Influence Of External Environmental Factors Research Articles

Regional efficiency analysis of fresh food cold chain logistics in China based on three-stage DEA model

PurposeAssessing the efficiency of fresh food cold chain logistics as accurately as possible is essential for industry development planning. This study was designed to analyze the efficiency of fresh food cold chain logistics in China.Design/methodology/approachA three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was used to analyze the efficiency of fresh food cold chain logistics in 30 provinces of China from 2013 to 2019. The stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) model in the second stage was used to eliminate the influence of external environmental factors and random disturbances on efficiency analysis results.Findings(1) The overall actual efficiency of fresh food cold chain logistics in China is unsatisfactory, with an average technical efficiency of 0.382 over the 7-year period. (2) The national average technical efficiency and average scale efficiency were overestimated by 29.9% and 40.0%, respectively, compared with the actual values. (3) The efficiency of fresh food cold chain logistics does not align with the level of regional economic development. (4) Distinct regional variations exist in the efficiency of fresh food cold chain logistics in China, with higher efficiencies observed in Northwest China and the Central Yangtze River regions, and the lowest efficiencies in the northeast regions.Originality/valueThis study applies a three-stage DEA model to assess the development and regional differences of fresh food cold chain logistics in China, enriching the application of models and empirical analysis in this field. By analyzing the situation in China, it provides ideas and references for other developing countries to develop cold chain logistics.

Microplastics: Features of appearance, identification methods (subject review)

Polymer packaging materials have become firmly embedded in our way of life. They are used in the manufacture of household items, as well as in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and automotive industries. Production and application of polymer packaging are expanding rapidly encompassing various spheres of the industry. According to Plastics Europe Market Research Group (PEMRG), global plastics production reached 348 million tons in 2017 and is likely to reach 33 billion tons by 2050. At the same time, about 26 million tons of plastic waste are generated annually on the territory of the European Union (EU), of which only 30% is collected for recycling. Despite this, in many countries of the world, including Russia, more than 50% of polymer materials are disposed of at landfills, where under the influence of external environmental factors (temperature, humidity), their destruction occurs with the formation of huge quantities of micro- and nanoplastics. Most people do not consider the environmental problems associated with microplastics to be serious. However, many studies aimed at in-depth study of this problem have proved that micro- and nanoplastics have significant negative effects on terrestrial and marine animals, as well as on human health, whether directly or indirectly. The identification of microplastics in various model environments and living systems is usually based on the use of infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectrophotometry. Each of the methods has its advantages and disadvantages, mainly related to sample preparation to improve the accuracy of identification. This review is devoted to the problem of formation and identification of microplastics in various natural objects.

Quantitative simulation and validation of energy carbon emission efficiency changes in Chinese urban agglomerations

In the context of the global energy dilemma, enhancing energy efficiency has inevitably become a pivotal strategy for mitigating energy waste and promoting sustainable development. Urban agglomerations, as growth poles leading high-quality regional economic development, play a significant role in this process. Within these urban agglomerations, the aggregation of various factors and the substitution of energy resources substantially influence the energy carbon emission efficiency (ECEE) of surrounding cities during their development and maturation phases. This study initially employs a three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to quantitatively analyze the ECEE values of 19 urban agglomerations from 2006 to 2020. It then establishes a methodology for calculating the joint intensity (JI) and joint threshold (JT) of ECEE within these urban agglomerations. Finally, a validation process is executed using MATLAB simulation and verification methodology to fit and authenticate the evolutionary patterns of ECEE in Chinese urban agglomerations. The primary objective of this research is to model the evolution of ECEE, thereby exploring the sustainable development pathways for urban agglomerations in China. The research findings indicate that: (1) The results from the three-stage DEA demonstrate that, after removing the influences of external environmental factors and random errors, the comprehensive technical efficiency (TE) of energy carbon emissions for the 19 urban agglomerations in China experienced a wave-like increase, rising from 0.410 to 0.506 between 2006 and 2020. (2) The calculation results of the constructed JI model indicate that the JT values of ECEE for national-level, regional-level, and local-level urban agglomerations are 1006.92, 226.60, and 160.14, respectively. The national-level urban agglomerations have significantly higher JT values and JI than the other two levels of urban agglomerations. (3) The results of the Matlab simulation verification show that 16 urban agglomerations fit well with the wave-like ascending evolutionary pattern. However, four urban agglomerations exhibit an opposite fitting effect due to the influence of their pillar industries or the small number of cities within these accumulations, making them unrepresentative. Consequently, the evolutionary curve of ECEE in Chinese urban agglomerations generally exhibits a wave-like upward trend over time.

