Influence Of Electromagnetic Field Research Articles

Advanced fuel fusion, phase space engineering, and structure-preserving geometric algorithms

Non-thermal advanced fuel fusion trades the requirement of a large amount of recirculating tritium in the system for that of large recirculating power. Phase space engineering technologies utilizing externally injected electromagnetic fields can be applied to meet the challenge of maintaining non-thermal particle distributions at a reasonable cost. The physical processes of the phase space engineering are studied from a theoretical and algorithmic perspective. It is emphasized that the operational space of phase space engineering is limited by the underpinning symplectic dynamics of charged particles. The phase space incompressibility according to the Liouville theorem is just one of many constraints, and Gromov's non-squeezing theorem determines the minimum footprint of the charged particles on every conjugate phase space plane. In this sense and level of sophistication, the mathematical abstraction of phase space engineering is symplectic topology. To simulate the processes of phase space engineering, such as the Maxwell demon and electromagnetic energy extraction, and to accurately calculate the minimum footprints of charged particles, recently developed structure-preserving geometric algorithms can be used. The family of algorithms conserves exactly, on discretized spacetime, symplecticity and thus incompressibility, non-squeezability, and symplectic capacities. The algorithms apply to the dynamics of charged particles under the influence of external electromagnetic fields as well as the charged particle–electromagnetic field system governed by the Vlasov–Maxwell equations.

Influence of Magnetic Polarization on Diagrams of Inductive and Electromagnetic Logs

Abstract ––We present the results of the study of the effect of induced magnetic polarization of clay beds under the influence of an external harmonic electromagnetic field (frequencies 70 and 875 kHz). A two-stage numerical modeling procedure is proposed. At the first stage we determine the effective relative magnetic permeability of a synthetic sample with inclusions of clay particles. In this case a 3D heterogeneous mesh sample is generated. Then we numerically model a spatial distribution of an electric field. The electromotive force (EMF) induced in the measuring coil is calculated from this distribution. Relative magnetic permeability is determined by comparison with EMF of homogeneous samples with different values of magnetic permeability. It has been found that during the electric field excitation by an alternating current coil, the effect of induced magnetic polarization appears in the sample with clay particles. Its manifestation is that the effective magnetic permeability becomes complex. At the second stage we calculate the EMF diagram of the three-coil logging probe in the macro-model ‘clay cap – reservoir’. Magnetic permeability of the clay cap is given by a complex value. In the generated logs, extremes appear in the vicinity of the bottom of the clay cap; they do not correspond to the distribution of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability in the given model. They can be incorrectly interpreted when analyzing real logs into individual formations. Numerical modeling at all stages is performed by the Vector Finite Element Method on a consistent adaptive tetrahedral partition and the first-order Webb vector basis.

Моделирование влияния электромагнитных полей на микросхемы

The article examines the influence of electromagnetic fields on radiation effects in microcircuits, describes the influence of electromagnetic fields depending on the distance from the center of the explosion, and evaluates the degree of protection of microcircuits. Assessments of the impact of electromagnetic fields created by gamma radiation on CMOS microcircuits are considered, the physical process, a mathematical model of the occurrence of leakage current, charge loss, transistor switching speed and electronic mobility are described. The methods of protecting CMOS semiconductors from the effects of electromagnetic fields are considered: shielding, reducing the power and frequency of radiation, and compensation for the effects. Both the physical basis and the mathematical model of the parameters for shielding are considered: attenuation coefficient and shielding efficiency. The main method of protecting microcircuits from electromagnetic fields is determined using shielding, reducing the power and frequency of radiation, as well as compensating for exposure. The article describes the mathematical and algorithmic models on the basis of which a computer model was built to assess the impact of the electromagnetic field on CMOS semiconductors. The assessment of the reliability of the chip security assessment is based on a computer experiment built using a program written in the C# programming language. The result was data from an analysis of protection from the effects of an electromagnetic field on CMOS semiconductors for distances from the epicenter of the explosion at a distance of 10 to 100 km with a step of 10 km.

