Influence Of Mechanical Loading Research Articles

Comparative analysis of acute eccentric contraction-induced changes to the skeletal muscle transcriptome in young and aged mice and humans.

Adaptations to skeletal muscle following resistance exercise are due in part to changes to the skeletal muscle transcriptome. While transcriptional changes in response to resistance exercise occur in young and aged muscle, aging alters this response. Rodent models have served great utility in defining regulatory factors that underscore the influence of mechanical load and aging on changes to skeletal muscle phenotype. Unilateral eccentric contractions in young and aged rodents are widely used to model resistance exercise in humans. However, the extent to which unilateral eccentric contractions in young and aged rodents mimics the transcriptional response in humans remains unknown. We re-analyzed two publicly available RNA sequencing datasets from young and aged mice and humans that were subjected to acute eccentric contractions to define key similarities and differences to the muscle transcriptional response following this exercise modality. The effect of aging on the number of contraction-sensitive genes, the distribution patterns of those genes into unique/common categories, and the cellular pathways associated with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were similar in mice and humans. However, there was little overlap between species when comparing specific contraction-sensitive DEGs within the same age group. There were strong intraspecies relationships for the common transcription factors predicted to influence the contraction-sensitive gene sets, whereas interspecies relationships were weak. Overall, these data demonstrate key similarities between mice and humans for the contraction-induced changes to the muscle transcriptome, but we posit species-specific responses exist and should be taken into consideration when attempting to translate rodent eccentric exercise models.

MODELING OSTEOCYTE UNDER SHOCK-WAVE THERAPEUTIC LOADING

Dental implants have substantial significance in modern dentistry, but their osseointegration stage remains the most crucial and time-consuming step for compensating for a lost tooth. One promising approach to improve osseointegration rates is the use of extracorporeal shock wave therapy, which has shown efficacy in treating fractures, bone defects, and bone tissue regeneration in surgical and arthroplasty procedures. To comprehend the potential of shock wave therapy in accelerating implant osseointegration, it is crucial to investigate the influence of mechanical loading on ossification processes of varying scales objectively. This study aims to study numerically the effects of low-energy shock wave therapy at different intensities on the mechanical response of a single osteocyte, the principal bone cell that corresponds to microscale of bone tissue. The investigation employs the method of movable cellular automata for modeling. The computer simulation results and analysis based on mechanobiological principles indicate that low-intensity shock wave loading creates conditions for intramembranous ossification, whereas high-intensity shock wave exposure creates conditions for endochondral ossification.

Influence of Phthalic Acid on the Process of Dendrite Development in Low-Density Polyethylene During Electrical Breakdown

The presented work presents the results of a study on the effect of small amounts of phthalic acid additives on dendrite formation in low-density polyethene (LDPE). Based on the results obtained, it is shown that the dendrite resistance of LDPE, as expected, increases with the introduction of 0.05 wt% phthalic acid. The established increase in dendrite resistance of LDPE with the introduction of phthalic acid can primarily be explained based on a decrease in inhomogeneities in the form of air pores as a result of accelerated structure formation and the emergence of a more homogeneous supramolecular structure. It was revealed that an increase in dendrite resistance correlates with an improvement in the dielectric characteristics of the composition. The influence of mechanical load on the development of dendrites in polymer dielectrics has been studied. As a result of studying the growth of dendrites in LDPE samples and its optimal composition subjected to unilateral stretching, it was found that under the influence of mechanical tensile stresses, the shape of the surface delimiting tree-like shoots changes, this surface is flattened in the direction of stretching. It has been shown that the rate of dendrite growth increases as mechanical tensile forces increase.

Age-related variations in stratum corneum hydration in the foot

ObjectiveThe aims of the study are to identify which region of the foot has lower hydration according to age, measure the variation in the level of stratum corneum hydration of the foot across the a wide age range, and examine hydration differences of the foot according to gender. Study designA descriptive observational study was conducted to assess stratum corneum hydration of the foot among 504 participants recruited between November 2023 and March 2024. Main outcomes measuresStratum corneum hydration assessment was conducted using a Corneometer 825® probe at 10 specific points on the foot. Data on sociodemographic variables, medical history, foot care habits, and hydration-related factors were collected. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v. 24.0. ResultsStratum corneum hydration of the foot varied significantly across regions, with higher hydration in the digital zone and lower hydration in the heel. An inverse correlation was found between age and hydration, with younger participants exhibiting higher hydration levels. Women showed higher hydration than men. Differences in hydration were observed between the right and left feet. ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of localized assessment of foot skin dehydration. Aging significantly affects stratum corneum hydration of the foot. Gender differences in hydration suggest the importance of personalized approaches to skin care. Differential hydration between feet underscores the influence of mechanical load.

