Influence Of Initial pH Research Articles

N- and Ti3+-codoped TiO2 nanotube-modified SnO2-Sb electrode for the effective degradation of caprolactam wastewater

This study prepared the N- and Ti3+-codoped TiO2 nanotube-modified(TiON) SnO2-Sb electrode. The analysis of the surface topography, structure characteristics, chemical state, electrochemical characteristics of the interlayer and active layers reveals that the doped TiO2 nanotubes arrays exhibit superior electrical conductivity and a higher surface area, which facilitates the binding of enhanced antimony tin oxide(ATO) coating. Compared with TM/ATO electrode without TiON interlayer, stability and catalytic performance of the TM/TiON/ATO electrode were substantially enhanced, which improved by 32 % and nearly 10 times. Simultaneously, influence of initial pH and current density on the degradation effectiveness and electrical energy consumption were studied, and the failure mechanisms analysis of the electrode was analyzed. Research has demonstrated that TM/TiON/ATO exhibits both stability and efficiency, rendering it a highly favorable material for the anode.

Co3O4 decoration on iron-contained biochar composite fabricated by co-pyrolysis of red mud and spent coffee ground: A synergistic hybrid for Rhodamine B degradation via peroxymonosulfate activation

In this study, a composite was prepared by co-pyrolysis of red mud (RM) and spent coffee grounds (SCG). Then, cobalt was incorporated in the as-prepared RM/biochar composite (RMBC) and employed as the heterogeneous activator of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation. A temperature-programmed reaction and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements disclosed that the hematite (Fe2O3) phase in RM experienced a step-wise reduction to magnetite (Fe3O4) and Fe0 with increasing temperature during the co-pyrolysis of RM and SCG. The RMBC exhibited low performance for PMS activation to degrade RhB. However, incorporating 1.5 wt% Co can drastically improve the catalytic performance. The influence of initial pH, catalyst dosage, initial RhB concentrations, and temperature on the degradation efficiency was investigated. The quenching experiments combined with electron paramagnetic resonance analysis proved that the ·OH and SO•−4radicals, and 1O2 no-radical were the main reactive species for RhB degradation in the Co3O4/RMBC/PMS system.

Synthesis, characterization and removal performance of Cr (Ⅵ) by orange peel-based activated porous biochar from water

A novel high-active porous activated biochar (KC) has been successfully prepared through a two-step chemical activation method with KOH by using orange peel as raw materials. The KC demonstrates several remarkable advantages for Cr (VI) removal from water, including large specific surface area of 1998 m2/g, well-developed porous microstructure, rich oxygen-containing functional groups and abundant surface-active sites. With these merits, the KC exhibits an outstanding experimental absorption capacity of Cr (VI) of 285.5 mg g−1 for 2400 mins at pH 2.0. The influences of initial pH, contact time, concentration and temperature on the remediation are investigated. The adsorption behavior fit well to Elovich model, suggesting a chemical adoption process. The Langmuir model fits better than the Freundlich model in simulating the adsorption isotherm, which implies a monolayer adsorption reaction through chemical adsorption. Mechanism studies demonstrate that chemical adoption, reduction, ion exchange and complexation with the assistance of oxygen-containing functional groups and porosity are involved in removal process of Cr (VI). Our work offers a feasible approach to optimize microstructure of biochar with satisfactory adsorption performance.

Degradation behaviors and accumulative effects of coexisting chlorobenzene congeners on the dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene in soil by nanoscale zero-valent iron.

It is well known that many chlorinated organic pollutants can be dechlorinated by nanoscale zero-valent iron. However, in the real chlorinated organic compounds contaminated soil, the congeners of high- and low-chlorinated isomer often coexist and their dechlorination behaviors are poorly known, such as hexachlorobenzene (HCB). In this work, the degradation behaviors of three coexisting chlorobenzene congeners pentachlorobenzene (PeCB), 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,4,5-TeCB) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) and the influence of initial pH and reaction temperature on the dechlorination of HCB in HCB-contaminated soil by nanoscale zero-valent iron were studied. The amount and extent of accumulated coexisting chlorobenzenes was analyzed under different environmental conditions. The results indicate that nanoscale zero-valent iron can improve the degradation efficiency of highly toxic chlorinated benzenes and reduce the accumulative effects of highly toxic chlorinated benzenes on dechlorination of HCB. The accumulative effects of three coexisting chlorobenzene congeners on the dechlorination of HCB were ranked as follows: 1,2,4-TCB > 1,2,4,5-TeCB > PeCB.