Design of a Simulation and Evaluation System for Athlete Technical and Tactical Training Based on Virtual Reality Technology

In order to avoid the influence of external environmental factors on athletes’ physical fitness and technical tactics, the author proposes the design and research of an integrated simulation training system for athletes’ physical fitness and technical tactics based on virtual reality. The hardware unit of the design system includes a 3D scanner module, VR glasses module, locator module, tracker module, and wireless transceiver device. The software module introduces virtual reality technology and designs a visual simulation module, trained object detection module, trained object tracking module, and overall control module. The simulation experiment results show that compared with existing systems, the training scene output clarity and frame rate of the designed system are better, and the thread switching time and signal mixing time are shorter, which fully proves that the designed system has higher operating efficiency and better application performance.

The study of stabilizing food enzymes using b-cyclodextrins

Background: Today, biologically active additives, which contain hydrolytic enzymes (amylase, lipase, protease), are widely used in the digestive industry. These enzymes are often obtained from animal and vegetable raw materials, -for example, from the pancreas of a reindeer, the Fabricius bag of chickens, and Medusomyces Gisevii Lindau (Kombucha). However, in obtaining enzymes, the activity of amylase and lipase may decrease due to active forms --of proteases. Objective: The main goal of this research work was to evaluate the stabilizing effect of nanostructures–cyclodextrins on the activity of hydrolytic enzymes (protease, amylase, lipase) obtained from animal raw material (chicken bursa of Fabricius) and microorganism cultures (Kombucha). Identify the relationship at which the negative influence of external environmental factors is leveled and, as a result, enzymatic activity is maintained for a certain period of time. Methods: The protein concentration in the solution was determined using the Lowry method. A modified method by Rukhlyadiva was used to determine the amylolytic activity. The definition of lipolytic activity is based on modified Shibabi-Bishop method. To determine the amylolytic activity, a modified method by Rukhlyadiva was used. Results: The relationship between b-cyclodextrin and enzymes was determined, at which enzymatic activity is maintained for a certain period. Conclusion: Thus, cyclodextrins in solution stabilizes the activity of proteases, amylases, and lipases, which is of great practical importance in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: kombucha, pancreas, enzymes, amylase, lipase, protease, cyclodextrins

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban public transportation: Seasonal influences and variations

The present work aims to analyze the information related to the organic pollutants present inside the public transport units of León Guanajuato, Mexico, along winter, spring and fall seasons. Through the application of different selection criteria, a database was generated that allowed the analysis of the different selected pollutants and determine their behavior throughout the spring, autumn and winter seasons. These analyzes were carried out using different statistical tools like ANOVA, PCA, and correlation network maps. At least 23 compounds were selected as common pollutants along all the seasons, including aromatics, aliphatic, halogenated, polycyclic, and compounds with heteroatoms species. Results showed that the concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds s such as hexane (1.5–3.0 µg/m³), dichlorobenzene (2.0–4.5 µg m−3), and toluene (5.0–12.0 µg m−3) varied significantly across the seasons, with higher levels observed in winter. The study highlights the influence of external environmental factors on indoor air quality within public transport units proven through statistical analysis. The results allowed to mention that the concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds can vary significantly in different season along the year, as well as that the main pollutants vary according to the season, of which there are compounds that are only present during these periods.

Complications of Preterm Birth-The Importance of Care for the Outcome: A Narrative Review.

