Influence Of Land Use Change Research Articles

Parameters Cp and Ct in Snyder Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Due to Land Use Changes in Napel Sub-watershed, Bengawan Watershed

The parameters Cp and Ct depend on the characteristics and slope of the watershed. Watershed characteristics include types of land use that are always dynamic over time. The slope of the watershed affects the smoothness and velocity of runoff flow. The development of an area will cause changes in land use which tend to become more impermeable, of course also affecting the smoothness and speed of runoff flow. This of course results in changes in Cp and Ct in a watershed. Changes in land use in the Napel watershed within 7 years starting from 2015 to 2021 have decreased in areas of jungle forest and other water catchment areas. This research was conducted to determine the influence of land use change on peak discharge and Cp and Ct parameters. The method used is the Snyder Synthetic Unit Hydrograph, which has been tested for suitability against the Measured Unit Hydrograph with validation results included in the very strong correlation category. The Ct value used in 2015 was 1.65 and in 2021 it was 0.78 while the Cp value used in 2015 was 1.4 and in 2021 it was 1.1. The results of the analysis using the Snyder method produced a discharge of 417.882 m3/s in 2015 and 619.52 m3/s in 2021. The resulting discharge shows a significant increase.

Quantifying the availability of seasonal surface water and identifying the drivers of change within tropical forests in Cambodia.

Surface freshwater is a vital resource that is declining globally, predominantly due to climate and land use changes. Cambodia is no exception and the loss threatens many species, such as the giant ibis a Critically Endangered waterbird. We aimed to quantify the spatial and temporal (2000-2020) change of surface water availability across northern and eastern Cambodia and to assess the impact of this on the giant ibis. We used a Random Forest Classifier to determine the changes and we tested the impact of land use and geographical covariates using spatially explicit regression models. We found an overall reduction of surface water availability of 4.16%. This was predominantly driven by the presence of Economic Land Concessions and roads which increased the probability of extreme drying and flooding events. The presence of protected areas reduced these probabilities. We found changes in precipitation patterns over the wider landscape did not correlate with changes in surface water availability, supporting the overriding influence of land use change. 98% of giant ibis nests recorded during the time period were found within 25m of surface water during the dry season, highlighting their dependency on surface water. The overall surface water decline resulted in a 25% reduction in dry season suitable habitat for the giant ibis. Although absolute changes in surface water over the whole area were relatively small, the impact on the highest quality habitat for ibis is disproportionate and therefore threatens its populations. Defining the threats to such an endangered species is crucial for effective management.

Mudanças de uso da terra e emissão de gases de efeito estufa: uma explanação sobre os principais drivers de emissão

Abstract Global warming is attributed to the increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Land use changes significantly impact on GHG emissions, accounting for approximately 44% of the country’s emissions in 2019. This review addresses the main pathways of GHG formation in the soil, focusing on the influence of land use changes on GHG emissions. It is found that soil CO2 emissions are related to root respiration, microorganisms, and organic matter (OM) decomposition in the soil. Changes in land use can alter soil characteristics, favoring increased CO2 emissions. Soil CH4 emissions occur under anaerobic conditions by methanogenic microorganisms; however, land use changes, such as forest conversion to pasture, can increase CH4 emissions due to a higher concentration of methanogenic microorganisms in the soil. On the other hand, N2O is produced in the soil during nitrification and denitrification processes by microorganisms, and nitrogen fertilization in agricultural areas can increase N2O emissions, especially when associated with soil moisture and the availability of organic carbon. It is important to understand the dynamics of GHG formation and emissions resulting from land use changes because efficient management strategies can reduce these emissions and contribute to Brazil’s goals for GHG reduction as established in international agreements.