The search for new pathogenesis of cardiorenal syndrome: the effect of local Schumann resonance on the occurrence of episodes of kidney disease and myocardial infarction

Background. The pandemic of noncommunicable chronic diseases and the high prevalence of combined damage to the cardiovascular system and kidneys determine the relevance of continuing scientific research to solve these medical problems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the influence of the Earth’s electromagnetic field on the occurrence of episodes of kidney disease and myocardial infarction in order to search for new pathogenetic components of cardiorenal syndrome and deepen fundamental knowledge. According to the Lithuanian magnetometer GCI003, a number of stu­dies in 2014–2018 found that changes in the Earth’s electromagnetic field may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases as well as their incidence. Since the functioning of the cardiovascular system and kidneys are closely connected through the metabolic processes of the cardiorenal metabolic axis, this study tested the hypothesis that changes in the Earth’s electromagnetic field may also affect the pathogenesis of kidney disease as the changes of local magnetic field have been shown to influence the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Materials and methods. This was a search retrospective study on the relationship between the influence of local Schumann resonances and the occurrence of hospitalizations in 1340 patients with kidney disease. It also examined the relationship between local Schumann resonances and heart attacks in patients admitted to the University Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (703 patients). Mean power of local magnetic field fluctuations in Lithuania was measured in pT2 s2 in five different frequency ranges, which overlaps the Schumann resonance and electroencephalogram’s frequency ranges: SDelta (0–3.5 Hz), STheta (3.5–7 Hz), SAlpha (7–15 Hz), SBeta (15–32 Hz), SGamma (32–66 Hz). The data of hospitalizations to the Nephrology Department of University Hospital and the dynamics of Schumann resonances were analyzed from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021. The data of hospitalizations for myocardial infarction to the Cardiology Department of University Hospital and the dynamics of Schumann resonances were studied from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016. Results. It was found that changes in the strength of the Earth’s local magnetic field in 2016 and 2021 were comparable and corresponded to the characteristic annual dynamics of the Earth’s local electromagnetic fields. This made it possible to conduct a comparative analysis of annual correlation graphs and establish general trends in the dynamics of indicators and graphical similarities. It confirmed the pre­sence of a general dependence of reactions to the external electromagnetic field of the Earth in female and male patients both with nephrological pathology and myocardial infarction. In nephrological patients of both sexes, all correlation coefficients in all ranges of Schumann resonances were positive. The only negative correlation coefficient P5 (SGamma) [32; 65] Hz (r = –0.069; p = 0.313) was in the female group. This fact as well as the presence of a significant dynamics of the correlation coefficient P5 (SGamma) [32; 65] Hz (r = 0.009; p = 0.475) in the male group indicate that higher magnetic field strength in this frequency range may be associated with a reduced incidence of kidney disease. We obtained data that a higher magnetic field intensity in the gamma range from 32 to 65 Hz as a pathogenetic component can contribute to the destabilization of the cardiovascular system, but at the same time it is associated with a positive effect on the state of nephrological pathology. Based on this, we can tentatively assume the opposite direction of the Earth’s electromagnetic field influence on the pathogenetic mechanisms of renal and cardiovascular diseases. This is clearly demonstrated by comparing the correlation coefficients between the incidence of kidney disease and the occurrence of myocardial infarction in men and women. The Earth’s stronger magnetic field in the gamma range contributes to an increase in the incidence of myocardial infarction, which is confirmed by the large number of patients during this period. Under these same conditions, a decrease in the incidence of kidney disease has been detected. This opposite direction is observed in both sexes. But in women the reaction is stronger, which is confirmed by a larger difference in correlation coefficients. Conclusions. 1. Changes in the Earth’s electromagnetic field are related to the functional state of the cardiovascular system and the condition of the kidneys. 2. It can be assumed that the effect of the Earth’s electromagnetic field on the pathogenetic mechanisms of kidney disease is in the opposite direction of that on the cardiovascular one. 3. Reliable gender differences in correlations between the influence of changes in the local Schumann resonance on the functional state of the cardiovascular system and kidneys were not found. 4. The connection of the Earth’s local geomagnetic field with kidney function may be another new unexplored pathogenetic mechanism in cardiorenal syndrome and noncommunicable chronic diseases.