Characterization of the Growth of Pseudomonas sp. strain DrY135 on Acrylamide

This study investigated the growth properties of a molybdenum-reducing bacteria previously isolated for its ability to break down amides. The bacterial growth range is 500–1000 mg/L, 6.5–8.0 pH, and 30–35 °C. The presence of hazardous heavy metals such as mercury, silver, and copper impeded this bacterium's development on acrylamide. The protracted lag phase seen when growing on acrylamide demonstrates the compound's severe growth inhibition. This bacterium has the potential to be an effective acrylamide bioremediation agent due to its greater tolerance for acrylamide than other acrylamide-degrading bacteria identified in the scientific literature. The influence of initial pH on bacterial growth at room temperature indicates that the optimal pH range lies between 6.5 and 8.0. The ideal temperature range for plant growth was between 30 and 35 oC. In a series of experiments utilizing a starting concentration of 1% (w/v) of various organic carbon sources, it was determined that glucose supported the most cellular growth on acrylamide, followed by sucrose, fructose, mannose, and citrate, in descending order of efficiency, whereas mannitol did not support growth. Doses of 300 and 500 mg/L of acrylamide stimulated the most rapid growth expansion, but concentrations of 1500 mg/L and above completely halted development. Copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and mercury (Hg) were investigated at a concentration of 2 ppm. Mercury hindered growth by 71 percent, copper by 72 percent, and cadmium by 52 percent, according to our findings. There was a linear association between the acrylamide content and the delay before this bacterium began to develop. A lag time of one to three days was found when the acrylamide content grew from 100 to 1,500 mg/L. As quantities of acrylamide increased, so did the maximal growth rate, indicating an overall pattern of increasing toxicity.

Sulfamethoxazole degradation via peroxydisulfate activation over WO3/MIL-100(Fe) under low power LED visible light

Series of WO3/MIL-100(Fe) (WxMy) composites were synthesized via the mild solvent evaporation method, which were used as a heterogeneous sulfate radical-advanced oxidation process (SR-AOP) catalyst for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation. The as-prepared W4M1 (0.25 g/L) demonstrated excellent SR-AOP catalysis activity with 100 % SMX (5 mg/L) degradation efficiency within 15 min under visible light. The influences of initial pH, peroxydisulfate (PDS) concentration, catalyst dosage, and inorganic anions as well as the degradation pathway were investigated. The effective transfer of the photo-generated electrons from WO3 to MIL-100(Fe) via Z-scheme mechanism contributed to the outstanding SR-AOP catalysis activity of W4M1, which were affirmed by both the active species capture experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments. Moreover, W4M1 displayed excellent stability and reusability throughout five runs’ cycling experiments. This work offered a new SR-AOP catalyst alteration to eliminate emerging pollutant under visible light, which might provide insight clue for catalyst design and fabrication.

Changes in the Composition of Digestate Liquid Fraction after Ozone and Ultrasonic Post-Treatment

There is a growing concern about environmental pollution with digestate, which is produced in significant amounts in the anaerobic digestion process. The inappropriate application of digestate in agriculture may lead to ammonia emission to the atmosphere, nutrients infiltration to groundwater and surface waters eutrophication. There is a great interest in the development of efficient downstream technologies that will help better handle digestate. This study assessed the effect of three different disintegration methods (ozonation, ultrasonication, combination of ozonation and ultrasound) on solids content, nutrient concentration and biodegradability of the liquid fraction of sugar beet pulp digestate. The influence of initial pH (7, 8, 9), ozone dose (0.05–0.45 g O3/g TS), specific ultrasound energy (10,381–51,903 kJ/kg TS) and vibration amplitude (50, 100%) on the performance of digestate liquid fraction treatment was investigated. The highest removal efficiencies of organic substances, total and ammonia nitrogen averaging at 13.81, 20.04 and 28.70%, respectively, in separate ozonation and ultrasonication processes, was obtained at ozone dose of 0.25 g O3/g TS, specific energy of 41,522 kJ/kg TS and amplitude of 100%. The application of combined processes, first ultrasonication and then ozonation, resulted in an increase in the above-mentioned removal efficiencies to 58.16, 36.60 and 48.71%, respectively.