Impact of land use change on regional carbon sink capacity: Evidence from Sanmenxia, China

Regional carbon sink fluctuations are largely influenced by land use. To enhance regional carbon sink and inform sustainable land management practices, it is critical to elucidate the influence of land use changes on carbon sink dynamics. Employing historical data on carbon sink in Sanmenxia region, this study analyzed alterations in land use and carbon sink between 2000 and 2020. The Future Land Use Simulation (FLUS) model was used to predict the impacts of land use type changes on regional carbon sink under three development scenarios (urban priority, cultivated land priority, and ecological priority).The result shows that:(1) From 2000 to 2020, cultivated land (with an increase of 3.26%) and construction land (with an increase of 22.85%) showed the most significant changes, with the main source of increase being grassland, while other land types showed little change. The southern part of the study area was mainly forest land and grassland, with higher carbon sink value than the northern part. (2) The simulation study of the three scenarios found that the development scenarios of ecological priority and cultivated land priority would be conducive to improving regional carbon sink value by 2040. Specifically, regional cropland, forest, and grassland were preserved due to the ecological red line and the restriction of basic farmland. This would increase the carbon sink value of the study area by 145 thousand tons and 171 thousand tons, respectively, compared with 2020. (3) The prediction results of the three development scenarios all showed that the carbon sink of the study area would decline first and then increase from 2020 to 2040. The carbon sink of the urban priority scenario would reach the lowest value in 2030, and the other development scenarios would reach the lowest value around 2028, and then increase significantly.

Impact of Ecological Restoration Project on Water Conservation Function of Qilian Mountains Based on InVEST Model—A Case Study of the Upper Reaches of Shiyang River Basin

Scientifically evaluating the influence of ecological restoration projects on the water conservation function (WCF) of regional ecosystems is the foundation for formulating regional ecological restoration policies and optimizing and adjusting ecological restoration projects. In this paper, we considered fully the runoff generation and confluence process in the Qilian Mountains with the actual situation of the basin and re-rated the parameter Z to improve the simulation accuracy of InVEST model. On this basis, the impact of ecological restoration project on the WCF in the upper reaches of Shiyang River Basin (SRB) in the eastern part of Qilian Mountains was quantified. The results showed that, on the whole, the water conservation depth (WCD) of forest land was the largest (138.5 mm) and that of cultivated land was the smallest (24.78 mm), while the water conservation coefficient of forest land was also the largest (93.36%) and that of unused land was the smallest (16.67%). From 1986 to 2018, the WCD showed an increasing trend in the upper reaches of SRB, among them, the WCD in the western tributaries increased faster than that in the eastern tributaries from 1986 to 2000. The significantly increased areas were mainly distributed in the middle reaches of the western tributaries and the river source areas of the eastern tributaries, while the significantly decreased areas were mainly distributed in the river source areas of the western tributaries and the cultivated land expansion area in the middle reaches of the eastern tributaries. From 2000 to 2018, the WCD of the eastern tributaries increased more than that of the western tributaries. The significantly increased areas were mainly distributed in the four eastern tributaries, and the significantly decreased areas were scattered in the middle and lower reaches of each tributary. From 1986 to 2000, the overall influence of land use change on the increase in WCD was negative, while the influence of climate and land use change on the increase in water conservation were both positive from 2000 to 2018. The influence of land use change on WCD was different in different tributaries. Among them, that of the western tributaries (except the Dongda River) was positive in two different periods, while that of the eastern tributaries (except the Xiying River) was changed from negative to positive. The implementation of ecological restoration project was one of the main reasons for the improvement of WCF in Qilian Mountains from 2000 to 2018, with a contribution of 9.04%. In the future, the protection and restoration of decreased areas of WCF should be strengthened, and the Z value determined in this paper is expected to be applied in the arid inland river basins of northwest China.

Characterization of water quality and the effects of land use and seasonality on springs in eastern Amazonia

Land-use changes followed by inadequate management may cause serious impacts to springs, generating losses in quality and availability. An alternative to minimize or mitigate potential future impacts is to monitor the water quality parameters of micro-watersheds in the medium- and long-term. This monitoring is essential for planning purposes and governmental environmental regulation, especially in highly altered regions in the Amazon, such as Paragominas, in the state of Pará. This study investigated the influence of land use change and seasonality on the quality of springs. For this purpose, physicochemical parameters characteristic of water quality in five collection points of springs with a surrounding area of distinct land use history were analyzed between 2015 and 2017. Following the current legislation, the only parameter in imbalance was dissolved oxygen (DO). However, these are common values, considering springs. The results showed that most of the parameters presented variation to different land uses. This interpretation was intensified mainly by the variations in Sodium, TN, DO and temperature. However, few of these variables were related to local seasonality (only turbidity, sulfate and potassium). These results prove that it is possible to integrate the change in the use and occupation of the basin, determined by the variations observed in the sampled points. Thus, studies and diagnostics that can subsidize management in basin areas are an important tool to direct public policies to improve environmental and social quality for the population living around these basins.
 Keywords: Amazon, land use change, springs, water quality.