Preterm-born children are susceptible to problems of adaptation in the early neonatal period, as well as the emergence of consequences due to the immaturity of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and especially cerebrovascular systems. The authors searched PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for articles that were available in their entirety and published in English between 1990 and 2024 in peer-reviewed journals using keywords relevant to the manuscript topic. Analyzing the requested studies and manuscripts, adequate articles describing the stated problem were used. The last trimester of pregnancy is the most important period in brain development. Brain growth is at its most intense, and nerve cells are created, multiply, and migrate, creating numerous connections between them and receptors. During this period, the baby is protected from the influence of external environmental factors. When a baby is born, it leaves its protected environment and very often requires intensive treatment to survive. In these circumstances, the immature nervous system, which is in a sensitive stage of development, is overloaded with numerous external stimuli, continuous light, noise, inappropriate positioning, and repeated painful reactions due to necessary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and the unavoidable absence of the mother and the family, which cause stress that threatens proper programmed development. Minimally invasive therapeutic procedures and the presence of parents during hospitalization play a significant role in reducing the consequences for a premature child.

Study on current carrying capacity calculation model for dynamic capacity increase of carbon fiber reinforced composite core conductor

Abstract With the “dual-carbon” as the goal of the new power system construction gradually in-depth, transmission lines must have energy-saving capacity for the direction of development. A new type of large-capacity overhead transmission conductor is the carbon fiber reinforced composite core (CFCC) conductor. The conductor has high capacity, low loss, high-temperature resistance, low high-temperature sag, and other characteristics. It is one of the key technologies and equipment applied to the transformation of old overhead transmission lines to enhance its capacity. At the same time, it can also realize the dynamic transmission capacity regulation of the overhead line. The application of the prospect is very promising. The accurate assessment and calculation model for the conductor’s allowable current carrying capacity is the key core technical problem of the overhead transmission line dynamic capacity increase capability. The paper establishes a maximum allowable current capacity calculation model for carbon fiber-reinforced composite core conductors based on Morgan’s formula. The results of the load flow calculation are compared with the actual load flow test results to verify the calculation model, and the maximum error is 3.59%, which proves the reliability of the calculation model. On this basis, the influence of external environmental factors (ambient temperature, sunlight intensity, wind speed, and direction) on the maximum allowable current capacity of the conductor is discussed. The correlation coefficient of the model is analyzed.

Molecular and radiocarbon constraints on the fate of sedimentary organic carbon in a human-impacted river-dominated ocean margin

Organic carbon (OC) burial in river-dominated ocean margins plays a pivotal role in the global carbon cycle, impacting atmospheric CO2 levels over the long term. Despite its significance, uncertainties persist regarding the influence of external environmental factors and intrinsic properties on sedimentary OC. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of surface sediments from the East China Sea, examining geochemical properties (including total OC content [TOC], Δ14C, δ13C, and C/N ratio), terrestrial biomarkers (n-alkanes), and mineral properties (such as specific surface area, Al/Si ratio, and mineral composition). Our aim was to shed light on the fate of sedimentary OC.The surface sediment's Δ14C values displayed significant spatial heterogeneity, delineating four distinct sub-regions. Strong positive correlations (all p < 0.01) were found between the ∆14C values and fine-grained sediments, specific surface area, and clay minerals, suggesting the potentially pivotal role of mineral protection in shaping the fate of sedimentary OC. The proportion of terrestrial OC gradually decreased towards the south, while marine OC proportion increased, corresponding to the enrichment of Δ14C. The co-variation of Δ14C values, mineral properties, and OC source proportions suggests that terrestrial OC may undergo progressive replacement by marine OC during southward transport. Temporal variations in ∆14C values indicated that seabed erosion led to a significant increase in ∆14C values (p < 0.01) in the coastal mud belt, a phenomenon likely common in river-dominated ocean margins globally due to the new sediment cycle during the Anthropocene.