Quasi-static bending analysis of composite laminated cylindrical panels under hygrothermal conditions

The combined effects of temperature and humidity, termed hygrothermal, are included in the deformation analysis of laminated composite cylindrical panels based on first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The panel is under transverse mechanical load, and both steady-state and transient hygrothermal loads are considered. The problem is solved using the minimum potential energy theorem for different boundary conditions. The moisture profile through the thickness is obtained by analytical solution of Fick diffusion equation. The dependency of moisture diffusion coefficient on temperature is considered and the material temperature is assumed to be the same as the environmental temperature. Using a semi-analytical approach, displacement field of the panel subjected to evaluated profile of moisture in a specific time and thermo-mechanical loads is obtained. The accuracy and validation of the present solution are demonstrated by solving numerical examples and comparing them with the results available in the literature. Furthermore, new results are presented and effects of various important parameters such as panel geometry, edge boundary conditions, lamination layups and imposed moisture conditions on the deformation of the composite cylindrical panel are studied. Solved examples demonstrate that higher length-to-arc and radius-to-thickness ratios result in increased deflection and amplify the influence of mechanical load compared to hygrothermal effects on the overall deformation of the panel. In most case studies, the hygroscopic deformation observed at one-tenth of the saturation time exceeded half of the deformation observed after the saturation time, which shows the importance of transient hygroscopic analysis.

Mechanical loading and orthobiologic therapies in the treatment of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA): a comprehensive review.

The importance of mechanical loading and its relationship to orthobiologic therapies in the treatment of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is beginning to receive attention. This review explores the current efficacy of orthobiologic interventions, notably platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bone marrow aspirate (BMA), and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), in combating PTOA drawing from a comprehensive review of both preclinical animal models and human clinical studies. This review suggests why mechanical joint loading, such as running, might improve outcomes in PTOA management in conjunction with orthiobiologic administration. Accumulating evidence underscores the influence of mechanical loading on chondrocyte behavior and its pivotal role in PTOA pathogenesis. Dynamic loading has been identified as a key factor for optimal articular cartilage (AC) health and function, offering the potential to slow down or even reverse PTOA progression. We hypothesize that integrating the activation of mechanotransduction pathways with orthobiologic treatment strategies may hold a key to mitigating or even preventing PTOA development. Specific loading patterns incorporating exercise and physical activity for optimal joint health remain to be defined, particularly in the clinical setting following joint trauma.

Influence of Mechanical Loading on the Process of Tribochemical Action on Physicochemical and Biopharmaceutical Properties of Substances, Using Lacosamide as an Example: From Micronisation to Mechanical Activation.

Many physical and chemical properties of solids, such as strength, plasticity, dispersibility, solubility and dissolution are determined by defects in the crystal structure. The aim of this work is to study in situ dynamic, dispersion, chemical, biological and surface properties of lacosamide powder after a complete cycle of mechanical loading by laser scattering, electron microscopy, FR-IR and biopharmaceutical approaches. The SLS method demonstrated the spontaneous tendency toward surface-energy reduction due to aggregation during micronisation. DLS analysis showed conformational changes of colloidal particles as supramolecular complexes depending on the loading time on the solid. SEM analysis demonstrated the conglomeration of needle-like lacosamide particles after 60 min of milling time and the transition to a glassy state with isotropy of properties by the end of the tribochemistry cycle. The following dynamic properties of lacosamide were established: elastic and plastic deformation boundaries, region of inhomogeneous deformation and fracture point. The ratio of dissolution-rate constants in water of samples before and after a full cycle of loading was 2.4. The lacosamide sample, which underwent a full cycle of mechanical loading, showed improved kinetics of API release via analysis of dissolution profiles in 0.1 M HCl medium. The observed activation-energy values of the cell-death biosensor process in aqueous solutions of the lacosamide samples before and after the complete tribochemical cycle were 207 kJmol-1 and 145 kJmol-1, respectively. The equilibrium time of dissolution and activation of cell-biosensor death corresponding to 20 min of mechanical loading on a solid was determined. The current study may have important practical significance for the transformation and management of the properties of drug substances in solid form and in solutions and for increasing the strength of drug matrices by pre-strain hardening via structural rearrangements during mechanical loading.

