Influence Of External Pressure Research Articles

An Energy Criterion for Adhesive Failure of a Composite Pipe under the Influence of External Pressure

An Energy Criterion for Adhesive Failure of a Composite Pipe under the Influence of External Pressure

Role of the Casimir force in micro- and nanoelectromechanical pressure sensors

Abstract The Casimir force caused by the electromagnetic fluctuations
is computed in the configurations of micro- and nanoelectromechanical pressure
sensors using Si membranes and either Si or Au-coated Si substrates. It is
shown that if, under the influence of external pressure, the membrane-substrate
separation drops to below 100 nm, the Casimir force makes a profound effect on
the sensor functioning. There exists the maximum value of external pressure
depending on the sensor parameters such that it finds itself in a state of
unstable equilibrium. For this and larger pressures, the Casimir force leads
to a collapse of the sensor, which loses its functionality. For any smaller
external pressures, there exist two equilibrium positions, one of which is
unstable and another one is stable, at smaller and larger membrane-substrate
separations, respectively. The latter can be safely used for the pressure
measurements. Possible applications of the ontained results in the design of
micro and nano pressure sensors of next generations with further decreased
dimensions are discussed.

Tuning the electronic and vibrational properties of Sn[formula omitted]P[formula omitted]S[formula omitted]: Pressure induced metallization and superconductivity

The influence of external pressure on the properties of Sn2P2S6 has been systematically studied using density-functional theory calculations. It has been found that the ambient-pressure polymorph (space group P21/c) is most stable up to 100 GPa than the other two polymorphs reported in the literature. We have also found that the electronic band gap closes under compression, being metallization achieved at 35 GPa. In addition, electron–phonon coupling calculations show that the studied material is a superconductor at pressures of 35 GPa and higher. The critical temperature increases under compression. We will also present results on phonon-dispersion calculations, showing that Sn2P2S6 becomes dynamically unstable near 60 GPa. Finally results on the linear and volumetric compressibility are reported showing that Sn2P2S6 is highly compressible with a bulk modulus of 34(1) GPa.

Pressure-dependent magnetic properties of FeNi alloy: Theoretical study

The influence of external pressures on the structural and magnetic properties of the FeNi alloy is elucidated using density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo simulation. Utilizing a range of pressures, the study showcases compressive behavior in lattice constants, with both a and c exhibiting reductions. A sharp decline in magnetic moments is recorded at a critical pressure of 54 GPa. Indicating a magnetic phase transition from ferro to paramagnetic phase. Beyond this critical pressure, dynamical instability becomes evident, attributable to the aforementioned magnetic phase transition. Further examination of exchange interaction parameters reveals that while Fe–Fe interactions exhibited a consistent decrease with pressure, the FeNi and NiNi interactions remained relatively stable across the examined pressure range. At pressures close to 0 GPa, the Curie temperature (TC) was found to be around 838 K. As the external pressure is applied, a consequential decline in TC is witnessed, suggesting a significant sensitivity of the magnetic phase transition to external pressures. In particular, this study indicates that the FeNi alloy is sensitive to external pressures, emphasizing some relation between structural and magnetic properties.

Problems of modeling elements with shape memory alloys of military equipment

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are used in various fields, including military equipment, to create means with autonomous or improved properties. It can be especially useful in structural elements that are capable of self-healing after deformations or damage as a result of explosions, impacts or other loads that occur during military operations.
 SMAs are materials that have the ability to remember and restore the accumulated deformation under certain conditions. This makes them particularly useful in robotics, where they can be used to create moving parts, sensors, actuators and other components.
 One of the main applications of SMA in robotics is the creation of moving elements. For example, they can be used to create bendable segments in jobs that require flexibility and mobility. SMAs can be used to create manipulators that allow a robot to easily move and perform tasks in different environments. One of the most important properties of SMAs is their ability to retain their shape during deformation. This makes them useful for building sensors that can detect differences in the shape of an object. SMAs can be used to create pressure sensors that respond to a change in shape under the influence of external pressure. These sensors can be used to develop robots that can recognize objects and distinguish them by shape. SMA can also be used to create actuators. Actuators are components that convert electrical, mechanical, or other types of energy into motion. SMA are materials that have the ability to remember and restore the accumulated deformation under certain conditions. This is achieved due to the peculiarities of their microstructure and thermoelastic effect. When SMA is subjected to thermal influence in the temperature zone where it can transition between two states: austenitic (higher temperature) and martensitic (lower temperature), under an existing external load, the phase strain increases, and with the degree of load, the temperature of the beginning and end of the emerging of straine changes. Each of these states has its own crystal structure and characteristics determined by its chemical composition. The article considers the issue of taking into account the shift of characteristic temperatures under the influence of an external load of SMA in terms of the synthetic theory of irreversible deformation and proposes a non-linear formula for finding the characteristic temperatures of metals with memory during loading. The obtained ratio was used to find the proportion of the new phase and the rate of formation of the new phase as a function of the magnitude of the external load, the rate of loading, the absolute temperature, the rate of temperature change and the characteristic temperatures in terms of the effective temperature.

