Influence Of Different Types Research Articles

The Role of Trust in the Participatory Establishment of Protected Areas—Lessons Learnt from a Failed National Park Project in Switzerland

This article explores the reasons for the local rejection of a proposed national park in Switzerland. Using a mixed-methods approach and resorting to qualitative and quantitative data, we follow the thread of trust issues in the participatory planning process of a protected area. Different rationales and discourses, both project-specific but also more general, influenced the opinions of local stakeholders. Connecting these different opinions was the issue of (dis)trust, which weaves in and out of prominent lines of argumentation and informs individual sentiments. The application of a multidimensional trust framework helps to understand the influence of different types of trust on protected area negotiations. We discuss how a focus on rational trust building can help to sharpen the diverse goals of contemporary protected areas with integrated conservation and economic development schemes, as well as enable the emergence of other types of trust to facilitate conservation debates.

Surface Modification of Carbon Nanofibers to Improve Their Biocompatibility in Contact with Osteoblast and Chondrocytes Cell Lines.

The goal of this study is to investigate the influence of different types of modifiers, such as sodium hyaluronate (NaH), graphene oxide (GO), silica oxycarbide (SiOC) and oxidation process (ox) on physicochemical, morphological, and biological properties of electrospun carbon nanofibers (eCNFs). Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to evaluate the microstructure and chemistry of as-prepared and modified CNFs. The electrical properties of CNFs scaffolds were examined using a four-point probe method to evaluate the influence of modifiers on the volume conductivity and surface resistivity of the obtained samples. The wettability of the surfaces of modified and unmodified CNFs scaffolds was also tested by contact angle measurement. During the in vitro study all samples were put into direct contact with human chondrocyte CHON-001 cells and human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Their viability was analysed after 72 h in culture. Moreover, the cell morphology and cell area in contact with CNFs was observed by means of fluorescence microscopy. The obtained results show great potential for the modification of CNFs with polymer, ceramic and carbon modifiers, which do not change the fiber form of the substrate but significantly affect their surface and volume properties. Preliminary biological studies have shown that the type of modification of CNFs affects either the rate of increase in the number of cells or the degree of spreading in relation to the unmodified sample. More hydrophilic and low electrically conductive samples such as CNF_ox and CNF_NaH significantly increase cell proliferation, while other GO and SiOC modified samples have an effect on cell adhesion and thus cell spreading. From the point of view of further research and the possibility of combining the electrical properties of modified CNF scaffolds with electrical stimulation, where these scaffolds would be able to transport electrical signals to cells and thus affect cell adhesion, spreading, and consequently tissue regeneration, samples CNF_GO and CNF_SiOC would be the most desirable.

Preparation and compression performance of porous magnesium alloy composite with ceramic hollow spheres

Using two different ceramic hollow spheres (the commercial alumina hollow sphere and the self-made silicon-containing ceramic hollow sphere) as reinforcements, two kinds of lightweight porous magnesium alloy composite materials were successfully fabricated by sintering at 600 °C for 3 h 20 min. The microstructure of samples with the self-made silicon-containing ceramic hollow sphere reveals that an alloy phase containing MgO and Mg2Si was formed by an interfacial reaction at the interface between the magnesium alloy and the self-made ceramic hollow sphere. The formation of the alloy phase is beneficial to improve the mechanical properties of the sample. The influence of different types of ceramic hollow spheres on the apparent density, compressive strength, specific strength, energy absorption, and energy absorption efficiency was studied for these porous products. The results show that the apparent density of these two porous samples is markedly lower than that of the magnesium alloy. The Compression curves of both samples have the elastic stage, the yield platform, and the densification stage, which are the typical compression characteristics of porous materials. The compressive strength and specific strength of the samples made by self-made silicon-containing ceramic hollow spheres are both significantly higher than those made by commercial alumina hollow spheres. Moreover, the energy absorption performance of the sample made by self-made silicon-containing ceramic hollow spheres is better than that of the sample made by alumina hollow spheres. The higher energy absorption capacity and the wider strain range of maintaining the maximum energy absorption efficiency mean the sample made by self-made silicon-containing ceramic hollow spheres can absorb more energy.