Conditions of acceleration and deceleration of the cancer cell growth under osmotic pressure.

In this paper, we study a pattern formation in the epidermal layer of skin during tumor development and appearance of a binary surface consisting of healthy and cancer cells forming Turing patterns under external osmotic pressure. The basic methodology of introducing the external influences, for example, time-targeted drug therapy or radiation exposure, influence of electromagnetic fields, laser radiation or other tumor-targeting physical influences act differently in different phases of the cell cycle. In some cases, this can lead to a slowdown in the growth of cancer cells, and sometimes vice versa. Therefore, it is of particular interest to choose the right parameters such as starting time of external pressure, its magnitude and duration depending on the cell cycle of developing cancer cells. We propose a biologically inspired model that allows us to simulate the growth of cancer cells under conditions of osmotic pressure. We divide this growth into two phases. The first is characterized by active cell division, and the second by their growth. In this article, we introduce two types of pressure: short-term and long-term, and looked at what this leads to in different phases. We have found an interesting result, that there are some resonant points in time both in the first and second phases, when the introduction of additional pressure leads to the most significant slowdown in the growth of cancer cells.

Changes in the stability of coal microstructure under the influence of weak electromagnetic fields

The article presents experimental results of research concerning the action of weak electric and magnetic fields on physicochemical transformations in samples of hard coal with a previously destabilized microstructure. The actions of electric and magnetic fields are fundamentally different by many parameters. It has been shown that after treatment with a weak electric field, coal posted an electret potential with an anomalously continuous charge relaxation. Compared to untreated coal samples, the rate of methane emission from methane-saturated samples is maximum for long-flame coal and decreases as it approaches anthracite. The electric field stimulates the grinding of microparticles, a decrease in the maximum gas outlet temperature, a decrease in the enthalpy value in the formation of a new phase, and an increase in the chemical activity of treated coal samples. Fundamentally different results were obtained with magnetic stimulation of coals. In X-ray diffractograms of coal powders after magnetic treatment, the values of the maxima of the main peaks are the largest in comparison with the original samples and those treated with an electric field, which is consistent with an increase in the size of microparticles in a magnetic field. There is an increase in the heat of combustion and a decrease (by 5 times) in the loss of coal mass during heating.

Effect of an electromagnetic field generated by power infrastructure on the spatial orientation of developing sea trout embryos Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758

In recent decades, rapid technological advancements have led to a growing influence of anthropogenic electromagnetic fields on aquatic ecosystems. These fields predominantly stem from energy infrastructure facilities such as wind farms, high-voltage lines, underwater transmission cables, and power plants. As a result, there has been increasing interest in understanding the effects of heightened electromagnetic fields on aquatic ecosystems and their inhabitants, including developing fertilized eggs. This study focused on examining the effects of electromagnetic fields generated by high-voltage lines and power transformers, which are integral to transmission nodes and power plants, on the directional axis of symmetry in sea trout Salmo trutta (Linnaeus, 1758) embryos and their survival rates. The research was carried out at “PGE Dolna Odra in Nowy Czarnów”, one of Poland’s largest power plants (53°12′34′′ N, 014°28′16′′ E). Two experimental sites were selected, with electromagnetic field values ranging from 1.36 to 5.28 μT at the first site and 8.97 to 14.18 μT at the second site. A control sample was also established in an area unaffected by anthropogenic electromagnetic fields. The study findings revealed that electromagnetic fields originating from energy infrastructure facilities significantly affect the spatial orientation of sea trout embryos. The embryos’ response was influenced to be influenced by both the strength and direction of the electromagnetic fields. At the first test site, lower field values caused deviations from the natural alignment axis in the geomagnetic field (north-south), resulting in a shift towards the primary field source. In contrast, the second test site, with higher electromagnetic field values, showed no significant spatial orientation in embryo alignment. Additionally, the study highlighted that higher electromagnetic field values accelerated the rate of embryogenesis but also led to an increased mortality rate among sea trout embryos.