Atomistic investigation of pressure effects on sintering of bimetallic core–shell nanoparticles

Pressure-assisted sintering (PAS) utilizing bimetallic core–shell nanoparticles (CS NPs) has garnered widespread attention for its ability to produce advanced components with excellent thermal and electrical conductivities, even at low temperatures. This study presents the first investigation into the PAS of bimetallic CS NPs, using Ag-coated Cu material as a representative system, through all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The study provides detailed insights into the atomic-scale processes and mechanisms that govern pressure-assisted sintering, elucidating the coalescence phenomena and revealing the significant influence of external pressure. By comparing atomistic behaviors, such as diffusion, migration, and microstructure evolution, between PAS and thermal sintering, a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms is achieved. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of considering microstructural characteristics in addition to void fraction assessment for accurately estimating mechanical properties. This study enhances our understanding of sintering methods and offers a new perspective on designing process conditions in the PAS process.

Моделирование внешнего воздействия на резонансные свойства объемного антиферромагнетика α − Fe2O3 при спин-переориентационном переходе

This paper presents a model that explains the influence of external pressure on the resonant frequency of a bulk crystal a–Fe2O3 in an external magnetic field. The dynamics of vectors l and m before and after the Morin temperature TM are considered. The dependences of the resonant frequency on pressure and external magnetic field for the cases H║(HA ║ z) and H┴(HA ║ z) are obtained, and the dependences of the magnetic field on pressure are obtained for the lower and upper modes. It was found that when external pressure is applied to the structure, the natural frequency of vibrations of the magnetic sublattices of the antiferromagnet increases significantly. The results obtained can be used in the development of devices for generating and processing signals in the gigahertz and terahertz frequency ranges.

Determinants of Financial Reporting Local Government Organization Transparency and Accountability as a Mediator

This study examines the role of accountability as a mediating variable in understanding how internal control and external pressure influence financial reporting transparency. Data was sourced from a survey, garnering responses from 214 participants. The purposive sampling technique was adopted, focusing on responses from heads of finance departments, financial treasurers, and financial staff supporting local government organizations (OPD). For hypothesis testing, the study employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) grounded on the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach. Results revealed that internal control significantly promotes financial reporting transparency in OPD, with accountability serving as a mediator. In contrast, external pressure alone is inadequate to guarantee the transparency and accountability of financial reports within local governments. Consequently, OPDs are advised to bolster their internal control and accountability mechanisms to enhance the trustworthiness of their financial statements.
 Keywords: internal control, external pressure, accountability, and financial reporting transparency

Ingrown Finger Nail-A Lesser Known Entity.

