Influence Of Farmyard Manure Research Articles

Influence of Farmyard Manure and NPS Fertilizer on Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Growth and Yield Variables at Western Ethiopia

Hot peppers are important vegetable crops widely grown in Ethiopia. Investigation into the economic, nutritive and therapeutic purposes of the pepper plant is extremely limited. Thus, a field trial was piloted to assess the influence of NPS (compound fertilizer containing three important plant nutrients of nitrogen, phosphate, and sulphur with the ratio of 19% N, 38% P2O5, and 7% S) and farmyard manure (FYM) fertilizer on hot pepper at the Dambi Dollo University research field for two consecutive years (2020 and 2021) under rain fed. The finding was systematized in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three repetitions and variety of Marako Fana hot pepper was assessed. NPS fertilizer at four level (0, 100, 200, 300 kg N ha-1) and four FYM levels (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 t ha-1) were owed to the study area and a total of 20 treatments. The research results revealed that FYM and NPS mineral fertilizer interacts to affect positively (P<0.05) maximum parameters without unmarketable harvest, which was influenced through the single effect of NPS and FYM. The highest marketable pod yield (2.28 t ha-1) and total pod harvest (2.72 t ha-1) was recorded through NPS rates of 100 kg ha-1 applied with 5 t ha-1 of farmyard manure. Consequently, it is likely to determine that hot pepper farmers can use NPS mineral fertilizer rate of 100 kg ha-1 with 5 t ha-1 of FYM that would expand yield of the hot peppers in the study area with similar agro-ecological conditions.

Immobilization of chromium bioavailability through application of organic waste to Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) under chromium-contaminated Indian soils.

Industrialization results in production of large volume of wastewaters, and disposing of them become a serious problem. The wastewaters may have range of heavy metals, which have an impact on soil and plant health. The objective was to evaluate the influence of farm yard manure (FYM) and pressmud (PM) applications on Indian mustard growth and chromium (Cr) uptake in tannery effluent irrigated Cr-contaminated soil. Soil was collected from the tannery effluent irrigated fields (chromium contaminated) of Shekhpura village of Kanpur, India. A pot culture experiment was carried out by growing Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) var. RH 749 on the Cr-contaminated soil with application of different levels and combinations of FYM and PM (at 0, 2.5, and 5gkg-1 each). Biomass yield, Cr uptake, bioconcentration factor (BCF), transfer factor (TF), transfer efficiency (TE), and Cr removal indices were examined. Higher doses of FYM and PM resulted in reduction of Cr concentrations in shoot (6.60 to 2.50µgg-1) and root (27.27 to 9.43µgg-1); and absorption in plant tissues and had improved total dry matter yield (14.56 to 30.94g pot-1). The use of FYM and PM had a substantial (p ≤ 0.05) impact on phytoremediation parameters like BCF (0.128 to 0.045), TE (59.61 to 64.51%), and Cr removal (0.65 to 0.51%). Combined application of FYM (5gkg-1) and PM (5gkg-1) had enhanced the dry matter yield of shoot (12.51 to 26.40g pot-1) and root (2.05 to 4.54g pot-1) and reduced the Cr uptake (138.54 to 108.79mg pot-1) than the individual amendment addition of FYM (138.52 to 135.89mg pot-1) and PM (126.02 to 130.52mg pot-1). Combined application of FYM (5gkg-1) and PM (5gkg-1) could be beneficial for remediation of Cr-contaminated areas for cultivation of crops.