Evaluating the effects of reservoir outflow and land-use change on the Zarrineh River basin

ABSTRACT The rapid decline of Lake Urmia in northwest Iran, caused by both human and natural factors, motivated our utilization of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The objective was to identify the most effective reservoir outflow simulation scheme and assess the influence of land use changes in the Zarrineh River basin on Lake Urmia. The target release approach for controlled reservoirs and the measured outflow schemes were evaluated. Despite improved calibration results in the latter method, the former demonstrated superior performance during the validation phase. Three land use scenarios – a model with the 2001 land use map, a model with the 2008 land use map, and a model with a gradually updating land use map – were considered. The gradually updating land use scenario exhibited a significant enhancement in validation results; it showed a 250% increase in water yield, while evapotranspiration declined by 3%.

Quantifying the influence of climate, host and change in land-use patterns on occurrence of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) and development of spatial risk map for India

Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), is an emerging zoonosis globally and in India. The present study focused on identifying the risk factors for occurrence of CCHF in the Indian state of Gujarat and development of risk map for India. The past CCHF outbreaks in India were collated for the analyses. Influence of land use change and climatic factors in determining the occurrence of CCHF in Gujarat was assessed using Bayesian spatial models. Change in maximum temperature in affected districts was analysed to identify the significant change points over 110 years. Risk map was developed for Gujarat using Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) model with remotely sensed environmental variables and host (livestock and human) factors. We found the change in land use patterns and maximum temperature in affected districts to be contributing to the occurrence of CCHF in Gujarat. Spatial risk map developed using CCHF occurrence data for Gujarat identified density of buffalo, minimum land surface temperature and elevation as risk determinants. Further, spatial risk map for the occurrence of CCHF in India was developed using selected variables. Overall, we found that combination of factors such as change in land-use patterns, maximum temperature, buffalo density, day time minimum land surface temperature and elevation led to the emergence and further spread of the disease in India. Mitigation measures for CCHF in India could be designed considering disease epidemiology and initiation of surveillance strategies based on the risk map developed in this study.

Effects of land cover and habitat condition on the bird community along a gradient of agricultural development within an arid watershed of Chile

Agricultural activities are a major cause of change in avifauna, frequently resulting in diminished diversity and biotic homogenization, and ultimately compromising ecosystem functioning and resilience. Arid ecosystems, which provide habitat for numerous native and endemic bird species, are vulnerable to global change and valuable in predicting future ecosystem shifts in regions undergoing aridification as a result of climate change. However, the impacts of agriculture on bird communities in arid ecosystems are understudied. Here, we evaluate these impacts in the arid Limarí watershed in north-central Chile, a region that has experienced extensive land use conversion to agriculture over the past 50 years. Specifically, we investigated current spatial patterns of avian beta diversity and the impact of landscape context on this diversity facet. Moreover, we evaluated how bird species respond to land cover and habitat conditions and the role of specific bird traits in this regard. To achieve this, we evaluated taxonomic and functional beta diversity across 26 sites distributed along a gradient of agricultural development, applied a beta diversity decomposition procedure, and carried out hierarchical joint species distribution modeling. Our study revealed high taxonomic but low functional beta diversity of the avifauna in the Limarí watershed, potentially indicative of past functional homogenization. Contrary to our initial expectations, present agricultural practices did not decrease beta diversity. While human-related landscape elements and agricultural features mostly had neutral or positive effects on bird occurrence, they negatively affected endemic species and certain bird traits related to diet and habitat. Riparian vegetation cover and quality, unrelated to agricultural and urban development, emerged as key factors structuring the regional bird community, and influenced beta diversity. Our results underscore the profound influence of land use change on the avian community in this arid region and the vital role of riparian ecosystems in this regard. Balancing conservation objectives with agricultural development is key to ensuring both the persistence of several functional groups in the region as well as the ecosystem services they provide.