Thermally stressed state of the layer under the influence of currents periodic with respect to the longitudinal coordinate

To evaluate the impact of the important non-uniformity technological factor of the external electric current distribution on the low-temperature heating parameters of flat ferrite elements, taking into account the stressed state (strength characteristics), a model problem is considered to determine and study the thermomechanical behavior of the ferrite layer under the influence of a quasi-steady electromagnetic field created by the current flowing in the current-carrying plane, the density of which changes sinusoidally along the longitudinal coordinate. In accordance with the earlier results regarding the dependence of the heating process on the frequency of external electromagnetic influence, it is accepted that the circular carrier frequency of the electromagnetic field is outside the vicinity of the resonant ones (when the thermally stressed state has an almost quasi-static character). In this case, the calculation scheme consists of three stages for sequentially determining the parameters that describe the electromagnetic, temperature, and mechanical fields.

Intramolecular rate-constant calculations based on the correlation function using temperature dependent quantum Green's functions.

A theoretical method for calculating rate constants for internal conversion (IC), intersystem crossing (ISC) and radiative (R) electronic transitions is presented. The employed method uses temperature-dependent quantum Green's functions, which give the opportunity to consider almost any nth-order polynomial perturbation operator and the influence of external electromagnetic fields on the rate constants. The rate constants of the IC, ISC and R processes are calculated for two important indocyanine molecules namely indocyanine green (ICG) and heptamethine cyanine (IR808) at the Franck-Condon level using the temperature-dependent quantum Green's function approach. Calculations at the time-dependent density functional theory level with the MN15 functional show that ICG and IR808 have only one triplet state below the S1 state. The main deactivation channel of the S1 state is the IC process with a large (kIC(S1 → S0)) rate constant of ∼109-1011 s-1. The estimated quantum yield of fluorescence (φfl) is ∼0.001-0.24 for the two studied molecules, which agrees rather well with experimental values. Thus, the present approach enables calculations of the three kinds of rate constants and the quantum yield of fluorescence using the same computational methodology.

Grain Seed Treatment by a Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field

The paper notes the potential for enhancing seed productivity through exposure to an electromagnetic field. It touches upon both theoretical and practical considerations for developing an experimental laboratory plant for pre-sowing seed treatment using a low-frequency electromagnetic field and aiming to achieve a magnetobiological effect. (Research purpose) The study aims to investigate the influence of low-frequency electromagnetic field on the composition and properties of grain seeds. (Materials and methods) Standard emitters, characterized by a magnetic induction variability of 3-75 millitesla and a radiation frequency of 1-100 Hertz, were employed to ensure the necessary treatment parameters for a batch of seeds. (Results and discussion) The study investigates the impact of magnetization on the germination process, germination energy, and the physical and chemical properties of seeds subjected to different parameters of a low-frequency electromagnetic field (ranging from 3 to 75 millitesla in magnetic induction and a radiation frequency of 10-16 Hertz).The quality of the effect was analyzed with respect to the installation parameters and seed mass, ranging from 10 to 500 grams, across various cereal crops. Subsequently, specific modes were identified, and a functional irradiation program was devised to ensure a highly effective impact on seeds, optimizing their germination, sprouting and development. (Conclusions) The impact of a low-frequency electromagnetic field on the composition and properties of grain has been studied. An experimental laboratory plant with sources of a low-frequency electromagnetic field has been developed and irradiation modes have been justified. The pre-sowing treatment of an industrial batch, the magnetobiological effect is contingent upon several factors, including the crop type and variety, activation of a biological complex in a cell that initiates the development of a seedling, seed quality and moisture content, the presence of microorganisms on the surface, pathogenic ones included, and the characteristics of irradiation sources and energy parameters. The parameters of the low-frequency electromagnetic field were determined as follows: magnetic induction ranging from 3 to 75 millitesla, a frequency 10-16 Hertz, and seed weight varying from 10 to 500 grams. These identified parameters will be applied in the development of an industrial unit designed for the preparation of seed material and enhancement of its sowing properties.

