Influence Of Micro Research Articles

Justification of Ukraine’s tourist services development strategy

The article aims to research problems and prospects of development of the tourist services market of Ukraine. According to the method of developing the environmental profile, the factors of external and internal environment that have impact on the development of Ukraine’s tourism industry have been determined. It is defined that the most influential factors of the microenvironment are the high degree of customer commitment to the services of tourist enterprises, the provision of payment forms and terms of receiving services favorable to tourist enterprises, the low level of consumer awareness about the tourist enterprises’ services, the mismatch of the range (quality) of services to customer requirements, buyers’ high sensitivity to the price. It is established that the tourism industry enterprises are most influenced by the following macroenvironmental factors: economic, political, ecological, scientific and technological. According to the research results, the paper determines the strategic goal of Ukraine’s tourist services market development – to make Ukraine a country of clean and attractive environment, as well as of culture, tourism and recreation. Coefficients of influence of micro-, macro- and internal environmental factors on Ukraine’s tourist services market development are calculated and their influence on Ukraine’s tourist industry development is investigated. According to the SWOT analysis results, the strategy of the tourist services market development is substantiated. This is a reference strategy of development – the strategy of concentrated growth implemented in the same direction as the market development. The implementation of this strategy requires considerable marketing efforts on the part of tourism enterprises. It is proved that the effectiveness of the strategy depends on organizing the process of its implementation and control over the implementation. The priority directions of implementing the strategy of Ukriane’s tourist services market development are defined: to increase regions’ competitiveness and strengthen their resource potential, to ensure human resources development and interregional cooperation. JEL Classification: R58.

Development of a Monitoring Strategy for Laser-Textured Metallic Surfaces Using a Diffractive Approach.

The current status of research around the world concurs on the powerful influence of micro- and nano-textured surfaces in terms of surface functionalization. In order to characterize the manufactured topographical morphology with regard to the surface quality or homogeneity, major efforts are still required. In this work, an optical approach for the indirect evaluation of the quality and morphology of surface structures manufactured with Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) is presented. For testing the designed optical configuration, line-like surface patterns are fabricated at a 1064 nm wavelength on stainless steel with a repetitive distance of 4.9 µm, utilizing a two-beam DLIP configuration. Depending on the pulse to pulse overlap and hatch distance, different single and complex pattern geometries are produced, presenting non-homogenous and homogenous surface patterns. The developed optical system permitted the successfully classification of different pattern geometries, in particular, those showing single-scale morphology (high homogeneity). Additionally, the fabricated structures were measured using confocal microscopy method, and the obtained topographies were correlated with the recorded optical images.

Pengaruh Verifikasi Data Nasabah Kredit UMKM dan Nilai yang Diberikan untuk Menghindari Kredit Bermasalah

Variable used for this study consists of two variables independent that is Data Verification Influence of Micro, Small, and Medium Business Credit and Value Of Guarantees Provided with one variable dependent that is Avoid Problem Loans. Period of research conducted on quarterly financial statements from 2016-2017. Method used in this research is descriptive method.
 This study intend to find out the effect of verifying the exact data and value of guarantee provided by the debtor capable to avoid problem loans in the future. The study results showed that consumers verification data and the type of guarantee able to make debtor avoid problem loans, it proven from decreased number of total problem loans during 2016 – 2017, although total credit still increase significant.

Experimental and survey-based evidences for effective biotic resistance by predators in ports

Of the suite of species interactions involved in biotic resistance to species invasions, predation can have complex outcomes according to the theoretical and empirical framework of community ecology. In this study, we aimed to determine the likelihood of consumptive biotic resistance within fouling communities in four ports of central Chile. Notably, we examined the influence of micro- (> 1–2 mm, 1–2 cm) predators, with a particular focus on their effects on non-indigenous species (NIS). Experimental and observational approaches were combined. An exclusion experiment was carried out over 4 months to examine predator effect on the early establishment of new assemblages on settlement panels. Later successional stages upon panels were examined over a total of 26 months and supported by rapid assessment surveys in the surrounding habitats. Community structure was significantly influenced by the exclusion treatments. Macropredators reduced the fouling biomass and abundance, although conflicting patterns emerged from the exclusion of both categories of predators. Altogether, predators reduced the abundance of most NIS and cryptogenic species, some of them being only observed when the two categories of predators were excluded—a pattern generally sustained over the long-term dynamics in community development. Our results show an effective consumptive biotic resistance, furthermore possibly dependent on predator size. Further work is however needed to determine the influence of the functional diversity of natural enemies on the efficiency of biotic resistance and its interplay with other biotic interactions (competition or mutualism). A comprehensive understanding of these processes should in turn help defining management strategies in a context of habitat modification and species loss.

