Influence Of Gender Research Articles

Influence of the Rater's Gender on Assessing Facial Beauty in Adult Patients With Vertical and Horizontal Growth Patterns.

Background The evaluation of attractiveness varies from one civilization, culture, and environment to another and between individuals. Gender can also play a role in determining the standards of attractiveness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the rater's gender on the assessment of adult facial attractiveness with a vertical and horizontal growth pattern in patients with skeletal Class I malocclusion. Methodology The study sample comprised extraoral photos taken before the treatment of 120 patients (30 males and 30 females in each group) with skeletal Class I malocclusion and vertical and horizontal growth patterns according to the Bjork sum aged between 18 and 25 years. A panel of 30 laypersons (aged 19-25 years with an average age of 23 ± 0.53 years), including raters from both genders, were selected equally using a disproportionate stratified sampling method through a computer-generated list. The raters used the visual analog scale (VAS) to provide a score for each photograph's aesthetic quality. The most attractive group, which received the greatest aesthetic score, and the least attractive group, which received the lowest aesthetic score, were the two groups formed based on each photograph's mean aesthetic scores. Overall, 13 patients were chosen for each group. Subsequently, the average assessment score for every patient photo set was determined. Independent-sample t-tests were employed to ascertain if the raters' gender made a statistically significant difference in assessing patients with vertical and horizontal growth patterns. Results There were statistically significant differences between the gender of raters in evaluating female patients with vertical growth patterns (p < 0.001), where the average rating of the female raters was significantly greater than that of the male raters in evaluating female patients. In addition, there were statistically significant differences between the gender of raters in evaluating female patients with horizontal growth patterns (p = 0.009), where the average rating of the male raters was significantly greater than that of the female raters in evaluating female patients. Conclusions There is a limited effect of the rater's gender in evaluating facial aesthetics. However, the facial features of female patients with long faces are preferred by females more than males, and males are more critical in evaluating these patients. On the other hand, males favor the facial features of female patients with short faces more than females, and females are more critical in evaluating these patients. These results suggest considering patients' personal characteristics with vertical and horizontal growth patterns during diagnosis and treatment planning.

The Influence of Gender and Intellectual Ability on Students Perception of Econmics Teachers Effectiveness in Higher Education

Researchers have argued that student’s rating of teachers’ effectiveness is not a valid measure because it is influenced by a host of factors. The purpose of the study was to determine whether students’ gender and intellectual ability significantly influenced their perceptions of teachers’ effectiveness in a university setting. The Cross-sectional survey research design was employed through the use of students’ rating of teacher effectiveness questionnaire to collect the data. A total of 485 students, sampled from four Public Universities in Ghana participated in the study. The data were processed using SPSS software, version 20 and analysed using independent sample t-test. The results suggest that gender and intellectual ability did not influence students’ perception of Economics teachers’ effectiveness. The results have implications for authorities of Higher Education Institutions including School Administrators, teachers, and policymakers, as they assure and further guide efforts to improve upon students rating of teacher effectiveness. The study recommends that future research should consider the influence of the classroom physical environment on students’ perception of teachers’ effectiveness.

Predictors of Patient-Initiated Discharge From an Inpatient Withdrawal Management Service: A Sex-Based Study.

The purpose of this study was to examine sex-stratified independent predictors of patient-initiated discharge from an inpatient withdrawal management service and to determine whether those predictors differed by sex. This study compared people who had self-initiated versus planned discharges and used sex-stratified generalized estimating equations models to identify independent predictors of patient-initiated discharge. Predictors examined included age, ethnicity, substance of concern, tobacco use, mental health comorbidities, day of discharge, referral source, children, and social assistance funds. Among females, there were 722 discharges, 116 of which were patient initiated. Among females, increasing age was associated with lower odds of patient-initiated discharge (OR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.95, 0.98]). Racialized females were nearly 2 times more likely to experience patient-initiated discharge compared with White females (OR = 1.8, 95% CI [1.09, 3.00]). Compared with weekdays, weekends were associated with over 4 times the odds of patient-initiated discharge (OR = 4.77, 95% CI [2.66, 8.56]). Having one or more mental health comorbidities was associated with lower odds of patient-initiated discharge compared with having no mental health comorbidities (OR = 0.51, 95% CI [0.32, 0.82]). Among males, there were 1,244 discharges, 185 of which were patient initiated. Among males, increasing age was associated with decreased odds of patient-initiated discharge (OR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.95, 0.98]). Compared with weekdays, weekends were associated with nearly 15 times the odds of patient-initiated discharge (OR = 14.9, 95% CI [9.11, 24.3]). Males and females have shared and unique predictors of patient-initiated discharge. Future studies should continue to examine the influence of sex and gender on engagement with addictions care.