Influence of Electromagnetic Field on Stirring Energy in Selected Metallurgical Equipment

This article analyzes the turbulence dissipation rate in liquid steel in selected metallurgical equipment (i.e., electric arc furnace, ladle furnace, and tundish) based on advanced computational fluid dynamics simulations. The approach enables evaluation of the efficiency of electromagnetic stirrer (EMS) devices based on the molten steel flow behavior in comparison with the standard mixing process. Particular attention is put on the determination of the effectiveness of novel EMS with the horizontal stirring device, which supports the mixing process of molten steel. For that, the concept of the new formula to evaluate the stirring energy is presented and compared with the literature results to prove the correctness of the developed method.

Influence of pulsed electromagnetic field on the course of intervertebral hernia of the cervical spine

BACKGROUND: A herniated disc of the cervical spine is a common cause of neck pain that results from leakage of the nucleus pulposus from the annulus fibrosus and creating pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots.
 AIM: to study the effect of therapy with a pulsed electromagnetic field on pain, disability, psychological state and quality of life in intervertebral hernia of the cervical spine.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were randomly divided into two groups, including group 1, who received therapy consisting of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, thermal procedures, and pulsed electromagnetic field, and group 2, who received a false magnetic field in addition to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and thermal procedures. Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Other outcome measures were pain and disability (Neck Pain and Disability Scale), anxiety-depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and quality of life (Nottingham Health Profile). All evaluations were performed before treatment, at week 3, and at week 12 post-treatment.
 RESULTS: Significant improvements were found in scores for neck pain, disability, depression, anxiety, and quality of life in both groups after treatment compared with scores before treatment. However, when comparing changes within groups, significant improvements were only identified in VAS and Nottingham Health Profile sleep subparameters at week 12 post-treatment compared to pre-treatment.
 CONCLUSION: Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in intervertebral hernia of the cervical spine can be safely used in conservative treatment as part of combined physiotherapy.

Influence of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields exposure on sleep patterns in preterm neonates

Purpose The study objective was to assess the influence of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure on sleep patterns in preterm newborns. We hypothesized that an increase in RF-EMF exposure levels would alter infants’ sleep structure parameters. Materials and methods Individual, continuous measurements of RF-EMF levels were performed in 29 hospitalized preterm newborns throughout the first 21 days after birth. The last day, overnight sleep structure was recorded by polysomnography. Relationships between both chronic (three-week period) and acute (polysomnographic period) RF-EMF levels with sleep parameters were computed. Results At median levels, the main chronic effect was an increase in indeterminate sleep with RF-EMF exposure. At the highest exposure levels found in our study, an increase in RF-EMF levels increased sleep fragmentation. No significant relationship was found between acute RF-EMF levels and sleep parameters. Conclusions Despite no consolidated disruption in sleep structure, this study is the first to show that some sleep parameters seem to have a certain sensitivity to chronic – but not acute – RF-EMF exposure in preterm newborns. Further studies are needed to confirm our results and examine possible mid- to long-term, sleep-related cardiorespiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

ROLE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN DEVELOPMENT OF OIL AND GAS GENERATION PROCESSES IN UNCONVENTIONAL RESERVOIR ROCKS