Influence of farm yard manure and N-levels on the growth, yield characters and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Field experiment was conducted at the Kogi State University Research and Demonstration Farm Anyigba, (Lat 7° 291 and Long 70 111E). Anyigba lies in the Guinea Savanna Agro-ecological Zone. This experiment was conducted during the raining season of 2021 to evaluate the effect of Farm Yard Manure and Nitrogen levels on the growth, yield characters and seed yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Treatments consisted of three levels of Farm Yard Manure (0 t ha-1, 5 t ha-1, 10 tonsha-1and 15 t ha-1) respectively and Nitrogen fertilizer rates (0 tons Nha-1, 0.02 t N ha-1, 0.04 t N ha-1and 0.06 t N ha-1) respectively. Factorial combination of treatments gave a total number of 16 treatments which was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. 48 plots were obtained in total. Results showed that application of Farm Yard Manure did not influence (p≥0.05) all parameters studied in the experiment except dry weight/plant, plant height and seed yield/ha. Nitrogen application significantly influenced (p≤0.05) plant height and seed yield only. There was no significant interaction observed between Farm Yard Manure and Nitrogen levels in all parameters studied.

Influence of Farmyard Manure and Jeevamrutha on Growth and Yield of Sunflower

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2017 at ZARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru to study the influence of different levels of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and Jeevamrutha on growth and yield of Sunflower in red sandy loam soil. There were nine treatment combinations laid out in factorial randomized complete block design, which were replicated thrice. The experimental results revealed that, the application of FYM at 150 per cent nitrogen equivalent and jeevamrutha at 1500 L ha-1significantly influenced growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index and total dry matter production. The interaction effect of FYM and jeevamrutha was significant in enhancing the seed yield of sunflower due to improvement in yield attributes like head diameter, number of seeds per head, hundred seed weight and seed yield per plant.

Influence of Farm Yard Manure on Nematode Infestation, Yield and Quality of Cucumber

Cucumber production in Kenya is faced with a number of challenges that include nematode infestation, low yield and quality of the crop resulting into low returns. In an effort to solve some of these challenges, a study was conducted to ascertain the effects of farmyard manure on nematode infestation, yield and quality of cucumber at Rongo University School of Agriculture Research Farm from July to October 2017 and repeated from October 2017 to January 2018. Three seeds of cucumber ‘Ashley’ were sown directly in 3.5-liter plastic pots containing 8 kg of sterilized air dried growth medium made up of sand and top soil in the ratio of 1:2 respectively. The treatments were four levels of cattle manure 0 (control), 7.5, 11.3 and 15 ton/ha. Each pot was then inoculated with 5 juvenile root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp). The experiment was performed under completely randomized block design with three replications. Data was collected on yield, quality and nematode population dynamics and then subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at P≤0.05. The Number of fruits per vine, number of deformed fruits per vine, fruit weight, length, diameter, firmness and TSS were significantly affected by FYM application. FYM also affected the number of root galls and nematode population.

Influence of farmyard manure on some morphological and biochemical parameters of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seedling grown in cadmium-treated soil.

The present study aims to assess the effects of the two kinds of farmyard manure (poultry and pig manures) as amendments for soil on cadmium (Cd) toxicity in plants using cowpea seedlings as plant model. Cd toxicity was evaluated by assessing the effect of the metal on the growth rate and antioxidant status as well as the ability of the plant to metabolise xenobiotic. There was a significantly (p<0.05) increased concentration of Cd in the root, stem and leaves of cowpea seedlings grown in all the treated soils relative to control. Addition of poultry manure to the soil significantly (p<0.05) decreased the level of Cd in these component parts of the seedlings and their corresponding bioaccumulation factor in a dose-dependent manner as compared with treatments with Cd pollution without manure addition and Cd pollution with pig manure addition. There was restoration of Cd-induced effect on growth rate parameters to levels comparable to controls in cowpea seedlings grown in Cd-treated soil augmented with poultry manure but not in cowpea seedlings in cadmium-treated soil with pig manure amendments. Similarly, augmentation of Cd-treated soil with pig manure did not alter the Cd-induced effect on the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in leaf, stem and roots, as SOD remained significantly (p<0.05) decreased and LPO increased relative to control. On the other hand, the levels of SOD and LPO in these parts of cowpea seedlings grown in Cd-treated soils amended with poultry manure were restored to a level not significantly (p>0.05) different from control. Like in the case of SOD, the Cd-induced inhibition of the activity of xenobiotic metabolising enzymes, aldehyde oxidase and sulphite oxidase remained significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the organs of seedling grown in Cd-treated soil amended with pig manure. Conversely, the Cd-induced effect on the activities of these enzymes was reversed in the organs of seedlings exposed to Cd and poultry manure as it was not significantly (p>0.05) different from control. In conclusion, the findings of the study revealed that supplementation of Cd-treated soils with pig and poultry manures reversed effects of Cd on cowpea seedlings. However, poultry manure was more effective than pig manure in ameliorating the effects of Cd.