A STUDY OF DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS IN HOSPITAL

Patients with chronic kidney disease experience decreased kidney function (as an organ of elimination) and receive various drugs, so they are susceptible to Drug Related Problems (DRP). This study aimed to identify the type of potential DRP and analyzed the influence of gender, age, number of drugs, co-morbidities and length of stay on the incidence of DRP in hospitalized chronic kidney disease patients. This study was a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection. The subjects of the study were chronic kidney disease patients who underwent hospitalization at a hospital in Surakarta at 2016-2021. The incidence of DRP was analyzed descriptively using the PCNE V9.1 algorithm, while the associations between risk factors and the incidence of DRP was analyzed statistically using the Fisher’s Exact Test. Data were obtained from 54 patients whose progress was followed up through medical record. The results showed that 36 patients (66.67%) had DRP while 18 patients (33.33%) did not. In the Problem category there were 22 events while in the Cause category there were 34 events. The results of statistical analysis using the Fisher's Exact Test showed that there were no significant associations between the risk factors (gender, age, number of drugs, number of co-morbidities, length of stay) and the incidence of DRP in hospitalized chronic kidney disease patients.

A Critical Thinking Profile Based on Sex Differences: A Case Study on High School Students in Palu City, Indonesia

This study aims to describe students' critical thinking in solving derivative problems in terms of gender. The subjects in this study were male students, S1 and female students, S2 who had high mathematical abilities. This type of research is a descriptiv research with a qualitative approach. The research instrument consists of the main instrument (researchers themselves) and supporting instruments including the provision of written assignments and interviews. The results of this study indicate that S1 and S2 in solving derivative problems according to the criteria for critical thinking starting from the indicators of focus, reason, inference, situation, clarity and overview. However, S1 and S2 have different thinking activities, S1 completed the task with a more concise completion in a more logical way of thinking, while S2 completed the task with a longer completion with his verbal abilities with precision. and careful thinking. This shows that even though S1 and S2 have equal mathematical abilities, there are differences in thinking activities in solving problems. These findings are supported by written answer data and interview results. This research provides important insights into the influence of gender on critical thinking in mathematics contexts, which can be used as a basis for developing more effective and inclusive teaching strategies.

Public Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Its Related Risk Factors in Western Region, Saudi Arabia.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Recognition of its symptoms affects the time-sensitive benefits of reperfusion therapy. Furthermore, lowering the risk factors can prevent long-term complications. To evaluate the public knowledge and perception of the symptoms and risk factors of ACS in the Saudi-Western region. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 733 among the general population in the western region of Saudi Arabia by using the Acute Coronary Syndrome Response Index, with additional questions about risk factors for heart attack and physical activities. The research information was acquired through a self-administered questionnaire without any identifying personal information. Participants demonstrated awareness of certain ACS symptoms and risk factors. Chest pain was widely recognized (49.2%, n = 361), followed by shortness of breath (44.8%, n = 329), arm pain or shoulder pain (38.6%, n = 283), palpitation (37.3%, n = 274), and fatigue (22.2%, n = 163). A total of 544 (74.2%) and 474 (64.6%) respondents were aware that smoking and obesity are the most common risk factors for ACS, respectively. However, gaps persisted, particularly regarding the association between diabetes mellitus and ACS, with 31.6% (n = 232) reporting diabetes mellitus. A total of 331 (45.2%) and 322 (43.9%) study sample were unsure whether they could identify ACS in themselves or other people. However, 391 (53.3%) decided that they should go to the hospital as soon as possible when they have chest pain that does not stop after 15 minutes. Notably, female participants demonstrated substantially higher knowledge (OR = 2.40, p = 0.001). The study highlights the influence of gender, age, and education on ACS-related awareness. This study provides valuable insights into ACS awareness in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Relatively older respondents, female participants, and those with postgraduate education were more knowledgeable about ACS than the others. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored interventions for specific demographic groups in enhancing public health outcomes.