Influence of Micro and Nanosilica on the Frost–Heave Process

Frost-heave of soils is an important problem in engineering practice. Thus, it became necessary to find an adequate method that would reduce the negative effect of this phenomenon on building structures. The paper presents the preliminary tests results of microsilica (MS) and nanosilica (NS) influence on the water freezing process in frost-susceptible soils. The selection of stabilising additives also allowed for the analysis of changes that result from their transition from micro to nanoscale. For the purposes of the experiment a test stand was constructed, that enables to analyse six samples at the same time, at inflow of water from the bottom and freezing direction from the top. The use of linear potentiometer displacement sensors allowed to measure the increase in the height of samples automatically. Additionally, the measurement stand was equipped with digital semiconductor temperature sensors, so temperature could be measured at various heights of the samples. Moreover, an array of electrodes was applied to measure the electrical conductivity of soil at various levels of samples, which enabled the analysis of changes that occur in freezing soil. The tests were conducted according to the BS 812-124:1989 standard, in three variants: soil, soil + 5% MS, soil + 5% NS. The obtained results demonstrated that the addition of microsilica reduces the occurrence of ice lenses, which in turn significantly decreases the growth in sample height. However, the addition of nanosilica completely stops the frost-heave process. Ice lens is not created, only a frost line is noticeable. Analysing the distribution of temperatures at different heights, it was noted that stabilised samples are characterised by higher temperature in comparison to the soil without additives. This means that the analysed stabilisers reduce the degree of freezing of the soil mixture. The highest temperatures were noted in samples stabilised with nanosilica. Conductivity tests also demonstrated that the smallest changes occurred in samples stabilised with nanosilica. This results from the fact that ice lenses did not occur in such samples. In order to analyse the obtained results and their interpretation thoroughly, it is necessary to perform a detailed analysis of the microstructure both of soil and of soil with stabilising additives.

Experimental evidence that micro and macrostructural surface properties markedly influence on abrasion resistance of concretes

Surface abrasive wear is a pathological manifestation that compromises concrete floors. Although the abrasion resistance of concretes has been extensively associated with the materials and matrix properties, the influence of the surface layer quality has been less explored. The present work investigated the influence of micro and macrostructural properties related to the surface layer as compared to matrix properties on the abrasion resistance of concretes with different materials and proportions. A decrease of hardness and microhardness was observed, as well as an increase of total porosity and pore diameters, in concretes with 0.6 water/binder (w/b) ratio and when cured in a heat box, which were associated with an increase of the abrasive wear. Interestingly, silica fume (SF) improved the abrasive resistance of the surface but only of the composites with 0.4 w/b ratio. In contrast, we verified a beneficial effect of SF in concretes with either 0.4 or 0.6 w/b ratio on the matrix properties. Altogether, the data demonstrated that the micro and macrostructural surface properties markedly influenced in the abrasion resistance, indicating that this parameter may be more related to the quality of the concrete surface layer than to the matrix performance.

РЕФЕРЕНТНА СОЦІАЛЬНА СИСТЕМА СУЧАСНОЇ ОСОБИСТОСТІ (КРОС-КУЛЬТУРНИЙ АСПЕКТ)