Interaction between the Standard and the Measurement Instrument during the Flow Velocity Sensor Calibration Process

The complex ventilation system development process is associated with the stages of modelling, design, execution, and testing. Each of these steps requires the use of measuring equipment that is capable of determining the basic parameters of the flow. In the process of calibrating instruments for measuring flow velocity, one of the limitations is the size of the calibrated devices positioned in the test section of the wind tunnel. This is related to the change in the flow condition within the vicinity of the calibrated anemometers, which is caused by the blockage effect. Instruments with significant dimensions in relation to the cross-sectional area of the wind tunnel test section may have an impact on the reference velocity as indicated by the standard. In such cases, the calibration results may be affected by additional systematic error. This article presents a study of this effect using a real case of a calibration laboratory and commonly used sensors. The influence of different types of air velocity sensors on velocity profiles in the measurement standard area is also investigated. Additionally, the area of the blockage effect is described. The obtained results indicate the possibility of a proper placement for the measuring standard due to minimization of the flow-blocking effect.

Influence of restorative material and cement on the stress distribution of endocrowns: 3D finite element analysis

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of different types of restorative materials and resin cements on the stress distribution in the regions of the restoration, cement layer and dental remnant in endodontically treated posterior endocrowns.MethodsA 3D finite element analysis (FEA) model of the first mandibular molar that was restored with an endocrown designed by computer-aided design (CAD) software was generated. Three kinds of restorative materials (Vita Enamic (VE), IPS e.max CAD (EMX) and Grandio blocs (GR)) and two types of cementing materials (NX3 and Maxcem Elite Chroma (MX)) were analysed with such a model. The food layer was also designed before vertical (600 N) forces were applied to simulate physiological masticatory conditions. Thermal expansion was used to simulate the polymerization shrinkage effects of cement layers. The results were obtained by colorimetric graphs of the maximum principal stress in the restoration and tooth remnant. The failure risk of the cement layer was also calculated based on the normal stress.ResultsThe elastic modulus was positively correlated with the tensile stress peak values in the restoration, mainly at the intaglio surface. However, in the cervical enamel and cement layer, restorative material with a higher elastic modulus generated lower peak stress values. The cement with a higher elastic modulus resulted in higher stress peak values inside the cement layer. The combination of EMX (restorative material) and NX3 (cement material) in the cement layer resulted in the lowest failure risk.SignificanceThe ceramic material EMX with a higher elastic modulus appeared to be more effective at protecting the cement layer and residual enamel tissue. Based on the analysis of the failure risk of the cement layer, the combination of EMX and NX3 was recommended as an optional material for endocrowns for endodontically treated posterior teeth.

СПРЯМОВАНІСТЬ У СПІЛКУВАННІ ЯК ОСОБИСТІСНИЙ РЕСУРС ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ МІЖОСОБИСТІСНОЇ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ

The results of an empirical study of the influence of different types of orientation in communication on the formation of personal resource of interpersonal interaction are presented in the article. The analysis of the results of the study consisted of three successive steps to test the hypothesis that the type of orientation in communication affects the formation of the personal resource of interpersonal interaction. First, it is the clarification of the general trends in the manifestation of different types of communication orientation in modern youth. Second, it is the establishing the nature of the relationship between the types of communication orientation with the personal components of interpersonal interaction. Third, it is the comparison of groups studied by different types of orientation in communication. As a result of the study, it was determined that three tendencies are most common in the communication of modern youth: a) to build it on mutual trust, respect, mutual understanding and openness; b) focus efforts on voluntary and selfless centering on the partner; c) treat partners as a means, an object of covert manipulation. It is established in the process of correlation analysis that all types of communication orientation in some way affect the formation of the personal resource of interpersonal interaction. This is most evident in the direct links of alterocentric tendencies with motivational, emotional, cognitive components and the general indicator of the effectiveness of interpersonal interaction; as well as in the negative links of authoritarian and indifferent orientation with motivation, emotional and volitional regulation, and as a consequence, the personal basis of interpersonal interaction in general. Furthermore, the direct correlations of dialogic orientation of communication with the motivational component, manipulative and conformal orientation with the cognitive component of interpersonal interaction were revealed. It was found by comparing groups of subjects with the dominance of different types of orientation in communication, that the alterocentric type more than other types contributes to the highest manifestation of personal resource of interpersonal interaction, manifested both at the level of all its components and overall efficiency of this process. Authoritarian type leads to a deficient nature of the formation of personal resources, which reduces the effectiveness of interpersonal interaction. Dialogic orientation of communication is characteristic of young people with a moderate formation of all components of interpersonal interaction. A feature of young people with a predominance of conformal type of orientation is high self-confidence, independence, endurance and self-control. The dominance of the indifferent type leads to a lack of communication skills, and therefore representatives of this type often distort the feelings of partners; they do not know how to negotiate.