The Role of Gender and Social Power in the Use of Advice-giving Strategies in Algerian Arabic

This study explores the influence of gender and social status on advice-giving strategies in Algerian Arabic. The study involved 50 native Algerian Arabic speakers (25 males and 25 females) who completed a Discourse Completion Task. This task, designed to measure the gender and social status variables, presented three types of advice-giving situations: high-to-low, low-to-high, and equal social power. Hinkel’s (1997) taxonomy was used to categorize advice-giving strategies as direct, hedged, or indirect. The study's key finding was that male and female Algerians tend to give direct advice, particularly imperatives, regardless of the advisee’s social status. This suggests that Algerians perceive advice-giving as a cooperative and supportive act that does not require mitigation or implication. Importantly, these findings have practical implications. They can help individuals and organizations avoid cross-cultural misunderstandings with Algerians. In cultures where advice-giving may be perceived as threatening one’s freedom of action, logical thinking ability, and world knowledge, Algerians may be misunderstood as impolite and overly assertive despite their well-intentioned advice.

Distribution and reference values of peripheral perfusion index in neonates from population-wide screening

BackgroundPeripheral perfusion index (PPI) is useful in a variety of neonatal settings. Currently, available reference values are from small numbers and highly variable.MethodsWe sought to generate reference values of PPI...

Biomechanical and biological factors of sexual dimorphism in anterior knee pain: Current concepts

Female gender is one of the commonly mentioned risk factors for anterior knee pain (AKP), among a spectrum of other factors including anatomical, biomechanical, hormonal, behavioral and psychological elements contributing to its development. Despite the focus on individual risk factors, there's a notable gap in comprehending how gender influences and interacts with other risk factors. The objective of this review was to identify and emphasize the connections between these interactions, gender-related risk factors for AKP, and the potential mechanisms that explain their associations with other risk factors, aiming to aid in the creation of precise prevention and treatment approaches. Gender influences the majority of risk factors for AKP, including anatomical, biomechanical, hormonal, behavioral and psychological factors. Women have on average smaller patellae, higher patellofemoral cartilage stress and for AKP, disadvantageous trochlear morphology, ligament and muscle composition and unfavorable neuromuscular control pattern. In contrast, men show on average an increased ability to strengthen their hip external rotators, which are both protective against AKP. Particularly in kinetic and kinematic analysis, men have been shown to have a distinctly different risk factor profile than women. Sex hormones may also play a role in the risk of AKP, with estrogen potentially influencing ligamentous laxity, increasing midfoot loading and affecting neuromuscular control of the lower extremities and testosterone positively affecting muscle mass and strength. The higher incidence of AKP in women is likely due to a combination of slightly increased risk factors. Although all risk factors can be present in both men and women and the holistic evaluation of each individual's risk factor composition is imperative regardless of gender, knowing distinctive risk factors may help with focused evaluation, treatment and implementing preventive measures of AKP.

Assessing Household Awareness of Indoor Air Pollution in Cagayan de Oro City: Implications for Health Promotion