The Application and Applicability of HEC-HMS Model in Flood Simulation under the Condition of River Basin Urbanization

With the acceleration of urbanization in a river basin, the changes in the underlying surface structure of the basin are more and more intense, which causes frequent floods. This article aims to analyze the applicability of the HEC-HMS model in flood simulation in urbanization basins and the influence of land use changes on catchment runoff. Pu River Basin is a typical urbanization basin and is taken as the research project. Based on land use changes, soil types, and long-term hydrological data in the Pu River Basin, the HEC-HMS hydrological model is constructed using GIS and HEC-geoHMS. Then, the relative error of flood peak and runoff, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient, and correlation are used to evaluate the model simulation rating. The results show that the HEC-HMS model is suitable for an urbanization basin, and its performance grade before urbanization is better than that after urbanization. Finally, sensitivity analysis of nine parameters on model performance shows that curve number, initial abstraction, imperviousness, and time lag are the main parameters. The research results will provide a reference for urbanization basins’ flood simulation and stormwater management.

The influence of land use change on transport of water and energy in ecosystem and climate change

The influence of land use change on transport of water and energy in ecosystem and climate change

Influence of land use changes on groundwater quality – Bafoussam, West Cameroon

Abstract The purpose of this work was to show that the change in land use impacts the quality of free groundwater and therefore the health of the population in the city of Bafoussam. Land use was dominated by housing (about 42%) followed by agricultural areas (33%) and green space. The socio-economic diagnosis by the guided survey showed that 62.5% of the population consumes CAMWATER water with malaria as the dominant water-related disease. The collection of water samples analysed by the colorimetric and photometric assay has allowed us to obtain a dominant water facies of the chloride and sulphate–calcium–magnesium type. The mapping of areas potentially vulnerable to pollution by ArcGIS 10.8 software presents the low-lying areas, downstream of agricultural sites, close to industries and neighbourhoods with strong urban disorder as the most vulnerable to pollution and therefore retained as actors of diffuse groundwater pollution in the city of Bafoussam. Thus, the change in land use and the increase in agglomeration degrade the quality of groundwater in this city.

Spatial and Temporal Changes in Vegetation Cover in the Three North Protection Forest Project Area Supported by GEE Cloud Platform

The alterations in vegetation cover in the Three North Protection Forest Project area influence its ecological and environmental management. It helps to study soil erosion, environmental change, and ecosystem protection to provide basic data support. Based on the Google Earth Engine cloud platform, this paper selects MODIS 3Q1 data from 2000–2020 and uses the image element dichotomous model to estimate the fractional vegetation cover (FVC) of the Three North Protection Forest Project area, evaluates the stability and temporal and spatial variation of FVC, investigates the coupling relationship between the FVC and temperature and rainfall through evaluation indexes such as the slope of inter-annual variation and partial correlation coefficient, and then analyzes the influence of land use changes on the FVC. The results show that the fractional vegetation cover of the Three North Protection Forest Project area as a whole has increased significantly over the past 20 years, the medium and high vegetation coverage areas have reached 36.4%, the high vegetation FVC has increased from 20.66% in 2000 to 21.59% in 2020, and the vegetation activity is increasing. The vegetation cover is significantly affected by the topographic effect, with the vegetation cover improving relatively well at slopes between 5–13° and elevations ranging from 2000–2500 m. The overall positive correlation between vegetation and temperature and vegetation and precipitation in the study area was 54.08% and 70.04%, respectively, and precipitation was the key factor influencing vegetation growth in the research region. Human activities have a stronger effect on vegetation construction than destruction, and this study contributes to the evaluation of the benefits of the Three North Protection Forest Project and the understanding of human influence on environmental change.

Strategy for Optimizing Land Capacity in Groundwater Supply in Balikpapan City

The growth of Balikpapan City can be seen from the rapid development. The influence of land use change and reduced water catchment areas is one of the problems that occurs in Balikpapan City. It is known that the area of forest land use in 2014 was 22,856.95 ha, while in 2018 the area of forest land use decreased to 18,418.76 ha. This study aims to analyze the level of land capability groundwater supply and determine strategies for optimizing groundwater supply land capabilities in Balikpapan City. Based on the results, ability of land in providing groundwater in Balikpapan City is divided into 4 classifications. The strategy of optimizing land capabilities providing groundwater in Balikpapan Utara is the application infiltration wells to improve groundwater conditions and maintain the stability of high groundwater levels. In Balikpapan Selatan, Balikpapan Tengah and Balikpapan Kota, additional infiltration capabilities are carried out such as the creation of Biopori Infiltration Holes (LRB) and Biopori Infiltration Channels (SPB), in Balikpapan Timur strategies are environmental pollution control and groundwater quality management, while in Balikpapan Barat, the strategies is maintain land capabilities maintaining the quality of water and controlling the conversion forest functions into built-up land.