Recycled Aggregates Produced from Construction and Demolition Waste for Structural Concrete: Constituents, Properties and Production.

This paper concerns the recovery of construction and demolition waste as coarse recycled aggregates for concrete. Coarse recycled aggregates may be used as a partial or total replacement of natural aggregates, contributing to the circular economy and minimizing landfill disposals as well as the consumption of natural mineral resources. However, construction and demolition waste is a heterogeneous material with undefined quality and the processing of this waste into recycled aggregates needs to ensure that the recycled aggregates have suitable properties for concrete. This paper summarizes several aspects related to coarse recycled aggregates, specifically addressing: (i) the typical composition of construction and demolition waste; (ii) the influence of different types of constituents on the properties of recycled aggregates and recycled aggregate concrete; (iii) requirements for recycled aggregates to be used in concrete; and (iv) production methods of recycled aggregates. It is argued that coarse recycled aggregates are a suitable construction material with adequate quality, even when common equipment is used in their production and preliminary separation as a key operation for ensuring the quality of the aggregates is recommended.

Influence of different types of AGROTEX™ mulching material on the yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) introduced in Moscow region

Non-woven agrotextile coverings accelerate the growth and development of vegetable crops, as well as their nutritional value. The spectral composition of the absorbed, reflected and transmitted radiation depends on the colour of the nonwoven covering material. This study was conducted during 2018 at the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, Moscow region to evaluate the effectiveness of various mulching materials. The nonwoven AgrotexTM mulching materials used were: white (W30), foil-clad (F), white-red (WR30), red-yellow (RY40) and yellow (Y20). The research was carried out on the Gourmet variety of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The germination rate, productivity and accumulation of biologically active substances of lettuce depending on the type of covering material were determined. The total carotenoid, flavonoid and hydroxycinnamic acids content were higher with nonwoven materials, reaching an optimum with the RY40 material. On the contrary, the total monomeric anthocyanin content was lower when using AgrotexTM materials compared to the control. Agrotextile changes the spectrum of light incident on leaves, enhancing the regulatory effect, this explains the multidirectional change of antioxidant levels.

Adoption of multiple sustainable land management practices among irrigator rural farm households of Ethiopia

AbstractUsing a household and plot‐level survey conducted in Ethiopia, this study analyses the difference in farmers' adoption of sustainable land management (SLM) practices between their rainfed and irrigated plots. The paper also investigates the varying influence of different types of irrigation water management systems and associated irrigation technologies on the adoption of SLM practices in irrigated plots. After controlling for heterogeneity among different irrigation water management systems and technologies, we found that access to irrigation play major role in enhancing farmers' motivation to adopt more SLM practices. Furthermore, the combined effect of irrigation water management system and irrigation technology on type and number of SLM practices adopted is quite varied and very significant. The evidence highlights that farmers adopt more SLM practices in their plots with pump irrigation compared with those plots where gravity irrigation is applied because pump irrigation systems enhance complementarities with SLM practices. Finally, the findings underscore that the type of irrigation water management and the irrigation technology applied play an important role in restoring degraded lands and maintaining soil fertility, even when farmers' adoption of irrigation was not explicitly triggered by concerns for soil health.