Influence of Farm Yard Manure, Farm Yard Manure + Urea, and Urea on Crop Yield in Prishnaparni (Uraria picta Desv. ex DC.)

ABSTRACT To evaluate the effect of farm yard manure (FYM) alone, FYM + urea, and urea alone on the growth and yield of Uraria picta Desv. ex DC. with two physicochemically different soils of Bundelkhand region, pot experiment was conducted during 2010 to 2011 and 2014 to 2015. FYM + urea applied in 50:50 ratio of nitrogen (N) gave best results as compared with the other treatments for crop yield in both the types of soils. Highest dry matter yield of 18.62 gm/pot was obtained during the year 2010 to 2011 and 24.33 gm/pot was obtained during the year 2014 to 2015 when FYM + urea was treated in black soil. The FYM alone and urea alone yielded dry matter of 16.03 gm/pot and 15.55 gm/pot respectively, during the year 2010 to 2011. Trends for the increase in dry matter yield were similar during both the years of study. In red soil also, dry matter yield was highest (10.23 gm/pot) during the year 2010 to 2011 and (14.33 gm/pot) 2014 to 2015 when FYM + urea was applied. The FYM + urea in 50:50 ratio is the best for the growth of Uraria picta. Desv. ex DC. How to cite this article Kiran U. Influence of Farm Yard Manure, Farm Yard Manure + Urea, and Urea on Crop Yield in Prishnaparni (Uraria picta Desv. ex DC.). J Drug Res Ayurvedic Sci 2017;2(1):30-33.

Influence of farm yard manure and inorganic N fertilization on performance of garlic under different irrigation regimes

Results of two years field study revealed that farm yard manure improved bulb circumference, bulb weight, number of cloves, bulb yield, N uptake, crude protein content and irrigation water use efficiency. Irrigation based on irrigation water/pan evaporation (IW/PAN-E) =1.6 and 1.2 produced significantly higher garlic bulb yield and bulb weight than that obtained with IW/PAN-E=0.8, but IW/PAN-E =1.2 used less irrigation water than that with IW/PAN-E =1.6. Garlic yield significantly increased with N application upto 125 kg ha-1. Fertilizer N increased bulb size, weight and irrigation water use efficiency. Crude protein content increased with farm yard manure upto 150 kg ha-1 of N and IW/PAN-E =1.6, while upto 125 kg ha-1 of N and IW/PAN-E =1.2 without farm yard manure. Water use efficiency decreased with irrigation frequency.

Influence of farm yard manure and phosphorus application on yield and yield components of Wheat

Influence of farm yard manure and phosphorus application on yield and yield components of Wheat

Influence of Gypsum and Farmyard Manure Application in Soil on Yield and Chemical Composition of Essential oil of Rose Scented Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L'Herit.ex Ait.)