The specifics of the Bazhenov Formation sediments, which are fundamentally different from traditional Green River oil shales, is that the processes of organic matter (kerogen) transformation into hydrocarbons have not yet been completed in them. The achieved paleotemperatures allowed the studied sediments to enter the main phase of oil formation during the regional catagenetic transformation of kerogen, but they failed to realize their oil-maternal potential to the full extent. At present, there are several unsolved problems for these rocks, related both to the genesis of oil and to the search for commercial hydrocarbon deposits in them and the development of technologies for their further development. The processes of «proto-oil» formation in the Bazhenov Formation sediments are still poorly understood. In fact, these processes are a system of equations with many unknowns, the correct solution of which is still impossible at the current stage of study. In our opinion, an important role in the development of oil formation processes in the Earth’s subsurface is played by magnetic fields formed under the action of a number of reasons (in particular, during the development of numerous tectonic disturbances). Our laboratory experiments by gas chromatography showed that in bitumoids of the studied samples there is a progressive shift of the «naphthenic hump» associated with internal transformations in the magnetic field. As a result of these studies, a decrease in the naphthenic fraction of hydrocarbons in samples heated in a magnetic field was recorded compared to samples without exposure to a magnetic field. Significant differences were found in paired samples of most geochemical characteristics - n-C23/24, n-C25/26, n-C26/27, n-C29/30, OEP, CPI, naphthene sum. Taking into account the influence of electromagnetic fields on the development of oil and gas generation processes allows us to create a completely new technology of «maturation» of hydrocarbon compounds (proto-oil) directly in the oil-maternal sediments and the formation of «artificial/technogenic» oil deposits.

Innovative technologies for strengthening of internal surfaces of suspension parts of heavy-loaded machines by laser and high-frequency induction methods

In the article innovative methods of surface hardening of internal surfaces of machine parts by laser and highfrequency induction heating are presented. The relevance of applying the methods of laser and induction hardening for the internal surfaces of heavily loaded parts of quarry equipment is proved. The results of modeling and calculation of thermal and electromagnetic fields under the influence of an external electromagnetic field and laser radiation beams are presented. The original design of a complex of equipment for processing the internal surfaces of suspension parts by external electromagnetic field is described. The optimal designs of inductors with magnetic circuits made of various materials are shown. The study of the structure and properties obtained on the internal surfaces of heavily loaded suspension parts of cars, line of the BelAZ company, treated according to the optimal modes of surface induction exposure is given. The developed original technology and equipment of laser surface hardening, which makes it possible to increase the wear resistance of heavily loaded parts, is described. Data on the implementation of research results at JSC “BELAZ” – the Management Company of the Holding “BELAZ-HOLDING” for processing a wide range of heavily loaded suspension parts are given.

Investigation of the influence of external factors on the operation of a fiber-optic dielectric temperature sensor

The article presents the design and test results of a fiber-optic dielectric temperature sensor intended for use under the influence of external electromagnetic field and aggressive environment.

Permittivity Model Selection Based on Size and Quantum-Size Effects in Gold Films

The article is focused on optical properties of nanostructures containing spherical gold nanoparticles of various radii. We explore correlation between the particle radius and the choice of permittivity model applied to describe optical absorption spectra of gold granules. The experiments show splitting of the absorption band of granular gold films to form a second absorption peak. The first peak is associated with the phenomenon of plasmon resonance, while the second one reflects quantum hybridization of energy levels in gold. Quantum effects are shown to prevail over size effects at a granule diameter of about 5-6 nm. The Mie theory gives a rigorous solution for the scattered electromagnetic field on a sphere taking into account optical properties of the latter, however, it does not specify the criteria for selecting a model to calculate dielectric permittivity. Both calculations and experiments confirm the limiting diameter of gold nanoparticles where the Hampe-Shklyarevsky model is applied. Meanwhile, this model is still unable to predict the splitting of the plasma absorption band. The data presented in the article can be used for a predetermined local field enhancement in composite media consisting of a biolayer and metal nanoparticles. The conducted research provides a deeper understanding of the influence of a terahertz high-intensity electromagnetic field localized in the space on quantum dots.