Comparative characteristics of the quality of life of asthma patients with different types of airway hyperresponsiveness to physical stimules

Aim. To compare the nature and degree of influence of different types of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) on the general and specific quality of life (QoL) of patients with asthma and control over the disease.Materials and methods. 234 patients with mild-to-moderate asthma, aged from 18 to 60 years old, were interviewed and examined. Depending on the presence of one or another type of AHR, 4 groups were formed: group 1 included 60 patients with cold AHR, group 2 – 75 patients with hypoosmotic AHR, group 3 – 35 patients with hyperosmotic AHR, group 4 – 64 patients with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). QoL and the state of the emotional sphere were assessed using the SF-36, AQLQ, HADS questionnaires. The level of asthma control was determined using the ACT questionnaire. Lung function was assessed by spirometry.Results. When comparing QoL between groups, statistical differences were obtained for most of the SF-36 scales, with the exception of the domains “Role Physical” (RP) and “Bodily Pain” (BP), and their presence and significance varied depending on the types of AHR being compared. The lowest QoL indices were found in group 1 of patients with cold AHR according to the domains “Physical Activity” (PA), RP, BP, and “Role Emotional” (RE). The lowest indices for the domains “General Health” (GH), “Vitality” (V) and “Mental health” (MH) were found in the respondents of the 2nd group. Most of the highest QoL indicators in the compared groups were found in patients of group 4 with EIB in the domains PA, RP, V, RE, and MH. When carrying out a comparative analysis, the maximum number of significant differences was found between the groups with cold AHR and EIB. A comparative study of QoL using a special AQLQ questionnaire showed the lowest indices for the “Activity” and “Symptoms” domains in groups 1 and 2 of asthma patients. In addition, in group 1, the minimum QoL values were recorded for the “General QoL” domain (3.6±0.2 points), and in group 2, for the “Environment” domain (2.9±0.3 compared with 3.9±0.2 points in group 3, p<0.01).Conclusion. This study has demonstrated the multifaceted effect of AHR on health-related QoL, dependent on sensitivity to a particular physical stimulus and the season of maximum trigger action. The subjective assessment of psychosocial functioning is most differentiated according to the GH domain of the SF-36 questionnaire. The greatest negative impact on the QoL indices is exerted by the cold and hypoosmotic AHR, the least – by the EIB. The assessment of QoL allows to get a full picture of the perception of the patient's health level at the moment and in the given conditions.

Life cycle assessment of the food waste management with a focus on the collection bag.

The organic fraction (mainly food waste) is typically the most abundant of the separately collected waste streams. The research aims at investigating the influence of different types of collection bag on the environmental performances of the food waste management chain in Italy. A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) between two alternative systems based on paper or bioplastic collection bags was carried out. It included the collection bags manufacturing and distribution, their use at the household, the transportation of collected food waste and its subsequent anaerobic digestion, including the valorisation of useful outputs and the management of residues. The two systems were modelled mainly with primary data related to the current management system and to tests performed on bags. The LCA was performed with two different modelling approaches applied in the environmental product declaration (EPD) system and in the product environmental footprint (PEF) studies, respectively. In the scenario representing the average conditions, higher environmental impacts are shown by the use of bioplastic bags compared to paper ones with the EPD approach (+257%/+576%). With the PEF approach, the differences between the two systems are lower (-55%/+133%). Moreover, paper bags could allow for further impact reductions assuming a decrease of the food waste collection frequency, allowed by higher weight losses and a lower generation of leachate and odour during the household storage.

Time-history blast response and failure mechanism of RC columns using Lagrangian formulation

Structural behavior of RC structures under explosive loads is an emerging field of research especially RC columns since the damage of RC columns can lead to progressive collapse. Most research works investigated and concentrated on the behavior of RC columns when exposed to far-field detonations (FFD). A limited study is available on the effects of near-field detonation (NFD) and close-in detonation (CID) on the behavior of RC columns. Hence, the main purpose of the current research is to investigate the influence of different types of detonation scenarios on the dynamic behavior of RC columns. The influences of extreme loading conditions on the columns are defined by using Lagrangian analyses in LS-DYNA. Validation of the numerical model is implemented by comparing the numerical analysis results with UFC 3–340-02 Standard. It is shown that the model yields a reliable prediction of damage on all RC columns. Intensive studies are performed to evaluate the influences of various scaled distances on the dynamic behavior of the columns. The results demonstrated that when the columns are subjected to CID explosions, they undergo the maximum pressure and the columns fail due to severe impulsive regime loading. The results revealed that when the scaled distance is in the CID range, the peak blast load increases but the duration of the positive phase of the blast wave decreases resulting in higher amplitude, lower-duration shock pulse and when the scaled distance is in the FFD range, the peak blast load decreases but the duration of the positive phase blast wave increases resulting in lower amplitude, longer-duration shock pulse. Also, the results show that increasing the scaled distance in RC columns subjected to NFD and FFD detonations resulted in a further decrease in the peak deflection histories and damage degree of RC columns in comparison to CID explosions. The current investigation and the outcomes can be utilized for evaluation of the effect of an explosion on the RC columns.