Dear Editor, Ingrown toenails are a common problem encountered in dermatology practice. They are caused by three major factors—excessive transverse curvature of the nail plate, maceration of the gutter and external pressure over the toe nail. In addition, the hard hyperkeratotic transversely over-curved nail plate exerts pressure and its spicule causes penetrative injury to the nail gutter under the influence of external pressure caused by running, tight fitting shoes, standing on toes etc., making the condition worsen.[1] All these factors make toes more vulnerable to having ingrown nails as compared to fingers nails. However, we have been seen few cases of ingrown fingernails in our dermatology out patient department.[2] There is a lack of scientific data on the incidence of ingrown nails on fingers. As per a recent report, finger ingrown nails were more commonly found in patients receiving epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (which leads to epidermolysis and easy maceration of the nail gutter).[3,4] In addition, there are some others drugs which may cause paronychia, excessive nail fold granulation tissue (pseudopyogenic granuloma)and eventually ingrown nail development, for example, cyclosporine, docetaxel, doxorubin, oral antifungals, lamivudine, indinavir, ritonavir, azidothymidine, vandetanib, capecitabine, cetuximab, giftinib, and retinoids. The main predisposing causes of ingrown finger nails may be occupation related, such as external pressure of the nail plate on its gutter during writing with the middle and ring finger, stitching, sewing, opening and shutting sliding windows, typing, vegetable cutting etc. It has been observed that ingrown finger nails are more common in the ring and middle fingers than in the index finger, which may be due to the fact that the ring and middle finger nails are more curved as compared to the index finger. Many patients diagnosed with finger nail paronychia on the distal lateral end may have ingrown nails, which might have been overlooked in the initial stage [Figure 1]. So, a careful examination of the finger nail is a must in all cases of distal end paronychia of the finger nail [Figure 2]. A change in the way fingers are used and avoiding repeated trauma in day-to-day activities are necessary for remission in such cases.Figure 1:: Ingrown finger nail in the initial stage is cut and removed from the gutterFigure 2:: Ingrown finger nail with pseudopyogenic granulomaAcknowledgment None. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

Analysis of the Influence of Fraud Risk Factors According to Fraud Diamond on Fraud Financial Statements in Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

This study aims to examine the influence of external pressure, financial target, ineffective monitoring, rationalization, and capability on financial statement fraud. Financial Statement Fraud is measured by earnings management using discretionary accruals. This study uses secondary data were taken from the manufacturing companies which are listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange. Sample selection is done by purposive sampling method and sample obtained from this research were 45 of a total 135 companies. Method of analysis used multiple linear regression analysis. The result show that simultanoeusly of external pressure, financial target, ineffective monitoring, rationalization, and capability have a significant influence on financial statement fraud. Partially, external pressure, financial target, rationalization, and have no significant influence on financial statement fraud. Ineffective monitoring partially has a significant influence on financial statement fraud.

External Pressures, Managerial Motive and Corporate Sustainability Strategy: Evidence from a Developing Economy

Based on social-system theories, our study analyzes the (i) influence of institutional and external stakeholder pressure on the adoption of corporate sustainability strategy and (ii) role of managerial motive in mediating the influence of external pressures on the adoption of corporate sustainability strategy. A questionnaire was developed to collect data from listed companies in Sri Lanka, and the data were analyzed using the covariance-based structural equation modeling technique. The results showed that the adoption of corporate sustainability strategy is positively influenced by external stakeholder pressures, whereas institutional pressures had no significant impact. The managerial motive was found to mediate institutional pressures, but it was not to mediate external stakeholder pressure on adopting corporate sustainability strategy. This is the first study from Sri Lanka to investigate the interplay between external forces and managers' internal motivations concerning adopting corporate sustainability strategy. External stakeholders and the institutional environment can call upon organizations to embrace a sustainability agenda in economies where adopting sustainability is purely voluntary. Managers may absorb the external pressures on sustainability and drive organizations to engage in sustainability initiatives. Keywords: Corporate sustainability strategy; institutional pressures; external stakeholder pressures; managerial motive; structural equation modelling

Baric properties of CdSe-core / ZnS/CdS/ZnS-multilayer shell quantum dots

The model of spherical quantum dot of the core/multilayer shell type, which is subjected to external comprehensive pressure, is constructed taking into account the mismatch between the lattice parameters of the contacting layers and the pressure due to the curvature of the surface. Within the method of the deformation potential, the influence of external pressure on the band structure of CdSe-core/ZnS/CdS/ZnS-shell quantum dot was investigated. It is shown that by changing the thickness of the shell layers and the amount of pressure, it is possible to change the width of the optical band gap of quantum dot in a wide range. It was found for the first time that in the case of small CdSe QD cores (less than 2.5 nm) there is a critical value of comprehensive pressure, above which the value of baric coefficient decreases abruptly. It is shown that an increase in the thickness of CdS layer in the three-layer ZnS/CdS/ZnS shell leads to a decrease in the critical pressure, and in the two-layer ZnS/CdS shell leads to an increase in the critical pressure. It is established that in the case of a three-layer shell for small radii of cores (less than 2.5 nm) at pressure greater than 16.5 kbar there is an anomalous dependence of the energy of electron in the ground state and, accordingly, the width of the optical band gap on the core radius: increasing the radius of core leads to an increase in the width of the optical band gap of quantum dot. • The model of strain CdSe-core/ZnS/CdS/ZnS-shell quantum dot is constructed. • Within the method of the deformation potential, the influence of external pressure on the band structure of CdSe-core/ZnS/CdS/ZnS-shell quantum dot was investigated. • In the case of small cores of CdSe QD there is a critical value of pressure, above which the value of the baric coefficient decreases abruptly. • Increasing the thickness of the CdS layer in a three-layer ZnS/CdS/ZnS shell leads to a decrease in critical pressure.