Efficiency evaluation of China's transportation system considering carbon emissions: Evidence from big data analytics methods

China's transportation sector is a vital link between production and consumption, but it also has issues with low efficiency, high carbon emissions, and technological bottlenecks. To improve efficiency and provide actionable recommendations and strategies, this study first constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system to gauge the transportation sector's inputs using panel data from different Chinese provinces from 2007 to 2021. Within the assessment system, the principal component analysis (PCA) method is used to reduce the dimension of the indexes, thereby yielding a set of adjusted inputs. Subsequently, the transportation system efficiency (TSE) is evaluated using the super-efficiency SBM-DEA model, which includes unexpected outputs such as carbon emissions, and three-stage DEA modifies the efficiency. Then, we calculate the Malmquist-Luenberger index (TML) and its components: technological change (TTC) and technological efficiency change (TEC). Lastly, the influential factors impacting TSE are analyzed via a truncated regression Tobit model. The following are the conclusions: (1) The transportation industry in China exhibits inefficiency, and the average TSE in Stage I and III is 0.91 and 0.93, respectively. TSE is underestimated due to the influence of external environmental factors and inefficiencies in management in Stage I. (2) TSE in the eastern area also produces significant carbon emissions that surpass the national average. At the same time, other regions face efficiency limitations due to geographical constraints and management obstacles. (3) Insufficient technical capacity is a major cause of inefficiency in the transport sector and is prevalent in the northeast, west, and central regions. (4) Population growth and income per capita advancements foster transportation industry development, while increased GDP, fiscal revenues, and traffic accidents contribute to declining efficiency. The study above findings serve as a foundation for regional and national management initiatives and policies to enhance transportation effectiveness.

Progress and evolution of hotspots in butterfly diversity research in green spaces.

Ecosystems depend on biodiversity; therefore, protecting biodiversity is beneficial for the development of ecosystems. Butterflies are indicator species that respond quickly to environmental changes and reflect environmental conditions. Butterfly diversity is a crucial evaluation indicator of habitat quality in green spaces. We used CiteSpace and Bibliometrix to conduct a bibliometric analysis of research relating to butterfly diversity in green spaces. Based on 538 papers published from 2002-2022, we systematically reviewed the status, frontiers, and hotspots for research on butterfly diversity in green spaces. Our results showed that: (1) Research on butterfly diversity in green spaces has consistently demonstrated an upward trend between 2002-2022. Studies on this subject have garnered attention from researchers worldwide, with notable interest and contributions from scholars in the United States. (2) Early studies focused on butterfly habitat preferences and extinction concerns, and later articles appeared on the influence of external environmental factors (land use, climate change, plants, etc.). (3) Three main research topics received much attention between 2002 and 2022: biodiversity conservation, butterfly habitats, and the relationship between butterfly diversity and its influencing factors. (4) The relationship between green spaces and butterfly diversity (landscape features, vegetation features, and human activities) was discussed; these factors on butterfly communities should be considered in the planning and constructing of future green spaces. (5) Two significant future directions have been identified: more research on the impact of external factors and a need for more technical integration with the big data field. Future research on butterfly diversity in green spaces should adopt a more multi-scale, multi-disciplinary approach and aim to enhance the practicality and guidance of research findings.

INTERIOR ROOM INFLUENCE ON THE DEFENCE FROM LASER ACOUSTIC INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS

One of the most vulnerable issues in the technical protection of information is the acquisition of private or confidential data due to leakage through the optoelectronic channel. Today, the most promising area of protection of speech information from laser acoustic intelligence systems is development of passive protection methods. The work is devoted to the influence study of interior elements in the room on the protection of language information from LAIS, that can be implemented effectively and with minimal costs at the design stage in order to comfortably conduct confidential negotiations. On the basis of the conducted research, a systematic approach to determining the security of premises against the leakage of language information by an optoelectronic channel is proposed, which includes technical, interior, technological and design solutions that will help ensure the protection of language information from laser acoustic intelligence systems. Detecting the penetration of laser radiation into the room is solved with the help of the following technical solutions: use of solar panels and lighting sensors, geometry of the arrangement of glass in window frames, application of special coatings. Detection of the influence of room elements on the probing beam is provided with the help of interior solutions: use of materials with a high attenuation coefficient and their location in the room, use of appropriate coloring and composition of absorbing surfaces. Detection of the effect of the masking ability of various glass types is achieved with the help of technological solutions: use of glass with different relief and scattering ability, use of relief protective films. Detection of the impact of room shielding is achieved with the help of design solutions: interior design, taking into account the size and location of windows and their soundproofing characteristics. The direction of further research is the study of the influence of external environmental factors on the acquisition of language information by laser acoustic intelligence systems.