Background &amp; Aim: Indoor air pollution is a significant health threat, yet public awareness remains low, particularly in regions like the Philippines. This study assessed household awareness of indoor air pollution sources in a barangay in Cagayan de Oro City. Using the Health Promotion Model by Nola Pender and the Environmental Theory by Florence Nightingale, it sought to understand factors influencing awareness and inform health programs addressing indoor air pollution in the community. Methods &amp; Materials: This study used a descriptive correlational design to explore how demographic factors influence awareness of indoor air pollution sources in a barangay in Cagayan De Oro City. Surveys, translated into the local language and validated through pilot testing, were administered to 264 randomly selected respondents. Statistical analyses, including T-tests and ANOVA, were conducted to assess associations between demographic variables and awareness levels. Results: Significant differences were observed in respondents' awareness levels of indoor air pollution sources across age groups, with middle-aged individuals demonstrating the highest awareness. Females exhibited consistently higher awareness compared to males across all pollution sources. Educational attainment influenced awareness levels, with postgraduates showing the highest awareness. Conclusion: The study revealed significant correlations between demographic factors and respondents' awareness of indoor air pollution sources. Age, gender, and educational attainment influence awareness levels, motivating individuals to prioritize proper ventilation for health preservation. Recommendation: Clinical practitioners should prioritize health education programs targeting middle-aged individuals, females, and those with higher educational attainment levels in addressing indoor air pollution awareness, emphasizing the importance of proper ventilation practices for health preservation and promoting healthier indoor environments in communities

Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Literasi Keuangan Pegawai di Kantor Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Nias

Employees at the Nias Regency Regional Secretariat Office have different understandings about financial literacy. Some employees are trapped in fraudulent investments and there are still many employees who have consumerist habits, namely buying things based on desire, not need. This research aims to determine the influence of age, gender, education and income factors on the level of financial literacy of employees at the District Regional Secretariat Office. The data collection method in this research uses primary data obtained from filling out questionnaires with 51 employee respondents at the Nias Regency Regional Secretariat office as well as secondary data obtained from journals related to this research. The data analysis methods used are validity test, reliability test, correlation coefficient test, determinant coefficient test, normality test, heteroscedasticity test, multiple linear regression test, T test and F test. The results of this study show that the factors of age and education have a positive and significant effect on the level of financial literacy of employees at the Regional Secretariat Office of Nias Regency, while the factors of gender and income do not have a positive and significant effect on the level of financial literacy of employees at the Regional Secretariat Office of Nias Regency. Simultaneously, the factors age, gender, education and income have a 76.4% influence on the level of employee financial literacy, while the other 23.6% is influenced by other variables not included in the research.

Direct or Indirect Exporting? The Joint Influence of Gender and Immigration Background on Export Strategies of Canadian SMEs

Given the challenges women-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face in global markets, we investigate the effects of gender and immigrant background on their direct versus indirect export strategies. Drawing on insights from social capital theory, our analysis consists of a sample of 109 Canadian SMEs. We found that although women-majority-owned SMEs are less likely to export directly compared to their men-majority-owned counterparts, women owners with an immigrant background have the potential to overcome network-related barriers, thus weakening the negative effect of gender on direct exporting. These results point to the significance of having access to international networks and the necessity to leverage this linkage to support the direct exporting approach for women-majority-owned SMEs. Our research guides SME owners and managers with global aspirations. We suggest policymakers develop initiatives to encourage women owners to identify, build, and cultivate international business relationships and improve the design and implementation of policies targeted at immigrant export businesses.

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT: GENDER ASPECT OF LAW-MAKING PROCESS

The article attempts to understand to what extent the gender identity of members of the European Parliament initiating a bill determines the subject and nature (feminine or masculine) of the issued legal acts. The research question is whether there is an influence of gender in relation to the subject and nature of regulations adopted by the European Parliament. The chronological period under study is 2009-2022 and is determined by the available open data. For the purpose of the study, a proprietary database was compiled, where the units of analysis are regulations issued by the European Parliament within the framework of the ordinary legislative procedure. The sample population consisted of 1155 observations. The key method of analysis was qualitative descriptive statistical analysis. The calculations were made within the framework of the freely distributed software Orange Data Mining. The results of the analysis demonstrate in general the lack of influence of the gender aspect in relation to the nature and subject of regulations and laws issued by the European Parliament. The gender of parliamentarians-initiators is not a factor determining the nature and subject matter of legislative acts issued by the European Parliament. The results of the analysis, therefore, refute the null hypothesis and confirm the alternative hypothesis: the nature (feminine/masculine) of the bills initiated and regulations adopted by the European Parliament does not depend on the gender factor (that is, on the gender of the deputy who initiated the bill).

