Influence Of Mining Operations Research Articles

ON THE NEED FOR A COMPREHENSIVE GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF LANDS DISTURBED BY MINING

Link for citation: Gavrilov V.L., Nemova N.A., Reznik A.V., Kosarev N.S., Kolesnikov A.A. On the need for a comprehensive geoecological assessment of lands disturbed by mining. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 10, рр. 76-87. In Rus. The relevance of the study is caused by the need to systematize information on the methods and procedure for obtaining data for a comprehensive geoecological assessment of territories disturbed by mining, based on the initial state of natural and modified components of the environment with the processes and phenomena occurring in it. This enables us to obtain information about the territories required for the development of methods and techniques for the subsequent reclamation of lands disturbed by mining. Objective: using various methods and techniques, to analyze methodological approaches that allow generating the necessary and sufficient volume of primary and required information synthesized on its basis, to proceed from a general to a comprehensive and detailed geoecological assessment of territories and areas disturbed and/or planned to be disturbed by mining operations. Objects: territories of Russia in mining regions disturbed by mining operations. Methods. Pre-selection of materials published in various publications since 2000 was carried out. Russian (E-library, VINITI RAS) and international (Scopus, GeoRef) information systems, websites of specialized and general scientific journals, library collections, and authors’ materials were used. When querying, the following basic terms and phrases were used in various combinations: «geoecological assessment», «assessment methods», «territories disturbed by mining», «remote sensing», «environmental condition». Of more than 1000 pre-identified publications, mostly Russian, devoted to various aspects of collecting and obtaining information on assessing the environmental condition in mining areas, more than 150 were selected. Publications were analyzed taking into account the most complete representation by region and publication. Additionally, materials published by federal and regional management and control authorities were used. The most important and representative ones were included in the review. Results. Existing and promising methods for collecting various data used in the geoecological assessment of territories disturbed by mining are considered. If required, these data will be further processed. Environmental, economic and social problems caused by the influence of mining operations are identified, the solution of these problems requires the generation of various information. The role of reliable and representative primary data measured on various scales is formulated to make a correct assessment of their impact on basic environmental components. The influence of the conditions of mining coal and ore deposits on environmental situation of the territories is considered. The necessity of using a set of methods for collecting and processing information, selected with regard to peculiarities of each mining area and mining specifics of various mineral deposits, is shown.

Impact of Geotechnical Barrier Modelled in the Vicinity of a Building Structures Located in Mining Area

The paper presents a new geotechnical solution indicating a possibility of effective building structures protection. The presented solutions enable minimization of negative effects of underground mining operations. Results of numerical modelling have been presented for an example of design of preventive ditches reducing the influence of mining operations on the ground surface. To minimize the mining damage or to reduce its reach it is reasonable to look for technical solutions, which would enable effective protection of building structures. So far authors concentrated primarily on the development of building structure protection methods to minimize the damage caused by the underground mining. The application of geotechnical methods, which could protect building structures against the mining damage, was not considered so far in scientific papers. It should be noticed that relatively few publications are directly related to those issues and there are no practical examples of effective geotechnical protection. This paper presents a geotechnical solution indicating a possibility of effective protection of building structures. The presented solutions enable minimization of negative effects of underground mining operations. Results of numerical modelling have been presented for an example of design of preventive ditches reducing the influence of mining operations on the ground surface. The calculations were carried out in the Abaqus software, based on the finite element method.

The Influence of Mining Operations on Seismic Activity of the Rocks in Underground Mines of the Khibiny Massif

The Influence of Mining Operations on Seismic Activity of the Rocks in Underground Mines of the Khibiny Massif

The Influence of Mining Operations on Seismic Activity of the Rocks in Underground Mines of the Khibiny Massif

The issues of the causes and factors of manifestation of seismic activity during the extraction of minerals in the deposits of the Khibiny massif, which are mined underground, are considered. Based on seismic monitoring data, groups of seismic activity were identified, such as seismicity in the working area, directly related to blasting and natural seismicity, related to other mining and geological factors. The difference in the characteristics of the manifestation of seismicity for these two groups of seismic events is shown.

Roadway Protection by Roof-Cutting in the Support Removing Channel of the Long-Wall Mining Face

Aiming at strong mining pressure and large deformation of surrounding rock in the main roadway, a mechanical model of the advanced abutment pressure distribution in the long-wall mining face was established. The main reason for the large deformation of the surrounding rock in the main roadway was found to be unreasonable position of the stop line, which brings the main roadway under the influence of mining operations. Therefore, on the premise of an unaltered stop line, the technique of cutting the roof and use of pressure relief to protect the main roadway were proposed. The technique will form a weak surface along the stop line, blocking the rock layer from transmitting the abutment pressure. Engineering practice shows that by using the advanced roof cutting and pressure-relief technique, the abutment pressure on the long-wall mining face is reduced and the main roadway is protected.