Research on the formation of the structure of dairy desserts with a combined composition of raw materials under the influence of technological factors

Subject of study. Dairy products are complex in chemical composition and have a complex of various properties that affect the quality of the fnished product, in particular, its structure. Consumer demands for food quality are constantly growing, which leads to the improvement of technological processes. Therefore, the study of the influence of technological factors in the production of dairy products for dessert purposes on the formation of their structure is an urgent issue. The study aimed to investigate the influence of technological factors, in particular, different temperature regimes of packaging on the structure of the fnished product. The results. The article presents the results of studies on the formation of the structure of pudding and cream packaged at different temperatures. It has been shown that the flow curves of dairy desserts, characteristic of thixotropic systems, change their structure under the influence of mechanical loads. It was found that samples of dairy desserts packaged immediately after thermomechanical processing had a lower thixotropy coefcient compared to samples packaged after cooling. It was found that the viscosity of the retentate-based milk dessert was 10-20 % lower than that of a similar product based on butter. In addition, the viscosity values for retentate-based pudding were 20- 30 % higher than for cream. Conclusions. It has been proved that the temperature of the packaging of dairy desserts, as one of the decisive technological factors, has an impact on the formation of the structure, and, as a result, on the quality of the fnished product. For example, to produce dairy desserts with a consistency typical of pudding or cream, it is necessary to pack at a temperature of at least 65°C. At the same time, the viscosity and ultimate shear stress for cream should be in the range of 55...75 Pa-s and 70...100 Pa, respectively, for pudding - 117...124 Pa-s and 90...110 Pa, respectively. Key words: dairy desserts, creams, puddings, combined composition of raw materials, temperature conditions, packaging, structure, rheological indicators, quality.

Mechanoregulation of MSC spheroid immunomodulation.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are widely used in cell-based therapies and tissue regeneration for their potent secretome, which promotes host cell recruitment and modulates inflammation. Compared to monodisperse cells, MSC spheroids exhibit improved viability and increased secretion of immunomodulatory cytokines. While mechanical stimulation of monodisperse cells can increase cytokine production, the influence of mechanical loading on MSC spheroids is unknown. Here, we evaluated the effect of controlled, uniaxial cyclic compression on the secretion of immunomodulatory cytokines by human MSC spheroids and tested the influence of load-induced gene expression on MSC mechanoresponsiveness. We exposed MSC spheroids, entrapped in alginate hydrogels, to three cyclic compressive regimes with varying stress (L) magnitudes (i.e., 5 and 10 kPa) and hold (H) durations (i.e., 30 and 250 s) L5H30, L10H30, and L10H250. We observed changes in cytokine and chemokine expression dependent on the loading regime, where higher stress regimes tended to result in more exaggerated changes. However, only MSC spheroids exposed to L10H30 induced human THP-1 macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype compared to static conditions. Static and L10H30 loading facilitated a strong, interlinked F-actin arrangement, while L5H30 and L10H250 disrupted the structure of actin filaments. This was further examined when the actin cytoskeleton was disrupted via Y-27632. We observed downregulation of YAP-related genes, and the levels of secreted inflammatory cytokines were globally decreased. These findings emphasize the essential role of mechanosignaling in mediating the immunomodulatory potential of MSC spheroids.

A comparative finite element analysis of titanium, poly-ether-etherketone, and zirconia abutment on stress distribution around maxillary anterior implants

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of abutment material, alveolar bone density, and occlusal forces on stress distribution around maxillary anterior implants. Materials and Methods: An in-vitro study was conducted. The maxillary anterior implant was modeled using a three-dimensional finite element model in D2 and D3 bones with three different abutment materials: titanium, zirconia, and poly-ether-ether ketone (PEEK). Von Mises stress was evaluated after the application of vertical and oblique loads of 100 N, 175 N, and 250 N. Statistical analysis was done by Friedman-Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. The probability value <0.05 is considered a significant level. Results: Stress distribution around D3 bone was higher than D2 bone in all the abutment materials with greater values seen in oblique load than vertical load with insignificant difference ( P > 0.05). Statistically insignificant stress values were seen greater in PEEK than titanium or zirconia abutment ( P > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed between 100 N and 175 N of load ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: PEEK, zirconia, and titanium as abutment material in the anterior region showed similar properties. The stress on the bone was proportionately increased during the vertical and oblique loads suggesting the influence of mechanical load in crestal bone loss rather than the type of abutment material.