Compliance analysis of oral nutritional supplements in hospitalized postsurgical patients with colorectal cancer: A prospective study.

There are few reports on compliance with oral nutritional supplements (ONS) after surgery in hospitalized patients. This study aimed to investigate the compliance with ONS and its influencing factors after surgery in colorectal cancer patients. STROBE checklist was used during the preparation of this paper. A total of 103 postoperative colorectal cancer patients were selected from November 2020 to April 2021 from the Department of Anorectal Surgery in our institution, which is a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, China. The compliance with ONS was recorded by a self-record sheet, and sociodemographic and disease-related information of these patients was gathered through a self-designed questionnaire. The overall ONS compliance rate of patients with colorectal cancer was 57.6%. Results of univariate analysis revealed that ONS compliance rate was related to sex, admission body mass index, abdominal distension, attitude towards ONS, and satisfaction with ONS. Multi-factor analysis showed that age, sex, and perceived benefits of nutrition therapy independently influenced the ONS compliance rate. The postoperative ONS compliance rate of colorectal cancer patients needs to be further improved. Healthcare professionals should pay more attention to the postoperative ONS compliance and acknowledging the influence of age, gender, and attitudes towards ONS on ONS compliance. Notably, patients' perspectives towards ONS play a crucial and modifiable role in determining ONS compliance. Nurses ought to assist patients in cultivating a positive attitude towards ONS. Dosage form and delivery method are also influence factors that deserves further exploration in the future. Future research endeavours should endeavour to craft tailored, meticulous nutritional intervention strategies tailored to the diverse factors that influence ONS compliance, ultimately leading to enhanced ONS adherence. Our findings could serve as valuable evidence for the development of strategies aimed at enhancing ONS usage practices.

Does gender matter in Supported Employment? A qualitative study of participants’ experiences

BACKGROUND: In Sweden, gender differences have been found in standard vocational rehabilitation as well as in evidenced-based methods such as Supported Employment (SE). However, these quantitative findings have not been followed up by qualitative research to clarify the issue. OBJECTIVE: To explore participants’ experiences of participating in an SE intervention and the influence of gender on their experiences. METHOD: Semistructured interviews with 10 women and 7 men participating in SE in Sweden were conducted. Qualitative content analysis followed by a gender analysis were performed using the material. RESULTS: The participating men and women had different background characteristics. Overall, the participants shared the same experiences of SE. They valued a trustful relationship with the employment specialist and the diversified and individualized support from the employment specialist. Unlike the men, the women had experienced difficulties receiving SE from authorities, and when receiving SE, they expressed the value of a slow start, being challenged, and whole-life support. CONCLUSION: The findings might moderate the rapid job principle in SE and indicate the need to acknowledge that the path to employment might look different, depending on the participants’ gendered experiences and living conditions, for SE to be more successful for both men and women.

Endothelial Progenitor Cells: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis and Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms.

This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted role of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vascular diseases, focusing on their involvement in the pathogenesis and their contributions to enhancing the efficacy of endovascular treatments for intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Initially discovered as CD34+ bone marrow-derived cells implicated in angiogenesis, EPCs have been linked to vascular repair, vasculogenesis, and angiogenic microenvironments. The origin and differentiation of EPCs have been subject to debate, challenging the conventional notion of bone marrow origin. Quantification methods, including CD34+ , CD133+ , and various assays, reveal the influence of factors, like age, gender, and comorbidities on EPC levels. Cellular mechanisms highlight the interplay between bone marrow and angiogenic microenvironments, involving growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases, and signaling pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In the context of the pathogenesis of IAs, EPCs play a role in maintaining vascular integrity by replacing injured and dysfunctional endothelial cells. Recent research has also suggested the therapeutic potential of EPCs after coil embolization and flow diversion, and this has led the development of device surface modifications aimed to enhance endothelialization. The comprehensive insights underscore the importance of further research on EPCs as both therapeutic targets and biomarkers in IAs.