Методические основы и особенности обеспечения экономической безопасности унитарных и казенных предприятий

The importance of the functions performed by state-owned enterprises, in modern conditions, dictates the need to increase their economic security. However, the influence of external environmental factors causes the growth of their production potential as a means of ensuring the security of data elements of organizations, which forms the author's scientific and practical interest.

Post-occupancy evaluation of thermal comfort at studio classroom in hot and humid climate

Thermal comfort is crucial in providing a productive learning environment, especially in the design studio classroom with a longer lecture duration (09.00-15.00). This study aims to investigate the thermal performance ability to provide thermal comfort for its users in a design studio classroom at Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Ninety-one students (20% Male, 80% Woman) aged 19-22 years old were surveyed about their thermal perspective by using TSV, TP, HSV, HP, metabolic rate (MET), and clothing insulation (clo). Field measurement recorded humidity and temperature conditions over two lecture periods. The indoor operative temperature for periods A and B was 27.28°C and 26.78°C, respectively, with TSV values in both periods within the comfort temperature range (mean: (A) -0.30, (B) -0.58). However, TP values suggest that the users prefer a slightly cooler condition with values of -1.53 and -1.12, respectively, for Periods A and B. The results show that studio classrooms can perform thermally well even though some users prefer slightly cooler temperatures. This study scored the necessity of understanding both subjective and objective aspects of thermal comfort to create an optimal learning environment. Findings suggest that further study should consider variations in individual preferences and the influence of external environmental factors.

Multi-Objective Prediction of Integrated Energy System Using Generative Tractive Network

Accurate load forecasting can bring economic benefits and scheduling optimization. The complexity and uncertainty arising from the coupling of different energy sources in integrated energy systems pose challenges for simultaneously predicting multiple target load sequences. Existing data-driven methods for load forecasting in integrated energy systems use multi-task learning to address these challenges. When determining the input data for multi-task learning, existing research primarily relies on data correlation analysis and considers the influence of external environmental factors in terms of feature engineering. However, such feature engineering methods lack the utilization of the characteristics of multi-target sequences. In leveraging the characteristics of multi-target sequences, language generation models trained on textual logic structures and other sequence features can generate synthetic data that can even be applied to self-training to improve model performance. This provides an idea for feature engineering in data-driven time-series forecasting models. However, because time-series data are different from textual data, existing transformer-based language generation models cannot be directly applied to generating time-series data. In order to consider the characteristics of multi-target load sequences in integrated energy system load forecasting, this paper proposed a generative tractive network (GTN) model. By selectively utilizing appropriate autoregressive feature data for temporal data, this model facilitates feature mining from time-series data. This model is capable of analyzing temporal data variations, generating novel synthetic time-series data that align with the intrinsic temporal patterns of the original sequences. Moreover, the model can generate synthetic samples that closely mimic the variations in the original time series. Subsequently, through the integration of the GTN and autoregressive feature data, various prediction models are employed in case studies to affirm the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

Evaluation and spatial convergence of carbon emission reduction efficiency in China's power industry: Based on a three-stage DEA model with game cross-efficiency

Reducing carbon emissions is essential for achieving sustainable development in China. In this study, we developed a framework for measuring carbon emission reduction considering both thermal power and clean energy generation perspectives. Subsequently, we constructed a three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with game cross-efficiency to eliminate the influence of external environmental factors, random factors, and regional competition. Thereafter, we calculated the carbon emission reduction efficiencies (CEREs) of the power industries of 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2020. Based on this, we conducted temporal and spatial analyses of the carbon emission reduction amount (CERA), evaluated CERE, compared different DEA models, and assessed spatial convergence effects. The evaluation results of CERE across 30 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions in China showed that: (1) although China's CERA increased, substantial regional differences exist in the carbon emission reduction structure. (2) The overall average CERE ranged from 0.485 to 0.737. Since 2016, the highest CERE values have been observed in southwest China, followed by the eastern coastal and central regions, while the northwestern region experienced notable fluctuations. (3) The three-stage DEA model with game cross-efficiency, which eliminates the influence of competition and external environmental factors, can be used to accurately measure CERE. (4) CERE has a spatial convergence effect on China's power industry and is promoted by energy structure, upgrading of industrial structure and government interventions. These findings provide important insights for optimizing the carbon emissions reduction structure and improving CERE.