Importance of mechanical cues in regulating musculoskeletal circadian clock rhythmicity: Implications for articular cartilage.

The circadian clock, a collection of endogenous cellular oscillators with an approximate 24-h cycle, involves autoregulatory transcriptional/translational feedback loops to enable synchronization within the body. Circadian rhythmicity is controlled by a master clock situated in the hypothalamus; however, peripheral tissues are also under the control of autonomous clocks which are coordinated by the master clock to regulate physiological processes. Although light is the primary signal required to entrain the body to the external day, non-photic zeitgeber including exercise also entrains circadian rhythmicity. Cellular mechano-sensing is imperative for functionality of physiological systems including musculoskeletal tissues. Over the last decade, mechano-regulation of circadian rhythmicity in skeletal muscle, intervertebral disc, and bone has been demonstrated to impact tissue homeostasis. In contrast, few publications exist characterizing the influence of mechanical loading on the circadian rhythm in articular cartilage, a musculoskeletal tissue in which loading is imperative for function; importantly, a dysregulated cartilage clock contributes to development of osteoarthritis. Hence, this review summarizes the literature on mechano-regulation of circadian clocks in musculoskeletal tissues and infers on their collective importance in understanding the circadian clock and its synchronicity for articular cartilage mechanobiology.

Biaxial tensile testing system for measuring mechanical properties of both sides of biological tissues

The aortic wall exhibits a unique elastic behavior, periodically expanding in aortic diameter by approximately 10% during heartbeats. This elastic behavior of the aortic wall relies on the distinct yet interacting mechanical properties of its three layers: intima, media, and adventitia. Aortic aneurysms develop as a result of multifactorial remodeling influenced by mechanical vulnerability of the aortic wall. Therefore, investigating the mechanical response of the aneurysmal wall, in conjunction with changes in microstructural parameters on both the intimal and adventitial sides, may offer valuable insights into the mechanisms of aortic aneurysm development or rupture. This study aimed to develop a biaxial tensile testing system to measure the mechanical properties of both sides of the tissue to gain insights concerning the interactions in anisotropic layered tissue. The biaxial tensile test set-up consisted of four motors, four cameras, four load cells, and a toggle switch. Porcine ascending aortas were chosen as the test subject. Graphite particles with diameters of approximately 5–11 [μm] were randomly applied to both sides of the aorta. Strain measurements were obtained using the stereo digital-image correlation method. Because stretching a rectangular specimen with a thread inevitably concentrates and localizes stress, to reduce this effect the specimen's shape was investigated using finite element analysis.The finite element analysis showed that a cross-shaped specimen with diagonally cut edges would be suitable. Therefore, we prepared specimens with this novel shape. This test system showed that mechanical response of the aortic tissue was significantly different between the intimal and adventitial side in the high-strain range, due to the disruption of collagen fibers. The adventitia side exhibited a smaller elastic modulus than the intimal side, accompanied by disruption of collagen fibers in the adventitia, which were more pronounced in the longitudinal direction. In contrast, in the mid-strain range, the elastic modulus did not differ between the intimal and adventitial sides, irrespective of longitudinal or circumferential direction, and collagen fibers were not disrupted but elongated.A biaxial tensile test system, which measures the mechanical properties of both sides of biological tissues and the shape of the specimen for reducing the concentration of stress at the chuck region, was developed in this study. The biaxial tensile testing system developed here is useful for better understanding the influences of mechanical loads and tissue degeneration on anisotropic, layered biological tissues.

Investigation of cross-sensitivities of the potential drop method for structural health monitoring of civil structures

Abstract Currently, structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are not in widespread use for monitoring civil structures because of low defect sensitivity and high cross-sensitivities of most SHM techniques available. The potential drop method (PDM), commonly used in material testing, is a possible method for SHM of large metallic civil structures combining high defect sensitivity and high area monitoring capability. The current state of the art lacks experimental evidence of the applicability to large specimens under the demanding operating conditions of SHM. Here, we investigated the PDM as an SHM system experimentally by analyzing the cross-sensitivity to temperature changes and performed a temperature compensation. We present an optimized method for suppressing the unwanted influence of mechanical loads and increasing the defect sensitivity. The temperature influence was separated from the defect-induced impedance change and effectively suppressed by compensation. Thus, cross-sensitivity does not limit PDM in SHM for large metallic civil structures with temperature compensation. PDM is a promising technique for SHM which could facilitate the widespread use of SHM of conductive civil structures.