Influence of mining operations on road pavement and sewer system – selected case studies

Influence of mining operations on road pavement and sewer system – selected case studies

Prediction of hydrogeomechanical processes in undermining of water bodies

Rivers, arable land, engineering structures, urban buildings, and communications often fall into the zone of influence of mining operations. Insufficiently justified mining development often leads to negative environmental and social consequences of the violation or destruction of these objects. On the other hand, surface and underground waters often complicate the development of minerals, negatively affecting the safety of production. The paper deals with the interaction of hydrogeological and geomechanical processes near water bodies in complex mining and hydrogeological conditions. One field of research is based on the development of an engineering approach to the analysis of the interaction of hydrogeological and deformation processes. In this case, the results of instrumental field observations and experience of mining operations near water bodies are used. In this approach, it is assumed that six zones can be distinguished in the under-worked rock mass: collapsed rock; through cracks; partially through cracks; individual cracks that do not form a single system; the zone without discontinuities of continuity; the zone of high stresses and compression deformations. As an example of the application of this approach, the development of a mineral deposit under a river is considered and recommendations are made for the preservation of the earth’s surface from waterlogging. The second field of research is related to mathematical modeling and the use of crack theory. The results of the simulation showed that a spontaneous hydraulic fracturing crack may develop in the underworked rock mass, which can serve as a main channel for the penetration of underground or surface water into the mine workings. The nature of spontaneous hydraulic fracturing of rocks is determined by the fact that when a man-made impact on the rock mass, one of the main stresses of the rock mass can become less than the hydrostatic pressure of water. In this case, a hydraulic fracturing crack develops in the area where this condition is met. As an example, the breakthrough of water from a surface reservoir into an underground mine is considered. It is shown that at a low crack resistance of rocks, it is possible for a crack to grow into the mine, which may result in a sudden water breakthrough. The acquired knowledge expands the scientific basis for the development of appropriate supplements to the instructions for mining operations under water bodies.

Coupling Treatment of Gas Drainage and Nitrogen Injection for Fire Prevention in the First Stratified Mining goaf：Theoretical Calculation and Field Experiment

ABSTRACT In order to solve gas and spontaneous combustion in high gassy and combustible coal seam, in this work, the hazard control of gas and spontaneous combustion was studied by numerical simulation and on-site experiments, combining data from the first stratified mining working-face in Gushan Mine, China. Fracture variation in roof and floor of the coal were simulated by the UDEC software with the influence of mining operations. The on-site experiments and COMSOL Multiphysics numerical simulation method were carried out to study the width variation of oxidation zone in goaf with buried pipe extraction and nitrogen injection. The results showed that the combined use of high position borehole drilling, buried pipe in goaf and downward floor hole could reduce the amount of gas extraction, but the stereoscopic gas extraction would enlarge the width of oxidation zone. However, the nitrogen injection measures in goaf could reduce the amount of gas extraction and width of the oxidation zone at the same time, while it also increased the pumping capacity of downwards hole. Besides, the goaf nitrogen injection had a good inhibitory effect on both residual coal seam spontaneous combustion and bottom stratification gas emission.

Использование геоинформационных систем для решения прогнозных инженерно-геологических задач при разработке месторождений полезных ископаемых

One of the priorities of engineering geology in the development of underground mineral deposits is the dynamics of changes in geotechnical conditions as a result of anthropogenic factors and the degree of impact on existing buildings and structures. The most significant anthropogenic impact is associated with the extraction of minerals and host rocks. As a result of the development of the underground space, deformations of the earth's surface occur. It results in the subsidence features, changes in curvature, slope, compression and extension of rocks as a result of horizontal and vertical deformations. In turn, it leads to a change in the hydrological and hydrogeological regime, activation of exogenous processes, etc. This article presents the results of the creation of a GIS system to solve the forecast problems of changing engineering and geological conditions as a result of anthropogenic impact. The use of GIS technologies allows specialists to provide reliable and relevant information for assessing geotechnical risks in mining areas and making proper management decisions. The result of prognostic modeling should be a set of maps (cartographic layers) in the zone of influence of mining operations, containing the following information: forecast of the degree of anthropogenic impact, forecast of changes in geotechnical, hydrogeological, engineering and geological conditions, identification of objects on the earth’s surface that are in danger. Based on these predictive calculations, it is necessary to develop measures to reduce the negative impact. Such informational models of the territory should be supported at all stages of the life cycle of the field that will allow receiving high-quality information about the engineering and geological conditions of the developed territory at any time.