Study on Composite Material Failure of Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipes under External Pressure

This paper examines the mechanical properties of reinforced thermoplastic pipes (RTP) under the influence of external pressure. We used the three-dimensional (3D) thick-walled cylinder theory, combined the 3D Hashin failure criterion with the theory of the evolution of damage in composite materials, considered their nonlinear mechanical behaviors, and introduced changes in the winding angle caused by deformation to formulate a model for the progressive failure analysis of RTP. The model was used to examine the failure sequence and external pressure capacity of RTP, and its correctness was verified by a finite element model. The results show that increasing the winding angle of RTP within a certain range can improve its external pressure capacity. When the winding angle exceeded ±50°, the failure of the RTP under external pressure mainly depended on the fiber fracture of the reinforced layer. With an increase in the ply number of the reinforced layer, the external pressure capacity of the RTP increased nonlinearly and its rate of growth gradually decreased.

Influence of external pressure on silicon electrodes in lithium-ion cells

The influence of external pressure on lithium-ion cells containing a silicon anode is investigated. The performance of pouch-type full cells under rigid compression is compared to unconstrained cells, where the electrode stack is allowed to swell during cycling. The negative electrode contains only silicon as active material, while prelithiated lithium titanium oxide (LTO) is used as the positive electrode. The results show that the main failure mechanism in such cells is a continuous irreversible consumption of lithium ions, likely due to repeated solid electrolyte interphase breakage and reformation. At high pressures, the lithium depletion has a larger influence than at lower pressures. This effect is examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as dilation measurements of flexibly-constrained cells and can be traced back to an increase of the ionic pore resistance being more pronounced under high pressure. A new approach is used to compensate the lithium loss, i.e. internal relithiation of the LTO electrode via a lithium reservoir. This not only proves the theory of irreversible lithium consumption being the main challenge in these cells, but also enables cycling for 1000 cycles at 1200 mAhgSi−1 without capacity fading.

A Fuzzy Qualitative Simulation Study of College Student’s Mental Health Status

The fuzzy qualitative approach used in this paper provides an in-depth study and analysis of the simulation of the mental health state of college students, which is continued from another perspective using structural equation modeling, in which sufficient conditions for the equation to satisfy local asymptotic stability, instability, and global attraction at the zero equilibrium point and sufficient conditions for the existence and instability of nonzero equilibrium points are discussed, respectively. In addition, the paper proves the boundedness of the solutions of the equation by mathematical induction and obtains sufficient conditions to ensure that the solutions are bounded. The intrinsic causes of college students’ psychological problems lie in the lack of social support in the family and outside the family and the influence of the overall social environment on college students. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures based on this research finding from three levels: family, school, and society, giving full play to the role of family support; schools should expand the main body of support, enrich the form of support, and provide comprehensive and multifaceted social support for college students. Finally, the simulation of the equation is carried out to verify the correctness of its conclusion. The rate of mental subhealth is 1.605 times that of college students admitted to ideal universities, which is consistent with our actual situation. At the level of condition guarantee, the hardware facilities, management system, and professional team of mental health education for college students are evaluated; from the specific content, the teaching work, educational activities, psychological counseling, and crisis intervention of mental health education for college students are evaluated; from the perspective of effect, the degree of goal achievement, social adaptation, and result satisfaction of the effect of mental health education for college students are evaluated. The final part analyzes and elaborates on the construction of evaluation indexes of mental health education for college students, the design of weight of guiding indexes, and the content and optimization path of the evaluation test. The results of the study show that personal ability and external pressure are important factors influencing college students’ mental health, and the influence of external pressure is greater. Logistic regression and structural equation modeling methods complement each other, and the findings of structural equation modeling are more comprehensive and integrated, while logistic regression illustrates the degree of each influencing factor.