Innovation in lifetime prediction of rigid polyurethane foam through random vibration and comparison with conventional methods

As the filling material for the new nuclear fuel transport cask, the rigid polyurethane foam plays an important role in the safe transportation of the nuclear fuel assemblies, and therefore its reliability deserves special attention. Thermal analysis and long-term ageing test are commonly used to predict the service lifetime of rigid polyurethane foams, but they cannot fully consider the influences of mechanical loads like vibration, collision, and impact etc., which is not satisfactory for the transportation application. Herein, in addition to the conventional thermal analysis and long-term ageing methods, the random vibration testing was particularly conducted on the rigid polyurethane foam that has been used in the new nuclear fuel transport cask for the nuclear power plants in China, and its service lifetime was innovatively predicted by the intrinsic property of material, the resonance frequency. The result which can be easily obtained from the acceleration data through fast Fourier transform without additional test and treatment was in the same order of magnitude with that from the conventional methods, and is more rational and convenient, deserving recommended for the rigid polyurethane foams that are used in other applications involving mechanical loads.

ANALYSIS OF DETERMINATION METHODS OF STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES UNDER TEMPERATURE INFLUENCES

The scientific work is dedicated to the analysis of existing methods for calculating the total value of concrete deformation under the simultaneous influence of mechanical load and elevated temperatures. During the operation of buildings and structures, it has been proven that the influence of temperature loads, especially in combination with force loads, leads to a significant change in the operational qualities of both individual structural elements and buildings as a whole. The relationship between stress, deformation and temperature of materials should be clearly defined during research of the structures operation under the influence of high temperatures. A so-called “rheological approach” is used to account for these interrelated effects, and the related effects between stress and expansion behavior are taken into account by introducing load-induced thermal strain into the calculation. In the conducted analysis, the results of experimental studies of foreign scientists and normative values, given in EC2 and ENV-1992, were taken into account. It was established that the distribution of stresses and deformations in concrete structures cannot be correctly determined exclusively by applying the corresponding recommended Eurocode 2 curves. Values of deformations, corresponding to compressive concrete strength at specified temperatures, are given without transparent justification of the way of taking into account the related effects between stress and expansion of the material. Thus, the σ-ε curves of concrete in EC2 should be used only for the heating phase, however, they are not used for the cooling phase. As further ways of improvement, on the basis of the existing EC2 methodology, the development of the mathematical “stress-strain-temperature” relationship is proposed for the research of interrelated effects between stress and expansion of concrete. To account for the interrelated effects between stress and expansion in concrete subjected to simultaneous heating and loading, an equation is proposed to calculate the strain value, corresponding to the compressive strength. Keywords: stress-strain state, concrete, temperature, calculation, analysis.

Intra- and inter-subject variability of femoral growth plate stresses in typically developing children and children with cerebral palsy.

Little is known about the influence of mechanical loading on growth plate stresses and femoral growth. A multi-scale workflow based on musculoskeletal simulations and mechanobiological finite element (FE) analysis can be used to estimate growth plate loading and femoral growth trends. Personalizing the model in this workflow is time-consuming and therefore previous studies included small sample sizes (N < 4) or generic finite element models. The aim of this study was to develop a semi-automated toolbox to perform this workflow and to quantify intra-subject variability in growth plate stresses in 13 typically developing (TD) children and 12 children with cerebral palsy (CP). Additionally, we investigated the influence of the musculoskeletal model and the chosen material properties on the simulation results. Intra-subject variability in growth plate stresses was higher in cerebral palsy than in typically developing children. The highest osteogenic index (OI) was observed in the posterior region in 62% of the TD femurs while in children with CP the lateral region was the most common (50%). A representative reference osteogenic index distribution heatmap generated from data of 26 TD children's femurs showed a ring shape with low values in the center region and high values at the border of the growth plate. Our simulation results can be used as reference values for further investigations. Furthermore, the code of the developed GP-Tool ("Growth Prediction-Tool") is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/WilliKoller/GP-Tool) to enable peers to conduct mechanobiological growth studies with larger sample sizes to improve our understanding of femoral growth and to support clinical decision making in the near future.