Insights into the radical and nonradical oxidation degradation of ciprofloxacin in peroxodisulfate activation by ultraviolet light

Ultraviolet light (UV light) was broadly utilized as persulfate activation source in advanced oxidation process to degrade contaminants in water due to its simple operation and environmental protection. In this paper, the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) was investigated with peroxodisulfate (PDS) as oxidant and UV light as PDS activation source (UV/PDS system). The influence of initial pH, PDS dosage, UV light power, different CIP concentrations and coexisting substances (inorganic anions and natural organic matter) on CIP degradation process were investigated. Under the specific reaction conditions ([pH]0 = 7, [PDS] = 15 mM, UV light power = 3 W, [CIP] = 10 mg L−1), the CIP degradation efficiency reached 94.00 % within 40 min. The quenching experiments demonstrated that 1O2, O2−∙, ∙OH and SO4−∙ were the main active species, especially O2−∙ was the most dominant active species. In addition, CIP degradation in other water qualities (tap water and landscape river water) was explored, metronidazole (MNZ) and tetracycline (TC) were applied as representative pollutants for effective degradation. The above results indicated that the UV/PDS system would be possible to effectively degrade other types of refractory pollutants and less affected by water quality.

Anti-biofouling multi-modified chitosan/polyvinylalcohol air-blown nanofibers for selective radionuclide capture in wastewater

Significant amounts of radioactive wastewater including uranium are discharged into the environment as a result of the expansion of large-scale nuclear power. Due to uranium's toxicity and bioaccumulation, it is crucial to develop efficient and long-lasting adsorbents with functional groups for improving the selective removal of U(VI). By successfully introducing amidoxime and phosphate groups into quaternary ammonium chitosan (QCS-AO/P, i.e., QAP), an antimicrobial composite nanofiber adsorbent (PQAP) composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the as-prepared QAP was synthesized via the solution blow spinning technology (SBS) technique for the highly efficient recovery of uranium from wastewater. The influence of initial pH, contact time, and sorbent composition on the uranyl ion absorption and the antibacterial assay was studied. The PQAP composite fiber mat had the highest adsorption capacity of uranyl ions at pH 8 (559.26 mg/g), and showed excellent antibacterial activities. After six adsorption–desorption cycles, PQAP still retained a high uranium adsorption capacity of 420 mg/g and elimination efficiency (84%). The novel integrated sorption and antibacterial strategy provides new insights for highly efficient treatment of radioactive wastewater.

Visible-light-driven impressive activation of persulfate by Bi5O7Br-modified ZnO for photodegradation of tetracycline: Facile synthesis, kinetic and mechanism study

In this work, a novel ZnO/Bi5O7Br photocatalyst was successfully prepared by the facile co-precipitate synthesis approach and used for photo-degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) under visible light. Various techniques (XRD, EDX, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, DRS, PL, EIS, BET) were used for the characterization of materials. The ZnO/Bi5O7Br (20 %) photocatalyst showed a remarkable photocatalytic capability to remove the TC among prepared binary nanocomposites. The influence of initial pH and catalyst dosage on TC photodegradation was assessed. The effect of prepared photocatalyst on persulfate (PS) activation in photocatalytic performance was also investigated, which the kinetic studies represent the ZnO/Bi5O7Br (20 %) + PS degradation rate is 17 and 6.43-folds as large as ZnO and ZnO/Bi5O7Br (20 %), respectively. The increased degradation efficiency of the ZnO/Bi5O7Br (20 %) + PS system can be attributed to the significant light absorption in the visible region, low recombination resulting from the constitution type II-heterojunction between ZnO and Bi5O7Br, and also sulfate radical’s production by PS. Therefore, using the ZnO/Bi5O7Br (20 %) + PS system, 98 % degradation of tetracycline was achieved in 60 min. Eventually, the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation based on band structure and active species was proposed.