Cypermethrin insecticide residue, water quality and phytoplankton diversity in the lychee plantation catchment area

<abstract> <p>Lychee plantation areas are typically located at varying elevations on mountains to ensure proper drainage. This placement has direct effects on stream and river water flows and consequently influences pesticide residue, water quality and aquatic biodiversity. This research aims to examine the relationships between cypermethrin residue, water quality and phytoplankton diversity in the lychee plantation catchment area in Phayao Province, Thailand, from January to May 2022. The study area was divided into six sampling sites. Water samples were collected for the investigation of cypermethrin residual, physicochemical and biological water quality parameters. The water quality index was used as an overall measurement of water quality. The study also examined the diversity of phytoplankton species and the relationship among cypermethrin residue, water quality and phytoplankton diversity were studied using canonical correspondence analysis. The findings revealed an increasing trend of cypermethrin residue, with the maximum concentration reaching 29.43 mg/L in March. The trend of decreasing water quality scores from Station S1 to Station S5 indicated the influence of land use changes and human activities, especially in the community area (S5), which was characterized by deterioration of water quality. A total of 174 phytoplankton species were categorized into 5 divisions, with Chlorophyta accounting for 61.49% of the total, followed by Bacillariophyta (28.16%) and Cyanophyta (6.32%). The highest Shannon's diversity index and evenness were observed at Stations S3 and S4, respectively. The canonical correspondence analysis revealed an interesting relationship among cypermethrin residue, ammonia nitrogen, chlorophyll a and three algal species: <italic>Pediastrum simplex</italic> var. <italic>echinulatum</italic>, <italic>Pediastrum duplex</italic> var. <italic>duplex</italic> and <italic>Scenedesmus acutus</italic> at Station S3. This research implies that pesticide residue and water quality have a direct impact on phytoplankton distribution, illustrating the environmental challenges that occur in various geographical areas. This information can be applied to assist in the development of future sustainable land use management initiatives.</p> </abstract>

Effect of land use change on climate elasticity of water quality at multiple spatial scales

Abstract Investigating the influence of land use change on climate elasticity of water quality (CEWQ) at multiple spatial scales is very critical for sustainable water management policies. The current research work investigated land use change–water–climate nexus through the lens of 32 water quality monitoring sites located at major rivers of Pakistan. The novelty of the current research work is the assessment of the instability consequences of precipitation and temperature CEWQ indicators owing to land use dynamics (2001–2019) at both sub-watershed and buffer scales. Precipitation elasticity values are lower and spatially homogeneous in comparison with temperature elasticity. Majority CEWQ-land use correlation coefficients have not shown any temporal trend with land use change except a few CEWQ indicators, namely pH, CO3, F, Ca, SiO2, silt, and clay. Temperature CEWQ developed many linear models with land use in comparison with precipitation CEWQ. A small number of land use classes cause instability consequences at the buffer scale in comparison with the sub-watershed scale. Savanna, shrublands, and ice and snow decline instability consequences of CEWQ indicators at both spatial scales. The identified land use classes that bring stability in CEWQ indicators are recommended to be incorporated in watershed management policies to bring sustainability in the aquatic environment.

The Impact of Depopulation on Reduction of the Peaks of Torrential Floods in Selected Watersheds of the Southeastern Serbia

The processes of emigration, depopulation and deagrarization in hilly-mountainous border areas in Serbia have intensified in last several decades. These processes have resulted in land use changes which means that anthropogenic impact on environment has diminished so the agriculture areas have decreased and have made room to the other land use types. These changes should entail lower soil erosion, slower generation of surface runoff during rainfall episode as well as reduction of the peak discharges and destructiveness of a torrential flood event. In this paper, we quantified the influence of land use changes on surface runoff indicators for 15 watersheds in the Southeastern Serbia. The greatest reduction of the curve number (CNR) happened in the Toplodolska watershed (2.34), then the Korbevačka (1.98) and the Dojkinačka (1.60) watersheds. The decrease of maximal discharge of 100-year return period is presented on example of a small watershed of the Ravna reka and it equals to 11%. It is expected that noticed land use changes will have the same trend, meaning that CN numbers will continue decreasing. Alongside these spontaneous positive anthropogenic impact on lowering the peaks of torrential floods, there should be a set of other preventive measures implemented.