:A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of farm yard manure (FYM) and gypsum application on the yield and chemical composition of essential oil of rose scented geranium. The herbage and essential oil yield of geranium was significantly increased (at 5 % level) by the combined application of FYM and gypsum along with recommended fertilizer application as compared to sole application of N, P and K fertilizer taken as control. The combined application of FYM and gypsum in soil was more effective to increase the herbage and essential oil yield of geranium by 35.4 % which was followed by the sole application of FYM (25.2 %) and gypsum (12.3 %) as compared to control. The chemical composition of the essential oil of geranium was affected differentially with the applied treatments. The content of citronellol, geraniol, linalool, citronellyl and geranyl formate in the essential oil of geranium were significantly increased by 48.9, 20.3, 62.3, 15.6 and 66.4 % respectively with the combined application of FYM and gypsum as compared to control but those were not significantly affected with the sole application of FYM and gypsum . The level of iso-menthone, trans-rose oxide were not affected but the content of cis-rose oxide was decreased and that of nerol and 10-epi-γ-eudesmol was increased in the essential oil of geranium with the application of FYM, gypsum and their combination as compared to control. The results suggest that the combined application of FYM and gypsum would be beneficial to obtain higher herb and essential oil yield of rose scented geranium with enhanced level of citronellol, geraniol along with their esters and other minor compounds like linalool, nerol, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol in the essential oil of geranium.

Influence of farm yard manure, poultry manure and forest litter on copper solubility in soil and uptake by Phaseolus vulgaris

AbstractLong term and intensive use of copper‐based fungicides on coffee farms may contaminate soils with copper. The legacy of copper pollution may pose the risk of contaminating food crops cultivated on these soils. A randomized block design field experiment at Kilimanjaro, Tanzania was designed to investigate the effects of different application rates of cattle manure, poultry manure and forest litter on aqua regia, EDTA and CaCl2 extractable copper in soils and copper uptake by bean plants grown on this long‐term copper‐contaminated soil (more than 50 yr of copper application). It was important to examine the potential of the organic amendments in mobilizing or immobilizing copper and assess the risks of contaminating bean crops at a farm, where the application of organic amendments was common practice. At harvest, rhizosphere soils were collected and analysed. The soils were found to have large concentrations of copper, greatly exceeding international standard levels. Poultry manure applied at 40 tons/ha significantly increased CaCl2 extractable copper compared with the control treatment. Organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, EDTA extractable copper, aqua regia extractable copper and copper concentrations in bean seeds or leaves were not significantly changed by the organic matter treatments. The concentration of copper was significantly less in bean seeds than in bean leaves (P &lt; 0.01). The bean plants did not take up excessive quantities of copper, and therefore, the risk of copper contamination of bean crops in this farm appears to be small.

Influence of pyrite and farmyard manure on population dynamics of soil methanotroph and rice yield in saline rain-fed paddy field

Influence of farmyard manure (FYM) and pyrite application on methanotroph population and rice yield was examined during July 2008 to October 2008 in rain-fed saline paddy field using a rice variety namely HUR-3010. Four treatment plots with three replicates were established in completely randomized block design. The experimental design consisted of (a) control, (b) FYM, (c) pyrite, and (d) FYM + pyrite. Average methanotroph population was highest in FYM + pyrite treated plot (79.0 × 10 5 cells g −1 dry soil), and lowest in control plot (23.0 × 10 5 cells g −1 dry soil). Regression analysis exhibited negative relationship of methanotroph population with EC ( R 2 = −0.937) and NH 4 +–N ( R 2 = −0.892). Rice yield was highest in FYM + pyrite applied plots, while lowest in the control plot. Results suggested that the application of FYM and pyrite singly or in combination significantly enhance the number of soil methanotroph as well as rice yield in the saline paddy field.