Biomechanical variations in patients with flatfoot deformity: Impact of gender, age, and BMI on foot kinetics and kinematics

BackgroundFlatfoot is considered by the collapse of the foot arch, altered biomechanics and impacting functional abilities. The biomechanical gait alteration of foot kinematics and kinetics in individuals with flatfoot, based on gender, age and Body mass index (BMI) in each cohort is unclear. This study explores how gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) impact distinct foot biomechanical characteristics, including ankle joint angle (Jc°), Ground force reaction angle (GFR°), Achilles tendon force (T), Ankle joint force (Jc) and vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during the gait stance phase, in flatfoot versus normal-foot individuals on Indian Population. MethodA foot pressure test and sagittal plane motion analysis were performed on 142 individuals with normal-foot arches and 102 with flatfoot, stratified by gender, age, and BMI. Calculations of the magnitude and direction of forces in ankle joint equilibrants relied on inverse dynamic analysis, vertical ground force reaction and mapping motion data of the gait stance phases. ResultIn the midstance phase, females with high BMI (HBMI) in the middle and older age group (p = 0.029 and p = 0.014), and males with HBMI in the older age group (p = 0.039) demonstrate significantly higher VGRF. Females and males with HBMI in middle and older age groups, along with males with normal BMI in the older age cohort, show positive and negative ranges of GFR°, indicating gait instability. In the push-off phase, females with HBMI in a middle-aged group exhibit significantly lower TandJc (p = 0.023 and p = 0.026) respectively. ConclusionThe biomechanical issues in individuals with flatfoot, while accounting for the influence of gender, age and BMI, are crucial for tailored interventions and precise solutions to biomechanical issues, thereby enhancing foot function and reducing discomfort.

A Comparative Study on Dialogic Communication Strategies of Preschoolers in Greece and Rwanda

The present research aimed to delve into the communicative profile of children in early childhood education in Greece and Rwanda. More specifically, the study was designed and implemented with the aspiration to examine the communication strategies employed by young children and to explore the potential influence of gender, culture and age on the variation of these strategies among children in Larissa (a city in Greece) and in Kigali (a city in Rwanda, Africa). In the study, 120 children were observed in an attempt to document the communication strategies and further look for differentiations on the basis of their gender, age and cultural background. The study findings indicated that children's communicative repertoire is highly affected by their age and country of origin, while, concerning gender, no statistically significant associations were detected. The results of the research indicate the importance of acknowledging the diverse communication strategies employed by children and implementing a dialogic approach to teaching that accommodates the unique communication requirements of each child.

Student entrepreneurship competency and mindset: examining the influence of education, role models, and gender

This research aims to explore the interplay among entrepreneurial education, role models, and gender on students' entrepreneurial competence and mindset. Using purposive sampling, 306 participants enrolled in entrepreneurship and innovation-related courses at UAEU completed an online survey. The research used statistical analyses, including Spearman's Rank Correlations, Cramer's V correlation, Mann–Whitney U, and multiple linear regression, to explore variable relationships. Findings indicate that access to entrepreneurial role models is associated with higher competence, emphasizing resource mobilization and fostering a growth mindset. Active engagement in entrepreneurship courses correlates with enhanced innovative thinking and networking. Despite gender-based disparities, statistical analysis indicates minimal impact on students' ability to generate novel business ideas. This study contributes insights to entrepreneurship education literature, offering practical implications for educators and institutions.

The Influence of Age, Tenure, Education and Gender of the Corporate Secretary on Company Performance on the IDX

Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 35 of 2014 states that a company secretary is mandatory for public companies. they will realize GCG and be responsible for the processes and performance of the board of directors and firm performance. Literature on the influence of corporate secretaries on firm performance is limited. However, based on upper echelon theory, the characteristics of the company secretary need to be considered because they describe their performance and their effect on firm performance. Therefore, this study aims to examine the influence of company secretary characteristics on firm performance. The sample used was companies registered on the BEI for the 2018-2022 period with 944 observations. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that age and education have an effect on firm performance, while tenure and gender have no effect on firm performance. The results add to the literature on the characteristics of corporate secretaries and firm performance, and provide important information that corporate secretaries need to pay attention to.