PENETRATION OF CHLORIDES INTO CONCRETE: ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES

Reinforced concrete structures are exposed to an aggressive environment. In this case, combined mechanical and environmental impacts can act simultaneously, and their synergistic effects should be taken into account. This article presents and analyzes the test results on two different types of concrete and mortar. The capillary absorption of carbonized and non-carbonized concrete was determined. The influence of mechanical load on capillary suction has been studied. Moderate compressive load reduces the capillary suction coefficient, while capillary suction is enhanced by higher mechanical loads as microcracks form. The diffusion of chlorides was evaluated using a diffusion cell test. The diffusion coefficient in carbonized concrete is an order of magnitude higher than in non-carbonized concrete.

Verification, validation, and parameter study of a computational model for corrosion pit growth adopting the level-set method. Part II: Stress corrosion

Structural components in corrosive environments such as pipelines, bridges, aircrafts, and turbines are imposed to stress corrosion. A stress corrosion model for pit growth should a) accurately consider the electrochemistry of the corrosion process, b) properly deal with the moving interface between solid and electrolyte, and c) effectively incorporates the synergism between corrosion and mechanical field at the interface. In Part II, the influence of mechanical loading is added to the approach described in Part I. Part II investigates the model’s capabilities of simulating stress corrosion via a set of numerical examples of corrosion pitting which include experimental validation and uncertainty quantification of model parameters and properties.

Durability of Concrete under Combined Impact Environment and Mechanical Load: Analysis of Experimental Studies

Today, there are several methods for predicting the durability of reinforced concrete structures. In most cases, one of the dominant destruction processes is taken into account – either carbonization or chloride penetration. Experimental results and field observations show that this is an unrealistic approach. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for determining the durability of concrete under combined impacts, i. e. with the penetration of chlorides into it and mechanical load. The paper describes in detail an experimental method for studying the effect of mechanical load on the penetration of chlorides into the pore space of cement-based materials. A test method is presented that makes it possible to determine realistic diffusion coefficients of chloride ions in concrete under compressive or tensile stress. As a result of the experiments carried out, it has been determined that the combination of mechanical loads and environmental influences can be much more significant than just environmental influence without the influence of mechanical loading. In fact, the service life of reinforced concrete structures depends on many possible combinations of mechanical loads and environmental influences, including freeze-thaw cycles. Thus, cracks formed during freeze-thaw cycling should be taken into account in tests of combined environmental and mechanical stress in order to better understand and systematically describe the effect of such exposure on the durability of concrete. For reliable prediction of the service life of reinforced concrete structures, it is also necessary to take into account the influence of the applied cyclic stress.

Performances of resonant frequency tracking methods and compensation strategies for rotary ultrasonic machining device with contactless energy transfer

As the core component of rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) device, the ultrasonic transducer is subjected to mechanical loads during processing, leading to variations in its equivalent electrical parameters. For RUM device with contactless energy transfer (CET) system, this phenomenon can cause the mismatch between the compensation parameters and the transient electrical parameters of the transducer, which will further degrade the resonant frequency tracking (RFT) accuracy and the output performance. In this study, bilateral compensation parameters and coil turns of the CET were first calculated for no-load RUM device to gain optimal transfer efficiency and achieve tuning matching and impedance matching. After that, the drift of the transducer electrical parameters under load conditions was quantified by loading experiments. Based on electrical model, the influences of mechanical loads on the impedance characteristics of RUM equipment were revealed. For the four compensation topologies, different RFT methods were employed according to the above analysis. Finally, theoretical analyses and verification experiments were conducted to investigate the performances of various driving configurations for the transducer considering the load effects. The results demonstrate that inappropriate selection of RFT method and compensation strategy can introduce considerable error between the tracking frequency and the resonant frequency of the transducer, causing poor output performance of RUM device. The Series-Series (SS) topology combined with the phase-locked method can gain stable transfer efficiency and high power factor with excellent RFT accuracy. Furthermore, this configuration has load adaptive capability, meaning that the power obtained by the transducer increases as the load increases, which is beneficial to suppress the output amplitude decay during machining. The conclusions presented in this research can provide references for the design of RUM device.