Autophagy and apoptosis: regulatory factors of chondrocyte phenotype transition in osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the main pathogenic factor in diseases that cause joint deformities. As the main manifestation of the progress of OA, cartilage degradation has been closely associated with the degeneration of chondrocytes, which is induced by inflammatory factors and other trauma factors. Autophagy and apoptosis are the main mechanisms for cells to maintain homeostasis and play crucial roles in OA. Under the influence of external environmental factors (such as aging and injury), the metabolism of cells can be altered, which may affect the extent of autophagy and apoptosis. With the progression of OA, these changes can alter the cell phenotypes, and the cells of different phenotypes display distinct differences in morphology and function. In this review, we have summarized the alteration in cell metabolism, autophagy, and the extent of apoptosis during OA progression and its effects on the cell phenotypes to provide new ideas for further research on the mechanisms of phenotypic transition and therapeutic strategies so as to reverse the cell phenotypes.

Research on the Efficiency of Cross-Region Scientific and Technological Innovation Resources Allocation in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle

Analyzing the efficiency of cross-region scientific and technological innovation resources allocation in Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle is helpful to understand the achievements in the construction of economic circle and development trend, and it is great significance to important growth pole for promoting the high-quality development of Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle. Applying the method of three-stage DEA, combined with the input-output data of scientific and technological innovation resources in 44 regions of Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle from 2014 to 2019, this paper studies the allocation efficiency and influencing factors of scientific and technological innovation resources in this region during this period. Results indicate that: Firstly, after excluding the influence of external environmental factors, the average allocation efficiency of scientific and technological innovation resources in Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle changes little from year to year and is at a low level. The allocation efficiency composition of each region is generally characterized by high pure technical efficiency and low scale efficiency. Secondly, the improvement of the degree of opening to the outside world and the level of education investment is conducive to the improvement of the allocation efficiency of scientific and technological innovation resources, while the improvement of the level of economic development and the adjustment of industrial structure have not effectively driven the improvement of the allocation efficiency of scientific and technological innovation resources to a certain extent.

Research on the Relationship between Undergraduate Major and Income

With the increase of the number of college graduates, the scale has gradually exceeded 10 million. With the influence of external environmental factors, more and more college students are facing employment problems, which has become the focus of social attention. This paper mainly uses the method of data analysis to explore the changes in the income of Chinese college students in the past five years. The researcher will discuss the differences in professional income caused by different factors such as professional division, year, university level, gender and region. Based on the project data of MyCOS's "MyCOS 2021 Employment Report for Chinese College Students," this research conducts an empirical analysis of the influencing factors of the monthly starting salary income of undergraduates. The results show that gender, major category, university level, gender and university location all affect the monthly income of college students six months after graduation to some extent.

Research on the Influence Mechanism of Media Supervision on Audit Fees

As an informal external governance mechanism, media supervision is known as the "fourth party right" independent of the legislative, judicial and administrative systems, and plays the role of "economic police". Its corporate governance effect has been unanimously recognized by scholars at home and abroad. Audit fees have always been a hot issue in the field of finance. There are many factors that affect audit fees, from the characteristics of companies and firms to risk factors such as corporate governance, and then to the external environment. At present, formal external environmental mechanisms such as laws and regulations and government supervision are considered in the study of the influence of external environmental factors on audit fees. Based on the audit contract theory and signal transmission theory, the "agenda-setting" theory of journalism and communication, the "bedding effect" and "framework" theory of psychology as the analytical framework, this paper uses the controllable accrued profit as the measurement index of audit quality, and studies the mechanism of media supervision on the audit quality from the perspective of negative media reports and media supervision environment, as well as the impact of media supervision on the audit quality of auditor changes. The research shows that the degree of negative media coverage of listed companies and the media supervision environment are positively correlated with audit quality.