Rehabilitating acid soils for increasing crop productivity through low-cost liming material

Productivity of red and lateritic soils is low because of their acidity and deficiencies in few essential nutrients viz., nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, zinc, boron, molybdenum etc. We compared the effectiveness of basic slag, a low-cost liming material, with that of calcite as an ameliorant for these soils using mustard followed by rice as test crops. Experiments were conducted with three levels of each of basic slag and calcite along with a control on farmers' fields at 14 different locations. Influence of farmyard manure (FYM) and poultry manure (PM) on the effectiveness of the slag was also tested. On an average, basic slag performed better than calcite in increasing yields of both mustard and rice and left over higher amounts of available Ca, Si and Zn in residual soils. The slag also improved N, P, K and Ca nutrition of mustard and Si and Zn nutrition of rice with a favorable benefit:cost (B:C) ratio over the calcite (4.82 vs. 1.44). Effectiveness of the basic slag improved when it was applied in combination with FYM or PM (B:C, 5.83 and 6.27). Basic slag can, therefore, be advocated for use in the acidic red and lateritic soils for economically improving their productivity.

Effect of Fertilizer P and Farmyard Manure on Bioavailable P as Influenced by Rhizosphere Microbial Activities in Soybean-Wheat Rotation

ABSTRACT The efficiency of use of applied P may be improved through an understanding of soil P dynamics in relation to management practices in a cropping system. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of farmyard manure (FYM) and fertilizer P application on the activities of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), inorganic P-solubilizing and organic-P mineralizing organisms, and selected enzyme activities in a soybean (Glycine max merril L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation of five years duration. The results showed that the greatest microbial activities were measured when maximum crop growth occurred and that their activities increased significantly with the application of manure. AMF root colonization was twice higher in soybean than in wheat. The application of fertilizer P (44 kg P ha−1) reduced AMF colonization in roots, which was 15% lower than in control plots in both soybean and wheat. The combined application of fertilizer P and manure significantly improved the inorganic-P solubilizing activity of rhizosphere soil, which ranged from 0.87 to 1.53 μg TCP g−1 soil d−1 and organic-P mineralizing rate ranged from 0.07 to 0.31 μg inosine-triphosphate g−1 soil d−1. Root acid phosphatase was maximal at the early-growth stage of the crops and significantly increased with both manure and P application, but decreased as crops matured. However, rhizosphere soil alkaline phosphatase remained higher even after maturity than at vegetative stage. It was observed that after six cropping cycles of soybean-wheat; the labile organic phosphorus (Po) (NaHCO3-P) and moderately labile Po (NaOH-P) were relatively higher than stable Po (HCl-P). The bioavailable P was significantly correlated with the rates of inorganic-P solubilization and organic-P mineralization and with the activities of root phosphatase and rhizosphere soil alkaline phosphatase. These results demonstrate that qualitative P solubilizing/mineralizing organisms associated with AMF, and activity of enzymes mediated through microbes are a major factor in controlling organic and inorganic P in this management system.

Influence of mineral and organic fertilizers on soil organic carbon pools

The influence of farmyard manure (FYM) and equivalent mineral NPK application on organic matter content, hot water extractable carbon (HWC), microbial biomass C (Cmic), and grain yields in a long-term field experiment was assessed after 40 years in Hungary. The unfertilized plot, FYM fertilized plots and plots fertilized with equivalent NPK fertilizer contained 0.99%, 1.13% and 1.05% total organic carbon (TOC) respectively. Compared to the unfertilized plot, FYM application resulted in 8.2% higher TOC than equivalent NPK fertilization. The highest TOC was only 1.21%, much lower than expected for a soil containing 21.3% of clay. The quantity of HWC varied depending on the type of fertilization: Compared to control, FYM treatments lead to 29% more HWC than mineral fertilization (FYM: 328 mg kg−1; NPK: 264 mg kg−1). The impact of FYM and equivalent NPK fertilizer on Cmic was contrary. FYM and NPK resulted in 304 and 423 mg kg−1 Cmic, respectively. The difference was 119 mg kg−1; 42% as compared to the unfertilized plot. Despite the higher HWC content, FYM treatments lead to significantly less (35%) grain yields than equivalent NPK doses; Cmic content showed closer correlation to grain yields.