Nonlinear vibration analysis of functionally graded material tubes with conveying fluid resting on elastic foundation by a new tubular beam model

In this paper, nonlinear free vibration analysis of shear deformable functionally graded material (FGM) tubes conveying fluid with immovable support conditions resting on a Pasternak-type foundation is presented. Based on Hamilton’s principle, the equations of motion and boundary conditions are obtained by using a new high-order shear deformation tubular beam model with von Kármán nonlinearity and the exact expression of curvature, in which contributions of fluid velocity to the kinetic energy and body forces are also considered. The differential quadrature method (DQM) is employed to determine the nonlinear frequencies and amplitude–frequency responses of fluid-conveying FGM tubes with different boundary conditions. A detailed parametric study is conducted to analyze the influences of different types of boundary conditions, geometric and physical properties. The numerical results reveal that the geometrical and physical properties, including elastic foundation, boundary conditions and flow velocity in the fluid-conveying pipes are crucial factors on their dynamical behavior.

Public “agendamelding” in the United States: assessing the relative influence of different types of online news on partisan agendas from 2015 to 2020

ABSTRACT Using Gallup survey data and online news from 2015 to 2020, this study explored the degree to which audiences “meld” agendas from a wide array of news sources for the five most popular issues in the U.S.: the government and politicians, immigration, the economy, race relations, and healthcare. Overall, audiences of varying ideology had agendas that were congruent. Media agendas also appeared congruent, except on the issue of the economy. Conservative news media had a strong influence on audience issue salience. Horizontal (all partisan) and vertical (nonpartisan) media were in a virtual tie for influence among audiences. Despite an erosion in media trust, conservatives were receptive to issue salience from news media of all types, including liberal media. Liberals did not mirror elite media issue saliences, but were influenced by all other types of media, including conservative media. Moderates were influenced by the entire media landscape, to a somewhat even degree. Four out of the five issues studied here showed varying news media influence with no one media group nor ideology owning the agendas of an issue. The exception observed here was the issue of healthcare, which was influenced exclusively by liberal media for all three ideological groups.

Influence of different types of LEDs lights on the formation of volatile sulfur compounds in white and rosé wines

The effect of LEDs light on the formation of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) and the final sensory quality of white and rosé wines was evaluated. Thus, different commercial wines were exposed for ten days to three types of lights. All wine samples were analyzed throughout the exposure period to determine the usual oenological parameters together with some other chemical characteristics (color evolution; riboflavin, cysteine and methionine photodegradation), VSC amounts and sensory characteristics. The results showed that the wines exposed to ultraviolet light suffered greater degradation of the aromatic precursors, mainly riboflavin, and had higher concentrations of VSCs. Regarding LED lights, these produced minimal degradative effects. So that we can consider this type of light as an alternative to reduce the economic impact that currently occurs due to the photodegradation of bottled wines.

Relationships between Distortions of Inorganic Framework and Band Gap of Layered Hybrid Halide Perovskites

The unprecedented structural flexibility and diversity of inorganic frameworks of layered hybrid halide perovskites (LHHPs) raise a wide range of useful optoelectronic properties thus predetermining the extraordinary high interest in this family of materials. Nevertheless, the influence of different types of distortions of their inorganic framework on key physical properties such as band gaps has not yet been quantitatively identified. We provided a systematic study of the relationships between LHHPs’ band gaps and six main structural descriptors of inorganic framework, including interlayer distances (dint), in-plane and out-of-plane distortion angles in layers of octahedra (θin, θout), layer shift factor (LSF), and axial and equatorial Pb–I bond distances (dax, deq). Using this set on the selected structural distortions, we realized the inverse materials design based on multistep density functional theory and a machine learning approach to search LHHPs with target values of the band gap. The analysis of calculated descriptors versus band gap dependences for the wide range of generated model structures of (100) single-layered LHHPs results in the following descending order of their importance: dint > θin > dax > LSFmin > θout> deq > LSFmax, and it also implies a strong interaction value for some pairs of structural descriptors. Moreover, we found that the structures with completely different distortions of inorganic frameworks could have similar band gaps, as illustrated by a number of both experimental and model structures.