Influence of external stack pressure on the performance of Li-S pouch cell

The lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cell system is promising to satisfy the increasing need for cost-efficient energy storage with high theoretical energies due to the enormous theoretical gravimetrical capacity and the abundance of sulfur. Furthermore, the technology readiness level of Li-S batteries increased steadily in recent years due to extensive research, as well as the number of reported prototype cells. However, an often ignored test parameter is the application of external pressure to the cell stack. In this study, the influence of external pressure on the performance of Li-S cells is investigated. Therefore, five-layered pouch cells with solvent-free processed cathodes are assembled. These cells are tested under lean electrolyte conditions (electrolyte to sulfur ratio of 4.5 µl mg(S)−1). To evaluate the influence of the used electrolyte system either the state-of-the-art 1,2-dimethoxyethane/1,3-dioxolane electrolyte or the sparing polysulfide solvating hexyl methyl ether/1,3-dioxolane electrolyte is deployed. The impact of pressure application is evaluated electrochemically as well as by post-mortem focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy of the cycled electrodes. Moreover, a technique for infiltration of sulfur into the carbon host matrix is presented, discussed, and successfully implemented.

Experimental study on the effective measurement of the total homogenization temperature of high internal pressure CO<sub>2</sub>-rich fluid inclusions in orogenic gold deposits: A case study of the Yufeng gold deposit, Eastern Tianshan Orogen

形成于中-深成条件下的造山型金矿的成矿流体属于H₂O-NaCl-CO₂体系，金矿化阶段的石英中发育大量的富CO₂流体包裹体。长期以来，用常规冷热台对其进行显微测温热力学研究时，较高的内压力会造成绝大多数CO₂充填度>0.4的包裹体在尚未达到完全均一状态前就发生爆裂或泄露，导致所测的完全均一温度值明显偏离真实值，甚至无法测得完全均一温度，这制约了对造山型金矿床成矿条件的认知。针对该问题，本文以东天山玉峰金矿床富金矿石中的H₂O-NaCl包裹体（A型）和H₂O-NaCl-CO₂包裹体（AC型）为研究对象，介绍了利用最新型热液金刚石压腔（HDAC-VT型号）测试富CO₂高内压的AC型包裹体完全均一温度的实验流程与结果，并将实验数据与Linkam THMSG600冷热台测得的A型、AC型包裹体的完全均一温度进行了对比分析。实验结果表明，热液金刚石压腔能够有效阻止富CO₂流体包裹体在升温过程中发生爆裂、泄露等非弹性体积改变现象的发生，从而获得有效的完全均一温度。同时，本文还提出了一个新的压力-温度拟合线两线相交法，对热液金刚石压腔所测富CO₂流体包裹体的完全均一温度数据进行校正，以最大程度上减少外压力造成的影响，获得更为接近真实成矿流体的完全均一温度。基于此，获得玉峰金矿床的成矿温度和成矿压力分别为312~343℃和181~268 MPa。本文的实验研究工作显示了热液金刚石压腔在中-深成造山型金矿富CO₂成矿流体的研究领域具有重要应用前景。;The ore-forming fluids of orogenic gold deposits normally belong to a H₂O-NaCl-CO₂ system, and there are usually lots of CO₂-rich fluid inclusions hosted in the quartz at the gold mineralization stage. The trapped fluid inclusions in this type of gold deposit usually have high internal pressures since they are formed at a mid-deep depth in the earth's crust. For a long time, almost all researchers carry out the homogeneous thermomechanical properties study on CO₂-rich inclusions (CO₂ phase filling ratio>0.4) under a 1atm pressure condition. However, when the internal pressure is greater than the external confining pressure, the fluid inclusion will be deformed, such as stretching, leakage and decrepitating, which eventually lead to the measured total homogenization temperature (THT) deviate significantly from the actual value, or even cannot be measured. In order to solve these problems, we choose H₂O-NaCl (A-type) and H₂O-NaCl-CO₂ (AC-type) inclusions in quartz minerals from Yufeng orogenic gold deposit in Eastern Tianshan Orogen as the research object to measure their THTs with high internal pressures by using the latest hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell (HDAC; HDAC-VT type). At the same time, this manuscript compares the THTs obtained by a HDAC-VT with those by a Linkam THMSG600 heating-freezing stage. Our experimental results show that the HDAC can effectively prevent the inelastic volume change of CO₂-rich fluid inclusions during heating process, and consequently obtain an effective THT. In order to minimize the influence of external pressure on the measured THTs and obtain more reliable and accurate metallogenic temperatures, we propose a new two pressure-temperature fitting lines intersection method to calibrate the THTs of CO₂-rich fluid inclusions measured by a HDAC. Based on these improvements, the ore-forming temperatures and pressures of the Yufeng gold deposit are estimated to be 312~343℃ and 181~268MPa, respectively. The experimental work in this paper suggests that the HDAC has an important application prospect in the research field of CO₂-rich fluid inclusions from orogenic gold deposits.