Laws of gas draining in the massif disturbed by mining operations

A method for calculating gas permeability of the rock massif depending on its stress-strain state is presented. By using methods of the mine experimental studies, influence of mining operations in the adjacent long walls on intensity of gas release from the previously worked-out long-pillar was determined, as well as impact of the massif stress-strain state on efficiency of the drainage boreholes. Formulas were obtained for calculating coefficients of the impact of zones with static and dynamic abutment pressure on intensity of gas draining in the previously worked-out long-pillar.

Estimation of fracture systems parameters in rock massif by the finite element method

Results of analytical, laboratory and mine studies of parameters of disintegration zones in structurally-heterogeneous rocks and fracture systems around of the deep mine roadways are presented. A mathematical model is proposed, which is realized with the help of the procedures of simulation modeling by finite element method. Based on the calculation of possible directions of the rock shearing (the “rock shear sites”) and breakage of bonds between the elements, the model allows determining orientation of dominant master fracture system development with taking into account natural structural defects in the rock massif. A new algorithm was created for determining master cracks and boundaries of disintegration zones with the layered rock, which differs by determining directions of rock shear sites in the elastoplastic problem considering residual strength and main structural defects of the structurally-heterogeneous rock massif. Regularities of organization of unidirectional rock shear sites and their distribution under the influence of mining operations in zones with inelastic deformations were established.

Influence of Soil Deformation Caused by Mining on Sewage Pipelines Built Using The Pipe Jacking Method

Abstract This paper discusses the issues associated with the influence of underground mining operations on sewage pipelines built using the pipe jacking method. At present, to build sewage pipelines, especially in urban areas and deep embedment, trenchless technologies are employed. Mainly in these technologies, pipes are jacked into a bored tunnel using hydraulic jacks. These methods are also applied in mining areas. The aim of this paper is to analyse the influence of ground deformation, caused by mining operations, on sewage pipelines built using the pipe jacking method. The type of pipelines discussed here is built with butted sections, which cannot compensate the influences of mining operations in pipe joints if horizontal compression occurs in the near-surface layer of soil. Pipelines embedded in trenches in the mining areas are secured against the influence of mining operations with expansion joints, which compensate for ground deformation. Hence, in the analysis of the influence of soil deformation caused by mining on sewage pipelines built using jacking method, special attention was paid to the performance of pipe joints. Pipelines of the type are subjected to additional loads and displacements, caused by soil deformations like horizontal strains, horizontal soil displacements and surface curvatures. We propose a way to consider the influence of mining operations on sewage pipelines built using the pipe jacking method.

Influence of mining operations on road pavement and sewer system – selected case studies

Abstract Underground mining operations cause surface deformations which influence structures. A particular group of structures which are susceptible to the influence of mining operations are so-called “linear objects”, whose characteristic parameter is their length. Linear objects consist of, for example: roads, rails, sewers and water supply systems. Changes in the length of measurement bases (deformations) accompanying mining deformations and changes in ordinates, including the difference in subsidence (inclination), to a large extent determine the utility properties of the structures and create a significant nuisance when using them and even causing them to fail completely. It is worth emphasising that when applying proper preventive measures once continuous deformations have begun, it is possible to use the objects for a relatively long period of time. In the case of discontinuous deformations, the utility properties are significantly deteriorated, which most often leads to failures, significantly hastening the decision to conduct repair works. This article presents selected cases of the continuous influence of mining operations on a sewer system and of discontinuous deformations on a road pavement. The presented research and in situ observations may be useful in assessing, designing or re-building such structures in areas where mining operations are planned.

Influence of mining operations on hydrogeological and geochemical characteritics of rock masses : MONJOIE, A POLO-CHIAPOLINI, C In French. 3F, 5T, 6R. ANN. MIN. BELG. SEPT. 1973, P1038–1051

Influence of mining operations on hydrogeological and geochemical characteritics of rock masses : MONJOIE, A POLO-CHIAPOLINI, C In French. 3F, 5T, 6R. ANN. MIN. BELG. SEPT. 1973, P1038–1051

Contribution to the study of ground movements under the influence of mining operations

Contribution to the study of ground movements under the influence of mining operations