Numerical Analysis of Metals Under The Influence of Electromagnetic Field at Different Current Values

The primary factors of the widespread use of induction melting furnaces are uniform metal and heat distribution due to its mixing features, low alloy losses, excellent temperature and composition control, versatility in processing different materials, the ability to quickly start the process from a cold state when needed, and the absence of air pollution problems. In induction heating, not all sides of the part to be heated receive an equal amount of heat. Only if the part to be heated is of the type that conducts heat very well can all sides of the part be heated close to each other. Induction heating produces high heat on the surface, less on the inner parts, and least on the center of the material. This heating varies depending on the frequency of the current source and the penetration depth. In this study, a model was created in ANSYS numerical analysis program by taking the current, which is one of the electromagnetic and thermal parameters affecting the temperature distribution in the metalic material in induction heating, at different values. In the simulation model created, three-dimensional numerical analysis results of a cylindrical metallic material were obtained. In the simulation program, the power and frequency required for the design of the induction coil and the magnetic permeability, resistivity, heat transfer coefficient of the material and the position of the material in the inductor are determined as boundary conditions. Depending on these variables, the temperature and magnetic field distributions on the material were obtained. In addition to the numerical analysis, a cylindrical metallic material with known properties was placed in a specially manufactured induction coil and the temperature values on the material were measured to verify the numerical analysis. ANSYS modeling results with the same material dimensions, properties, and other parameters used in the experiment, were given and examined in comparison with the experimental results.

Establishment of Biotesting System to Study Features of Innovative Multifunctional Biotextile

Abstract An established biotesting system designed to discover specific features of innovative multifunctional biotextile, encompassing integrated silica dioxide and succinite (Baltic amber) particles, is founded on reproducible, reliable, and relatively fast methods. The main idea starting this study was to create a system of test methods devoted to identification of specific features of biotextile materials designed to preserve living organisms from adverse environmental factors like enhanced electromagnetic radiation of different frequencies, without use of vivarium animals. Cultures of the freshwater macrophyte duckweed (Lemna minor) line Sta2 and fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) were chosen as model systems suitable for the study of the influence of electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation. The experiments showed changes of phenotypic features and growth parameters of test objects, as well as induction of point mutations of DNA (for example, insertions or deletions in chloroplast DNA and nucleotide substitutions in nuclear genes). The responses of test organisms induced by EMF were studied using microscopy, flow cytometry, and DNA sequencing methods. On the cell level, a new fast flow cytometry method for biotextile testing was developed: immature gametic (pollen) cell cultures were used as a highly sensitive model system (plant gametic cell response is comparable to human neutrophil response) to study the influence of EMF radiation. The method was based on the measurement of differences of fluorescence intensity between group of cells experimentally affected by EMF radiation and non-affected cells.

A numerical analysis of the electromagnetic field effect on direct contact membrane distillation performance

Using an advanced CFD model, this study attempts to determine how electromagnetic field (EMF) affects the performance of the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process. The influence of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the permeate flow, evaporation efficiency (EE), and temperature polarization coefficient (TPC) of the DCMD process are studied using a thorough theoretical model linked with a CFD model. Experiments conducted in-house with and without the EMF influence are used to verify the CFD model. High magnetic potency propagates the turbulence in the feed channel, hence boosting the driving force and transport phenomena for vapor transport to the permeate side. Permeate flux increased by 30%, and EE increased by 15% when the magnetic field strength was raised from 0 to 0.5 T, particularly at a lower intake feed velocity (0.02 m/s) and temperature of 333.05 K. In contrast, with the same magnetic potency (0.5 T) at a higher velocity at an input feed temperature, there is less improvement in EE (5%) and permeate flux (12%) due to the elevated turbulence intensity at high feed velocity. This research contributes to studies aimed at elucidating how electromagnetic fields affect separation processes such as MD, opening the door for more tuning and use of the fascinating phenomenon.