Influence of farmyard manure, nitrogen and biofertilizers on growth, yield attributes and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under limited water supply

An experiment was conducted during the winter season (rabq 1994-95 and 1995-96 at New Delhi, on integrated nitrogen management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori &amp; Paol.) Application of farmyard manure (FYM) increased the growth, yield and water-use efficiency of wheat. Application of IV up to 90 kglha also boosted the growth and yield of wheat. An application of FYM recorded the saving of 45 kg Nlha. Both biofertilizers, azospirillum and azotobacter proved effective in enhancing the growth and yield of wheat.

Influence of farmyard manure, inorganic fertilizers and weed control practices on some soil physical properties in a long‐term experiment

Abstract. In a long‐term experiment, soil physical properties were studied after 20 annual cycles of maize‐wheat‐fodder cowpea cropping with annual application of inorganic fertilizers and farmyard manure (FYM). Weeds were controlled by hand or by the use of herbicides. The hand weeding treatment resulted in a lowering of the bulk density of the surface layer (0‐15 cm) and a significant increase in the subsurface (15–30 cm) density. Application of FYM significantly increased the soil organic carbon (OC), infiltration rate, water retention, aggregation and aggregate stability in water. Application of inorganic fertilizers had small but statistically significant effect in increasing soil OC.

Influence of farmyard manure on the quality of grass silage

The influence of adding small aggregates (5 g) of farmyard manure (FYM) and/or a bacteria suspension (BS), containing Escherichia coli, and spores of Bacillus cereus and Clostridium tyrobutyricum, to silage was studied in two successive years. Direct cut (approximately 200 g DM kg−1), precision-chopped grass herbage was ensiled in 1·6 l experimental silos. At ensiling the BS was either well distributed in the crop or added directly to 5 g of grass or FYM, which was placed in the centre of the green material when the silos were filled. Silage was further treated with formic acid (4 kg t−1 FM), or an inoculant of lactic acid bacteria (106 cfu g−1 FM), and compared with no additive. Only minor influences on silage quality resulted from the addition of BS, although the number of clostridial spores increased slightly. Silages given additions of small aggregates of FYM were of poor quality. The inferior silage with a high number of clostridial spores (⩾3·9 cfu g−1) and a high concentration of butyric acid (⩾2·8 g kg−1) was found in the immediate vicinity of the addition. Application of silage additives did not improve silage quality. The poor quality of ‘FYM-silages’ could not solely be explained by the high number of organisms, but other factors in the manure and/or crops may contribute to the poor silage fermentation. © 1997 SCI.

Urea management for lowland transplanted rice as affected by application of farmyard manure

Farmyard manure (FYM) applied to rice-growing soils can substitute for industrial fertilizers, but little is known about the influence of FYM on the effectiveness and optimal management for industrial N fertilizers. A field experiment was conducted in northern Vietnam on a degraded soil in the spring season (February to June) and summer season (July to November) to determine the effect of FYM on optimal timing for the first application of urea. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with two rates of basal incorporated FYM (0 or 6 Mg ha−1) in factorial combination with two timings of the first application of 30 kg urea-N ha−1 (basal incorporated before transplanting or delayed until 14 to 16 d after transplanting). The FYM was formed by composting pig manure with rice straw for 3 months. Basal incorporation of FYM, containing 23 kg N ha−1, increased rice grain yield in both seasons. The yield increase cannot be attributed to reduced ammonia loss of applied urea-N, because FYM did not reduce partial pressure of ammonia (pNH3) following urea application in either season. Basal and delayed applications of urea were equally effective in the absence of FYM, but when FYM was applied rice yields in both seasons were higher for delayed (mean = 3.2 Mg ha−1) than basal (mean = 2.9 Mg ha−1) application of urea. Results suggest that recommendations for urea timing in irrigated lowland rice should consider whether farmers apply FYM.

Influence of farmyard manure on a suppressive soil on cabbage clubroot and control of the disease by the soil in nursery bed and field

Influence of farmyard manure on a suppressive soil on cabbage clubroot and control of the disease by the soil in nursery bed and field