The article deals with the study of the reference social environment peculiarities of modern personality. It is known that the personality develops and forms in the process of entering the social environment under the influence of micro-, meso- , macro- and mega-factors. According to the transformational processes that take place in the world and particularly in Ukraine, the issues concerning modern social system peculiarities of the personality acquire relevance and practical significance. In order to investigate the reference environment peculiarities of representatives of Ukrainian and Polish ethnic groups and the significance of their influence on these groups, the Demographic Questionnaire by B. Pietrulewicz and J. Tivendell was used. It was modified and adapted by L. Zhuravlyova and O. Shmyglyuk in Ukraine by the agreement of the authors. The existence of ethnic and sexual differences in the reference social environment of the testees is studied empirically. It is stated that the interest of the contemporary Poles and Ukrainians in the reference environment with ethnocultural issues is at an average level. The presence of ethnic and sexual differences in the reference of microcommunity has been proved empirically. The representatives of the female sample differ in their assessment of the interest of the social environment in ethnocultural issues. Ukrainian women show a higher level of the interest in family, compared to the Poles who consider that friends are more important. Ukrainians are believed to be the most interested in the ethnocultural issues of friends, and Poles – teachers and employers. The sexual and ethnic differences in the reference point of the social environment are specified. Mass media are the most significant for Ukrainian men, parents’ opinion is significant for Ukrainian women. The Polish men make an emphasis on the "referencing friends", and Polish women give a great prominence to the opinion of teachers and employers.

Topographical patterning: characteristics of current processing techniques, controllable effects on material properties and co-cultured cell fate, updated applications in tissue engineering, and improvement strategies.

Topographical patterning has recently attracted lots of attention in regulating cell fate, understanding the mechanism of cell-microenvironment interactions, and solving the great issues of regenerative medicine. The introduced patterns offer topographical cues that can affect the reconstruction of the cytoskeleton or stimulate cell membrane receptors. Numerous studies have focused on these effects on cell behavior including attachment, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. In this review, five aspects of topographical patterning are discussed: (1) the process of typical micro-/nanotechniques and their advantages and limitations; (2) the effects of patterning on the mechanical properties and surface properties of substrates; (3) the influences of micro-/nanopatterns on the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells, as well as the underlying mechanisms; (4) the application of patterns to solve the issues of targeted organs (e.g., skin, nerves, blood vessels, bones, and heart). In the end, future perspectives that would help promote the efficiency of topographical patterning are proposed.

The influence of micro and macro porosity of paper on wet repellence mottling in offset printing

Fountain solution induced mottling in offset printing manifests as non-homogenous printing area with optical variation has several influencing factors. One mechanism is that the fountain solution from the previous printing unit has no time to absorb into the coating before ink transfer or the ink cannot emulsify the water and stays on top of the ink surface as an additional hydrophilic layer. In paper coating development, the paper chemistry influences the surface chemistry features of the ink-paper coating interaction and can cause water repellency. Porosity and the absorbing capacity of paper and its coating is of great importance to avoid press related problems. In this paper, we have examined paper substrates which were reported to cause wet repellence mottling and tested their porosity ratio of micro and macro pores and their water/ink absorption properties. The micro macro porosity was determined by using easy and low-cost proprietary technique for the porosity ratio determination. We have measured ink stabilization values, penetration dynamics, wet repellence mottling and micro and macro porosity on paper samples printed with laboratory sheet-fed offset printing. We have found that the lower number of macropores and non-optimal micro and macropore distribution influenced the occurrence of water induced wet repellence and lowered the optical homogeneity of the samples.

Influence of Micro- Size Silica Powder on Physical and Rheological Characteristics of Asphalt Binder

During the last years, the use of by-product materials, such as micro silica, mS, especially in the area of highway pavement materials has received increasing interest. The experimental work of this research focused on the investigation of the potential use of micro silica powder to enhance the rheological properties of asphalt cement binder. To achieve this aim, mixtures with various contents of micro silica and asphalt were prepared. The asphalt cement and micro silica were first tested. The micro silica powder has been mixed with the asphalt cement at a temperature of 140 °C by conventional mechanical mixer at 2000 rpm. Two mixing time durations were implemented to produce the modified asphalt mixtures: 30 and 60 minutes. The mS modified asphalt was then evaluated for the empirical physical and rheological properties including penetration value, softening point temperature, temperature susceptibility, Brookfield Rotational viscosity and ductility. The experimental work results showed that micro silica powder reduces penetration value and increases softening point temperature. Progressive increases in mS content were found to increase Brookfield Rotational Viscosity (RV) and tend to decrease the ductility of the studied specimens. The negative effects of added mS were more pronounced at values more than 4%. Finally, the increase in mixing time duration may slightly lead to good micro silica powder dispersion into the asphalt matrix, but it is the consumption of energy and cost.