RESEARCH OF FUNCTIONING OF ICE-FORMING MEANS OF ACTIVE IMPACT IN REAL CONDITIONS OF APPLICATION

The article is devoted to the study of the processes of functioning of pyrotechnic generators of ice-forming aerosol under conditions as close as possible to the conditions of real cloud-seeding operations. The influence of external pressure on the functioning of a pyrotechnic generator in the dimensions of a PV-26 ejectable flare equipped with a composition according to RU patent No. 2551343 (containing 15 % of an active reagent) under conditions a pressure to 267 mm Hg (corresponds to the maximum height of the use of generators of this type - 8 km). The experiments were carried out in thermal vacuum chambers of the RPA "Typhoon". As a result of the experiments were determined the dependences of the burning rate of the pyrotechnic composition, the change in the content of active ice-forming rea-gents, and the spectral characteristics of the generated aerosol on external pressure. As a extreme case, there is a significant probability of a stop burning of the pyrotechnic composition when using PV-26 ejectable flare at pressures less than 405 mm Hg (corresponds to an altitude of 5 km).

Methodology for calculating rope drums for stability

. The problems of the stability of rope drums are quite urgent. The rope drum is in most cases a thin-walled shell, which, under the influence of external pressure from the rope, can lead to loss of stability. The stability issues of the drum shell, which is loaded with rope turns, are very important, because the safety and reliability of the rope hoist is directly related to them The studies carried out made it possible to obtain a new method for calculating the stability of cylindrical shells, which takes into account not only the length of the shell, but also the rigidity of the connection with the head. In addition, a calculation formula was obtained to determine the critical pressure of the oval shell, which gives a fairly good agreement with the experiments of American scientists. The work also considered the effect of the difference in wall thickness on the critical load of the drum. The studies carried out made it possible to conclude that the parameters of the rope drums make it possible to completely eliminate the need to install rings and stiffeners. Also as a result of research it was found that the shell of the crane drum under the influence of a radial load cannot lose stability. Studies have shown that in all cases the stability margin of the rope drum shell is greater than the strength margin. In this case, the load created by the rope wound on the drum is considered, with the ratios of the radius of the drum and the rope typical for crane construction. In addition, a coefficient was established that takes into account the elasticity of the shell-head joint. The studies carried out have shown that such initial deviations of the drum shell shape as ovality do not give a significant increase in the critical load. The results obtained are quite important, since they allow reducing the metal consumption of the rope drum shell and at the same time ensuring its reliable operation. A decrease in metal consumption is achieved by reducing the thickness of the shell and the absence of the need to install rings and stiffeners. This will lead to a decrease in metal consumption and energy consumption of the crane itself, and also simplifies the technology of manufacturing a rope drum.

High surface area micro-mesoporous graphene for electrochemical applications

The manuscript presents results on the influence of external pressure on graphene exfoliation and subsequent 3D structuring by means of liquid-phase exfoliation. In contrast to known and applied exfoliation methods, the current study exploits the enhancement of splitting forces caused by the application of high pressure. The manufacturing pathway allowed to increase the surface area from 750 m2/g (nanoplatelets) to ca. 1100 m2/g (after 3D structuring). Electrochemical studies revealed that the 3D graphene materials were active in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The outstanding ORR activity of 3D structured graphene materials should not be ascribed to heteroatom catalytic centers since such heteroatoms were successively removed upon increasing the carbonization temperature. XPS data showed that the presence of transition metals and nitrogen (usually regarded as catalytic centers) in G-materials was marginal. The results highlight the importance of structural factors of electrodes in the case of graphene-based materials for Zn–air batteries and ORR.