Magnetic MgFe2O4/MIL-88A catalyst for photo-Fenton sulfamethoxazole decomposition under visible light

Series magnetic MgFe2O4/MIL-88A catalysts (MFxMy) were fabricated by a simple ball-milling method, which were applied to degrade sulfamethoxazole (SMX) antibiotic via photo-Fenton process under low power visible light. The influences of initial pH, H2O2 concentration, and co-existing inorganic anions on SMX degradation were explored. The results revealed that the optimal MgFe2O4/MIL-88A (MF140M60) demonstrated excellent photo-Fenton catalysis activity, in which ca. 99.8% of SMX could be degraded within 20.0 min. The outstanding catalytic activity of MgFe2O4/MIL-88A (MF140M60) can be ascribed to the effective transfer of charge carriers between MgFe2O4 and MIL-88A. As well, the optimal MgFe2O4/MIL-88A (MF140M60) catalyst possessed good stability and recyclability.

Statistical study of the influence of some variables on cobalt electrowinning

ABSTRACT A major concern in cobalt electrowinning is the generation of H2 along with cobalt deposition on the cathode, which results in current efficiency drop, specific energy consumption increase, as well as poor deposit quality. In this paper, the influence of initial pH, temperature, current density, and Co2+ ions concentration on current efficiency and specific energy consumption for cobalt electrowinning in a batch cell for 24-h electrolysis was investigated through a two-level factorial design. Preliminary analysis from cyclic voltammograms and current-time curves indicated a current efficiency of 86.2%, with 60 g/L of Co2+ at pH 4.0. The statistical study indicated that temperature presented the greatest significant contribution for the response variables. The best result was achieved with initial pH 4.0, 70°C 100 A/m2 and 60 g/L of Co2+, leading to a current efficiency of 78.8% and a specific energy consumption of 2.3 kWh/kg. As the pH drops considerably during the tests, its influence demands further studies.

Evaluation of bipolar membrane electrodialysis for desalination of simulated salicylic acid wastewater

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important chemical raw material, but its production process generates large amounts of phenol-containing hypersaline wastewater. Bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) technology was proposed to remove Na2SO4 from this wastewater and generate NaOH and H2SO4. The influences of initial pH in feed solution, current density, flow velocity, initial Na2SO4 concentration and volume ratio on the BMED process were investigated. These findings revealed that pH had no significant effect on the desalination rate, but affected the migration of organics including phenol and SA. When the input current density was 40 mA/cm2, flow velocity was 4.0 cm/s and the volume ratio was 2:1, the concentrations of H2SO4 and NaOH could reach the maximum at 0.97 mol/L and 1.56 mol/L respectively, with initial Na2SO4 concentration of 80 g/L and corresponding to a desalination rate of 96.3%. The current efficiency of acid was 55.2% and that of base was 50.2%, and energy consumption was 2.89 kWh/kg H2SO4 and 3.98 kWh/kg NaOH. These results confirmed BMED technology could treat simulated SA wastewater effectively and produce H2SO4 and NaOH. It provides a theoretical basis and guidance for the practical treatment of this type of wastewater.

Performance investigation of electrochemical assisted HClO/Fe2+ process for the treatment of landfill leachate.

The feasibility of removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) from landfill leachate by an electrochemical assisted HClO/Fe2+ process is demonstrated for the first time. The performance of active chlorine generation at the anode was evaluated in Na2SO4/NaCl media, and a higher amount of active chlorine was produced at greater chloride concentration and higher current density. The probe experiments confirmed the coexistence of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and Fe(IV)-oxo complex (FeIVO2+) in the HClO/Fe2+ system. The influence of initial pH, Fe2+ concentration, and applied current density on COD and NH4+-N abatement was elaborately investigated. The optimum pH was found to be 3.0, and the proper increase in Fe2+ dosage and current density resulted in higher COD removal due to the accelerated accumulation of •OH and FeIVO2+ in the bulk liquid phase, whereas, the NH4+-N oxidation was significantly affected by the applied current density because of the effective active chlorine generation at higher current but was nearly independent of Fe2+ concentration. The reaction mechanism of electrochemical assisted HClO/Fe2+ treatment of landfill leachate was finally proposed. The powerful •OH and FeIVO2+, in concomitance with active chlorine and M(•OH), were responsible for COD abatement, and active chlorine played a key role in NH4+-N oxidation. The proposed electrochemical assisted HClO/Fe2+ process is a promising alternative for the treatment of refractory landfill leachate.

