Problems of modeling elements with shape memory alloys of military equipment

Abstract

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are used in various fields, including military equipment, to create means with autonomous or improved properties. It can be especially useful in structural elements that are capable of self-healing after deformations or damage as a result of explosions, impacts or other loads that occur during military operations.
 SMAs are materials that have the ability to remember and restore the accumulated deformation under certain conditions. This makes them particularly useful in robotics, where they can be used to create moving parts, sensors, actuators and other components.
 One of the main applications of SMA in robotics is the creation of moving elements. For example, they can be used to create bendable segments in jobs that require flexibility and mobility. SMAs can be used to create manipulators that allow a robot to easily move and perform tasks in different environments. One of the most important properties of SMAs is their ability to retain their shape during deformation. This makes them useful for building sensors that can detect differences in the shape of an object. SMAs can be used to create pressure sensors that respond to a change in shape under the influence of external pressure. These sensors can be used to develop robots that can recognize objects and distinguish them by shape. SMA can also be used to create actuators. Actuators are components that convert electrical, mechanical, or other types of energy into motion. SMA are materials that have the ability to remember and restore the accumulated deformation under certain conditions. This is achieved due to the peculiarities of their microstructure and thermoelastic effect. When SMA is subjected to thermal influence in the temperature zone where it can transition between two states: austenitic (higher temperature) and martensitic (lower temperature), under an existing external load, the phase strain increases, and with the degree of load, the temperature of the beginning and end of the emerging of straine changes. Each of these states has its own crystal structure and characteristics determined by its chemical composition. The article considers the issue of taking into account the shift of characteristic temperatures under the influence of an external load of SMA in terms of the synthetic theory of irreversible deformation and proposes a non-linear formula for finding the characteristic temperatures of metals with memory during loading. The obtained ratio was used to find the proportion of the new phase and the rate of formation of the new phase as a function of the magnitude of the external load, the rate of loading, the absolute temperature, the rate of temperature change and the characteristic temperatures in terms of the effective temperature.