The Effect of Micro and Macroeconomic on Investment Opportunity

The purpose of this study is to obtain results: the influence of micro and macroeconomic factors of the company on investment opportunities. This research is conducted in five ASEAN countries, such as; Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines (ASEAN-5). The microeconomic factors are measured by firm size, financial risk, profitability, and debt policy. The macroeconomic factors are measured by interest rates, exchange rates, inflation, and economic growth. The analysis unit of this study is 175 large capacity manufacturing industries listed on ASEAN-5 stock exchanges for the 2012-2017 period. The data analysis technique used is panel data regression analysis. The result shows that the Debt Equity Ratio has a negative and significant effect on investment opportunities in Microeconomic influence for the ASEAN-5 Countries. Risk does not have a significant effect on investment opportunities. Profitability is insignificant for the ASEAN-5 Countries and is significant for the State of Singapore, Thailand. Firm Size is significant for Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines. GDP growth has a significant effect on investment opportunities for the ASEAN-5 countries. The interest rate has harmed the opportunities of investment in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. Inflation has a negative and significant effect in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines. Exchange rates are significant for Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. Investment opportunities have a positive effect on the value of the company in ASEAN-5 Countries. The benefits of this study for creditors are as a guideline for disbursing credit, and for investors it is as a guideline for placing capital investments in companies that have favorable debt and equity considerations in five (5) ASEAN Countries.

Studying buckling of composite rods made of hybrid carbon fiber/carbon nanotube reinforced polyimide using multiscale FEM

In this paper, the buckling behavior of rods made of carbon fiber/carbon nanotube-reinforced polyimide (CF/CNT-RP) under the action of axial load is investigated based on a multiscale finite element method. A dual-step procedure is first adopted to couple the influences of micro- and nano-scale in order to obtain the equivalent elastic properties of CF/CNT-RP for various volume fractions of CF and CNT. The interphase effect between CNTs and the polymer matrix is taken into consideration. Also, dispersion of CF/CNT into the polymer matrix is assumed to be random. Then, rods with square and circular cross sections are considered whose stability characteristics are analyzed. The finite element modeling is performed using two models including a 3D brick model and a 2D beam model. Selected numerical results are given to study the effects of volume fraction of CNT/CF, interphase and geometrical properties on the axial buckling response of multiscale composite rods.

Assessment of the influence of micro- and nano-silica on the behavior of self-compacting lightweight concrete using full factorial design

The effects of different replacement levels of micro-silica (MS), colloidal nano-silica (CS) and also the combined addition of MS and CS on the behavior of self-compacting lightweight concrete (SCLC) were studied using the general full factorial design method. Three factors, including water to binder ratio (w/b) with two levels of 0.35 and 0.45, CS with four replacement levels of 0, 1, 3 and 5%, and MS with two replacement levels of 0% and 10% were chosen and three tests were conducted for each response. The modulus of elasticity, compressive strength and water absorption were selected as the responses at the age of 28 days. Also, using multiple regression analysis, acceptable prediction regression models were derived. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the effects of all three factors on fresh and hardened properties of SCLCs were significant. The results displayed that the mentioned properties for the SCLC specimens containing MS or CS improved, but the best performance was obtained in ternary mixes which were created by adding both MS and CS simultaneously. The optimal condition for having the best result of SCLC was obtained when the amounts of MS and CS were 10% and 3%, respectively.