Dramatic enhancement of mineralization capability for ozone/peroxymonosulfate process by single atom Co/CMK-3 catalyst

Single Co atoms dispersed on CMK-3 was synthesized and employed as efficient catalyst to degrade APAP in O3/PMS process. The results of morphology and structure characterization indicated that the as prepared catalyst possessed uniform array of mesoporous channel structure with a long-range. Co atoms were single atomic dispersed in CMK-3 skeleton with the form of CoN4 coordination. The BET surface area and average pore diameter of 3.6% SA Co/CMK-3 were measured as 956 m2/g and 3.6 nm, respectively. For APAP degradation by 3.6% SA Co/CMK-3 + PMS/O3 process, TOC removal efficiency reached to 60% and 78.9% in initial 1 min and 15 min, respectively. The influence of initial pH was investigated and demonstrated that APAP could be efficiently mineralized in a wide pH range. In addition, high mineralization rates were also achieved for other refractory organics (nitrobenzene and sulfamethoxazole). Radical quenching experiments and ESR indicated that SO4•− , •OH and 1O2 were all responsible for APAP degradation. DFT simulations elucidated that single Co atoms and N-heteroatoms on 3.6% SA Co/CMK-3 served as dual reaction sites for PMS and O3 decomposition, which enhanced the ROS generation and APAP mineralization.

Effective degradation of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid by visible LED driven photo-Fenton

This work explores the feasibility of visible LEDs (λ: 400–800 nm) used in photo-Fenton for the degradation of a 50 mg/L cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CHA) as model naphthenic acid present in process wastewater from the oil sands industry. The influence of initial pH, catalyst concentration and iron oxidation state, H2O2 dose and radiant flux were studied. In all trials, an initial lag phase in both the H2O2 decomposition and TOC evolution was observed. This seems to be related to the generation of a complex between CHA, hydrogen peroxide and iron (CHA-H2O2-Fe). This iron scavenging decreases the H2O2 decomposition rate, leading to a lagged mineralization kinetics. Nonetheless, process intensification using visible radiation (λmax: 460 nm) favors the CHA-H2O2-Fe photoactivation and breakdown when using an H2O2 concentration higher than 33% of the stoichiometric dose for complete CHA mineralization. Under the optimum conditions pH0 3, Φ: 280 W/m2, Fe2+:20 mg/L and H2O2: 144 mg/L, which corresponds to 60% of the stoichiometric amount, 75% of TOC removal was achieved.

Experimental study on optimization of initial pH for photo-fermentation bio-hydrogen under different enzymatic hydrolysis of chlorella vulgaris

In the paper, Use Chlorella as raw material, HAU-M1 Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) as hydrogen-producing bacteria, the influence of initial pH on bio-hydrogen by photosynthetic organisms from Chlorella vulgaris with diverse enzyme addition was studied. The results showed that when using cellulase as hydrolase, the optimum initial pH was 7.0 and highest bio-hydrogen was 25.99 mL/g dry cell weight. Using neutral protease as hydrolase, the optimum initial pH was 8.0 and highest bio-hydrogen was 16.47 mL/g dry cell weight. Using mixed enzyme of cellulase and protease as hydrolase, the optimal initial pH was 7.0 and highest bio-hydrogen was 27.43 mL/g dry cell weight. The bio-hydrogen from Chlorella after mixed enzymatic hydrolysis is better than that of single enzymatic hydrolysis, we think the mixed enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulase and protease was superior to the single enzymatic hydrolysis of the two enzymes, which provides a scientific reference and low-cost bio-hydrogen technology by microalgae.

Extraction of valuable metals from discarded AMOLED displays in smartphones using Bacillus foraminis as an alkali-tolerant strain.

