under which pigments bleached, while in the dark only astaxanthin bleached. Viability positively correlated with glutathione concentrations across all treatments, while correlation with α-tocopherol was weaker, indicating limited viability loss from lipid peroxidation at 80% RH. In cells equilibrated to 50% RH, longevity and redox homeostasis showed strong temperature dependency, and viability was maintained at sub-zero temperatures for up to three years, revealing cryogenic storage to be an optimal strategy to store H. lacustris germplasm.

Response of Soil Respiration Rates to Soil Temperature and Moisture at Different Soil Depths of Caragana korshinskii Plantation in the Loess-Hilly Region

It is of great significance to clarify the influence of soil temperature and moisture on soil respiration rate and its characteristics in ecologically fragile regions under the background of climate change for the accurate assessment and prediction of carbon budgets in this region. The average CO2 concentration and soil temperature and moisture at different soil depths (10, 50, and 100 cm) were measured using a CO2 analyzer and temperature and moisture sensors. The soil respiration rate was calculated using Fick's first diffusion coefficient method. The dynamic characteristics of soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil respiration rate in different soil depths were explored, and the response of soil respiration rate to soil temperature and moisture were further analyzed. The results showed that the diurnal variation in soil respiration rate decreased significantly with the increase in soil depth (P<0.05), and the peak time lagged behind. Soil respiration rate in adjacent soil depths (10, 50, and 100 cm) lagged 1 h from top to bottom. The monthly variation in soil respiration rate was a multi-peak curve, in which the maximum soil respiration rates of 10, 50, and 100 cm soil depths were on July 25th, August 6th, and August 10th, reaching 13.96, 2.96, and 1.47 μmol·(m2·s)-1, respectively. The effect of soil temperature on soil respiration rate decreased with the increase in soil depth. Soil temperature at 50 cm and below had no significant effect on soil respiration rate (P>0.05). The fitting index of 10 cm soil depth was the best (R2=0.96), but the fitting indexes of 50 cm and 100 cm soil depths were poor (R2=0.00 and R2=0.01, respectively). The temperature sensitivity coefficient Q10 decreased with the increase in soil depth. Soil moisture in different soil depths had significant effects on soil respiration rate (P<0.05), and the quadratic fitting indicated that 50 cm (R2=0.35)>10 cm (R2=0.22)>100 cm (R2=0.31). The combined effects of soil temperature and moisture in different soil depths could explain 96%, 6%-50%, and 22%-24% of soil respiration rate, respectively. In summary, the effects of soil temperature and moisture at different soil depths of the Caragana korshinskii plantation in the loess-hilly region on soil respiration rate differed. The soil respiration rate of the 10 cm soil depth was affected by the comprehensive effect of soil temperature and moisture; however, the relative contribution of soil temperature was higher, and soil moisture at and below a soil depth of 50 cm was the key factor. These results could help improve predictions on the impact of future climate change on the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems in the region and provide a theoretical basis for greenhouse gas regulation in the future.

Understanding the role of initial soil moisture and precipitation magnitude in flood forecast using a hydrometeorological modelling system

AbstractWe adapted the WRF‐Hydro modelling system to Hurricane Florence (2018) and performed a series of diagnostic experiments to assess the influence of initial soil moisture and precipitation magnitude on flood simulation over the Cape Fear River basin in the United States. Model results suggest that: (1) The modulation effect of initial soil moisture on the flood peak is non‐linear and weakens as precipitation magnitude increases. There is a threshold value of the soil saturation, below and above which the sensitivity of flood peak to the soil moisture differentiates substantially; (2) For model spin‐up, streamflow needs longer time to reach the ‘practical’ equilibrium (10%) than the soil moisture and latent heat flux. The model uncertainty from spin‐up can propagate through the hydrometeorological modelling chain and get amplified into the flood peak; (3) For ensemble flood modelling with a hydrometeorological system, modelling uncertainty is dominated by the precipitation forecast. Spin‐up induced uncertainty can be minimized once the model reaches the ‘practical’ equilibrium.

Influence of Soil Moisture and Bioamendments on the Speciation and Bioavailability of Chromium in Contaminated Soils

Influence of Soil Moisture and Bioamendments on the Speciation and Bioavailability of Chromium in Contaminated Soils

Geotechnical Evaluation of Crushed Sandstone Waste Materials from Amasiri Quarries, Southeastern Nigeria for Use in Civil Engineering Projects

This paper presents the study of crushed sandstones wastes (CSW) aiming at their utilization as main materials for the base layer of flexible pavements with series of geotechnical laboratory tests contained in American Society for Testing and Materials adopted for their evaluations. The tests conducted included particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics, California bearing ratio, unconsolidated undrained compressive strength, free swell index and one-dimensional consolidation tests. Statistical analyses using proprietary computer software were used to investigate the spatial variations of the geotechnical data, and degrees of relationships that exist among the tested parameters. From the results, the Atterberg limits tests revealed intermediate plasticity with less than 35% fines (percentage passing No. 200 British Standard sieve) in majority of the samples; an indication of good highway materials. The relatively high maximum dry density, low optimum moisture content and high shear strength recorded by the tested CSW materials proved their usability in most road projects such as sub-base and subgrade. The strength indicators adopted to evaluate the validity of the CSW as pavement materials showed relatively high shear strength as the undrained cohesion values satisfy the requirement of greater than 103 kN/m2 values specified for base course materials. The empirical correlations analyses verified the influence of moisture on the strength parameters and gave a general overview of the geotechnical behaviors of the examined quarry wastes. Therefore, CSW materials are adjudge suitable but in order to achieve long term strength gain and stability especially in high volume applications, stabilizations will be required.