Influence of a material and the technological factors on improvement of operating properties of machine parts by reliefs and film coatings

A joint effect of preliminary cold plastic deformation and environmentally friendly lubricating substances of plant origin on the improvement of machinability of austenitic steels was considered. This extends the use of such steels as structural material in machine building. The influence of micro- and macroreliefs of machined parts both as technological and operational factors was explored. The former involves division of allowances during machining deep openings, and the latter involves the improvement of operational characteristics of the surface of a part. The influence of film coatings on an increase in durability of rolling bearings was studied. In particular, it was found that these coatings heal micro cracks from grinding of rolling bearings cases and bodies and increase the reliability of these crucial parts by increasing the level of hardness. It was shown that the curvature of the generatrix of deep openings should be decreased by changing the directions of major movements in the related operations. It was established that special attention should be paid to the heredity of machining.The ways of improvement of machinability of austenitic steels were substantiated. This is the use of preliminary cold plastic deformation to execute a part of work of cutting and transferring paramagnetic status of steels into magnetic. It is also the use of environmentally friendly lubricants of plant origin during cutting. The dual purpose of the reliefs of the surface of a part – technological and operational – was established. The former is executed by a special broaching tool and is effective during machining deep openings. The purpose of the latter is to create labyrinths for lubricants and division of shells into separate elements. The mechanism of the action of vacuum film coating on reliability of rolling bearings, which contributes to healing micro cracks from the preliminary abrasive treatment and an increase in surface hardness, was studied. It was shown that a decrease in the height of curvilinearity and waviness of deep openings is achieved by the change in the main motion of the related operations.Results of the research are the basis for creating technologies of critical machine parts in production

Factors influencing time allocation of sport event volunteers

Purpose Given the increasing demands placed on a sport event workforce in servicing the needs of spectators, to attract and recruit volunteers to the industry, it is important for sport event managers to know what is driving how much time volunteers allocate to an event. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the individual and macro-level factors influencing the allocation of time to volunteer at sport events. Design/methodology/approach Survey data were collected from volunteers at 25 sport events (n=2,303). Multi-level modelling was used to identify common effects controlling for event differences. Findings Male gender significantly influences time allocated to an event at the individual level. At the macro-level, the number of local inhabitants has a significant negative effect whereas the status of an international event and duration contribute positively to time allocation. Research limitations/implications The results provide clear evidence that macro-level variables can stimulate interest in event volunteering opportunities. Originality/value This paper uses a multi-level approach to assess the influence of micro- and macro-level variables on time allocation by sport event volunteers. Using this approach, event heterogeneity can be controlled.

Influence of voids presence on mechanical properties of 3D textile composites

Presence of the voids in final part made of textile reinforced materials is one of the main process-induced type of defects, which is governed by a set of manufacturing parameters. This work focuses on investigating the effect of voids on mechanical properties of the 3D textile reinforced composites. This study includes the following steps: manufacturing of composite plates with RTM process, mechanical analysis, and multi-scale material modeling. The internal structure has been characterized from μCT scans and scanning electron microscopy observations. The influences of micro- (intra-yarn) and meso- (inter-yarn) porosities are discussed. Anisotropic damage model has been implemented into Fast Fourier Transform solver for simulation of nonlinear response of the 3D interlock composite. Analysis includes the averaged stresses in different material phases (warp, weft, and matrix) and local concentration of stress/damage field near voids.

Influence of micro- and macro-vascular disease and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 on the level of lower-extremity amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes

BackgroundPatients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) face a high amputation rate. We investigated the relationship between the level of amputation and the presence of micro or macro-vascular disease and related circulating biomarkers, Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 (TNFR1) and Angiopoietin like-2 protein (ANGPTL2).MethodsWe have analyzed data from 1468 T2D participants in a single center prospective cohort (the SURDIAGENE cohort). Our outcome was the occurrence of lower limb amputation categorized in minor (below-ankle) or major (above ankle) amputation. Microvascular disease was defined as a history of albuminuria [microalbuminuria: uACR (urinary albumine-to-creatinine ratio) 30–299 mg/g or macroalbuminuria: uACR ≥ 300 mg/g] and/or severe diabetic retinopathy or macular edema. Macrovascular disease at baseline was divided into peripheral arterial disease (PAD): peripheral artery revascularization and/or major amputation and in non-peripheral macrovascular disease: coronary artery revascularization, myocardial infarction, carotid artery revascularization, stroke. We used a proportional hazard model considering survival without minor or major amputation.ResultsDuring a median follow-up period of 7 (0.5) years, 79 patients (5.5%) underwent amputation including 29 minor and 50 major amputations. History of PAD (HR 4.37 95% CI [2.11–9.07]; p < 0.001), severe diabetic retinopathy (2.69 [1.31–5.57]; p = 0.0073), male gender (10.12 [2.41–42.56]; p = 0.0016) and serum ANGPTL2 concentrations (1.25 [1.08–1.45]; p = 0.0025) were associated with minor amputation outcome. History of PAD (6.91 [3.75–12.72]; p < 0.0001), systolic blood pressure (1.02 [1.00–1.03]; p = 0.004), male gender (3.81 [1.67–8.71]; p = 0.002), and serum TNFR1 concentrations (HR 13.68 [5.57–33.59]; p < 0.0001) were associated with major amputation outcome. Urinary albumin excretion was not significantly associated with the risk of minor and major amputation.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the risk factors associated with the minor vs. major amputation including biomarkers such as TNFR1 should be considered differently in patients with T2D.