THE IMPACT OF DEPOPULATION ON REDUCTION OF THE PEAKS OF TORRENTIAL FLOODS IN SELECTED WATERSHEDS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN SERBIA

The processes of emigration, depopulation and deagrarization in hilly-mountainous border areas in Serbia have intensified in last several decades. These processes have resulted in land use changes which means that anthropogenic impact on environment has diminished so the agriculture areas have decreased and have made room to the other land use types. These changes should entail lower soil erosion, slower generation of surface runoff during rainfall episode as well as reduction of the peak discharges and destructiveness of a torrential flood event. In this paper, we quantified the influence of land use changes on surface runoff indicators for several watersheds in the Southeastern Serbia. The greatest reduction of the curve number (CNR) happened in the Toplodolska watershed (2.34), then the Korbevačka (1.98) and the Dojkinačka (1.60) watersheds. The decrease of maximal discharge of 100-year return period is presented on example of a small watershed of the Ravna reka and it equals to 11%. Alongside these spontaneous positive anthropogenic impact on lowering the peaks of torrential floods, there should be a set of other preventive measures implemented.

Response of soil phosphorus fractions to land use change in the subalpine ecosystems of Southeast margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Southwest China

Land use change has a significant effect on soil nutrient cycling. However, data on soil phosphorus (P) fractions following land use change are scarce, especially in the subalpine ecosystem of China. Here, we investigated the influence of land use change on soil P fractions in the subalpine ecosystem of the Southeast margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Southwest China. In total, we took 168 soil samples from four land use types, including natural forest (NF), artificial forest (AF), farmland (FL), and shrubland (SL), at a depth of 0–20 and 20–40 cm. Phosphorus fractions were determined using Hedley fractionation procedures. The results showed that land use change and soil depths had a significant impact on the status of P fractions (p≤0.05). Organic P (Po) fraction significantly decreased following land use change but varied among land use types. Farmland soils showed the highest losses of Po fractions ranging from 23 to 54%, due to organic material reduction. Total P also decreased by 9.63% after the conversion of NF to AF (p≤0.05). Conversely, total P and inorganic P (Pi) fractions were significantly higher in FL soil than in other land uses (p≤0.05), likely due to the application of chemical fertilizers. Organic P extracted by NaOH was the dominant total Po fraction in all land uses, accounting for 63.3 to 73.14% of total Po, while Pi extracted by HCl was the dominant Pi fraction in FL soil, accounting for 42.74% of total P. Soil moisture content, pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (total N), and calcium were key soil properties governing soil P fractions. Organic P fractions were strongly positively correlated with SOC and total N, implying that soil organic matter (SOM) plays a vital role in maintaining the soil P reserves. Generally, our findings shed light on how land use changes significantly affected P fractions. This result may have substantial implications for soil P management to maintain soil P reserves by reducing SOM losses.

Influence of Land Use Changes on the Longaví Catchment Hydrology in South-Center Chile

During recent decades, the South-Central part of Chile has shown strong vulnerability due to the effects of land use change (LUC). The interaction of these changes with local hydrology has not been adequately investigated and is poorly understood, especially in mountainous areas under irrigated agriculture. We applied the SWAT + agrohydrological model to study the effects of LUC on hydrological fluxes in the Longaví catchment, Maule region, South-Central Chile. Land use maps (LUMs) from 1997, 2009, and 2016 were used in conjunction with a 41-year (1979–2019) hydro-meteorological series of daily observations as forcing data. The dominant changes in land use during the study period relate to agriculture, shrublands, forestry of exotic species, and urban sprawl. First, the LUM of 1997 was used for model setup, sensitivity analysis, calibration, and validation. Second, the impact of LUC documented through LUMs 2009 and 2016 was analyzed. Our analysis clearly reveals that the overall water balance and internal moisture redistribution in the Longaví catchment have been considerably affected by decreases in precipitation, changes in land use and water use practices. Unless a comprehensive regulatory system is introduced that addresses current climatic conditions and territorial use, it is likely that the decrease in water resources will persist and worsen through climate changes.