With the alarming rate of e-waste generation, resource recovery from secondary metal sources is essential for sustainable resource utilization and to prevent the release of potentially toxic elements into the environment. In the current study, the first-time extraction of Ag, Mo, and Cu from active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) screens of discarded smartphones have been achieved using organic acids produced by Bacillus foraminis cultured on a modified Horikoshi medium. The influences of initial pH, inoculation size, and pulp density on the bioleaching process were evaluated over six-day experiment. Maximum extraction of Ag, Mo, and Cu (100, 56.8, and 41.4%) at optimal values of three investigated factors was obtained over a 12-day bioleaching experiment. A diverse assemblage of organic acid was produced in the optimized bioleaching condition, including tartaric (12.1mM), formic (49.8mM), acetic (21.5mM), lactic (78.5mM), citric (2.7mM), and propionic (69.6mM) acid. The contact angle analysis highlighted more hydrophobicity of powder after the bioleaching. FTIR and CHNO data also confirmed the role of bioleaching in the powder wettability alteration. The sequential extraction method revealed high mobility of In, Fe, Co, Cu, Cr, and Mo and low mobility of Ag. The results exhibited high tolerance of alkali-tolerant bacteria to potentially toxic elements and its superior performance in the bioleaching of discarded mobile screens at high pulp density.

Enhancement in reactivity via sulfidation of FeNi@BC for efficient removal of trichloroethylene: Insight mechanism and the role of reactive oxygen species

A novel catalyst of sulfidated iron-nickel supported on biochar (S-FeNi@BC) was synthesized to activate persulfate (PS) for the removal of trichloroethylene (TCE). A number of techniques including XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, BET and EDS were employed to characterize S-FeNi@BC. The influence of sulfur to iron ratio (S/F) on TCE removal was investigated by batch experiments and a higher TCE removal (98.4%) was achieved at 0.22/1 ratio of S/F in the PS/S-FeNi@BC oxidation system. A dominant role in iron species conversion was noticed by the addition of sulfur in FeNi@BC system. Significant enhancement in recycling of the dissolved and surface Fe(II) was confirmed which contributed to the generation of free and surface-bound active radical species (OH, O2−, 1O2, SO4−). Further, the presence and contribution of these radicals were validated by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and quenching study. In addition, XPS results demonstrated the dominant role of S(-II) with the increase of Fe(II) from 36.3% to 58.6% and decrease of Fe(III) from 52.1% to 39.8% in the PS/S-FeNi@BC system. In crux, the influence of initial pH, catalyst dosage, oxidant dosage, and inorganic ions (HCO3−, Cl−, NO3− and SO42−) on TCE removal was also investigated. The findings obtained from this study suggest that S-FeNi@BC is an appropriate catalyst to activate PS for TCE contaminated groundwater remediation.

Electrocoagulation for nitrate removal in groundwater of intensive agricultural region: a case study of Harran plain, Turkey

This study focuses on the mechanism of Nitrate (NO3−) removal from aqueous solutions by electrocoagulation (EC) using aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) electrodes and on the reduction of high nitrate levels in the groundwater of an arid/semi-arid region. Influence of initial pH, varying electrode material, inter-electrode distance, initial conductivity, and nitrate concentration over percentage removal of nitrate as well as energy consumption were all studied. The process was carried out by batch method at room temperature (25 °C). Tests were performed on a synthetic water sample prepared in the laboratory and ten samples collected from the Harran Plain region. According to the results of experimental studies, optimum experimental conditions were found to be with Al electrodes and initial pH = 6, run time = 210 min, current density = 2.31 A/m2, inter-electrode distance = 10 mm, and conductivity = 1000 µs/cm for removal of 80.1% nitrate (initial concentration = 250 mg/L). The energy consumption for experimental setup and real groundwater were 2.07 kWh/m3 and 1.925 kWh/m3, respectively. As the Al electrode distance was increased from 10 to 20 mm, the percentage of nitrate removal decreased from 80.1 to 62.3% because of the decrease in electrostatic attraction. It was found that Fe electrodes did not have a significant effect on nitrate removal (12.4%). The removal efficiency of Ugurlu groundwater that has the highest nitrate concentration was found to be 62.0% for Al electrode and 39.0% for Fe electrode. The Al-Al electrode combination used in the studies yielded better efficiency than the Fe–Fe electrode combination. It is thought that this method will also be applicable to regions with the same characteristics as the arid/semi-arid study region.