Controlling porosity of porous carbon cathode for lithium oxygen batteries: Influence of micro and meso porosity

In rechargeable lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries, the porosity of porous carbon materials plays a crucial role in the electrochemical performance serving as oxygen diffusion path and Li ion transfer passage. However, the influence of optimization of porous carbon as an air electrode on cell electrochemical performance remains unclear. To understand the role of carbon porosity in Li-O2 batteries, carbon materials featuring controlled pore sizes and porosity, including C-800 (nearly 96% microporous) and AC-950 (55:45 micro/meso porosity), are designed and synthesized by carbonization using a triazine-based covalent organic polymer (TCOP). We find that the microporous C-800 cathode allows 120 cycles with a limited capacity of 1000 mAh g−1, about 2 and 10 times higher than that of mixed-porosity AC-950 and mesoporous CMK-3, respectively. Meanwhile, the specific discharge capacity of the C-800 electrode at 200 mA g−1 is 6003 mAh g−1, which is lower than that of the 8433 and 9960 mAh g−1 when using AC-950 and CMK-3, respectively. This difference in the electrochemical performance of the porous carbon cathode with different porosity causes to the generation and decomposition of Li2O2 during the charge and discharge cycle, which affects oxygen diffusion and Li ion transfer.

Role, effect, and influences of micro and nano‐fillers on various properties of polymer matrix composites for microelectronics: A review

Ever since the discovery of polymer composites, its potential has been anticipated for numerous applications in various fields such as microelectronics, automobiles, and industrial applications. In this paper, we review filler reinforced polymer composites for its enormous potential in microelectronic applications. The interface and compatibility between matrix and filler have a significant role in property alteration of a polymer nanocomposites. Ceramic reinforced polymeric nanocomposites are promising candidate dielectric materials for several micro‐ and nano‐electronic devices. Because of its synergistic effect like high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion, and dielectric constant of ceramic fillers with the polymer matrix, the resultant nanocomposites have high dielectric breakdown strength. The thermal and dielectric properties are discussed in the view of filler alignment techniques and its effect on the composites. Furthermore, the effect of various surface modified filler materials in polymer matrix, concepts of network forming using filler, and benefits of filler alignment are also discussed in this work. As a whole, this review article addresses the overall view to novice researchers on various properties such as thermal and dielectric properties of polymer matrix composites and direction for future research to be carried out.

Self-rated health in Europe and its determinants: Does generation matter?

To analyse the influence of micro- and macro-factors on self-rated health, and the role of generation on this relationship. Cross-sectional study using data from European Health Interview Surveys from 14 European countries. Individuals were divided into four generations ("silent generation", "baby boomers", and "generation X" and "Y"). We conducted multilevel analyses for each generation to study the influence of individual and national explanatory variables on self-rated health. Age showed an exponential effect in older generations. Education and employment presented the strongest association with low self-rated health, especially in "baby boomers" and women (low education: OR 3.5; 95% CI 3.2-3.9). Tobacco showed a negative effect in younger generations. Overweight and low physical activity were negatively associated with self-rated health regardless of generation. Countries from the Eastern welfare system showed the highest risk of low self-rated health and this association was higher in men for "silent generation" (OR 4.7; 95% CI 3.0-7.6). The influence of individual and national factors on self-rated health varies regarding generation. The target generation and the demographic structure of a country should be taken into account to develop more accurate health policies.