The impact of community residents’ occupational structure on the spatial distribution of different types of crimes

Spatial characteristics of community resident's occupational structure is a classic topic in social geography studies. However, it is still an under-explored topic to examine the impact of community residents' occupational structure on the spatial pattern of different types of crimes. Taking a large city in South China as an example, this paper analyzes the influence of different types of occupational residents on the crimes of burglary, pickpocketing and assault by establishing spatial lag negative binomial regression models. Our study shows that different occupational groups have different social characteristics and socioeconomic status, and so do their different impacts on various criminal activities. The specific conclusions are as follows: 1) the person in charge of the unit has no significant influence on these three types of crimes; 2) professional skill workers have a significant positive impact on pickpocketing and assault; 3) clerks, business and service people and primary industry personnel have significant positive impacts on burglary; and 4) the distribution of personnel in the primary industry nearby will inhibit burglary, pickpocketing and assault. This study further explained the results in combination with the ‘costs, benefits and risks’ of rational choice theory. The conclusions may be of great reference value for community police strategies.

Work Motivation and Career Autonomy as Predictors of Women’s Subjective Career Success in STEM

The minority status of women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) professions makes their successful career development difficult. Due to gender-specific challenges, career dissatisfaction contributes to women dropping out of STEM careers. Therefore, women’s subjective career success (SCS) is important to persist and progress in their STEM careers. This study analyzed the influence of different types of work motivation and the perceived career autonomy on SCS of women. Specifically, 318 women working in STEM professions in Germany completed a quantitative online questionnaire. Using an ordinary least squares regression for variables predicting SCS measured as career satisfaction, we found that an intrinsic work motivation positively affects women’s SCS. The perception of high career autonomy was related positively, and the perception of low career autonomy was related negatively to SCS. Unexpectedly, the findings also revealed the positive influence of income on women’s SCS. The findings show that intrinsic work motivation and high perceived autonomy are promoting factors for SCSs, which could also contribute to their retention in STEM professions.

Network Meta-analysis of Chinese patent medicines of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in treatment of primary insomnia

To systematically evaluate the efficacy of oral Chinese patent medicines of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in the treatment of primary insomnia by using network Meta-analysis. Nine databases(CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Medline and Cochrane Library) were systematically and comprehensively undertaken to identify the literatures published from the establishment of each database to August, 2020. Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) on oral Chinese patent medicine of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in the treatment of primary insomnia, either alone or in combination with conventional sedative hypnotics, were screened out according to inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Literature screening, data extraction and the evaluation of the risk of bias for the included studies were conducted independently by 2 researchers. Traditional Meta-analysis and Bayesian network Meta-analysis were then conducted with use of Stata 15.0 and R software. Finally, a total of 42 RCTs were included, involving 9 kinds of oral Chinese patent medicines and 4 196 patients. The results of Meta-analysis showed that(1) in terms of improving Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale score, the efficacy of the combination of drugs was significantly superior to that of sedative-hypnotics or most of Chinese patent medicines used alone, and Bailemian Capsules combined with sedative-hypnotics had the best effect; both the efficacy of Shenqi Wuweizi Tablets and Compound Zaoren Anshen Capsules alone were significantly superior to that of conventional sedative-hypnotics treatment, and Shenqi Wuweizi Tablets had the best effect.(2)In terms of safety, single use or combined use of Chinese patent medicine had a certain improvement as compared with conventional sedative-hypnotics treatment. Due to the large clinical heterogeneity, the studies could not be combined quantitatively, and no serious adverse reactions occurred in all patients enrolled in the study. The results showed that Chinese patent medicine of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen combined with conventional sedative-hypnotics could significantly improve the short-term sleep quality of patients with primary insomnia. In the comparison among single use of drugs, Shenqi Wuweizi Tablets had the largest possibility for best effect. However, the lack of evidences for international promotion, the influence of different types of sedative-hypnotics treatment and intervention time on the curative effect, and the patients' different acceptance of combined treatment should be considered before clinical application. Limited by the number and quality of the included studies, the above conclusions need to be further verified by more large sample-size and high-quality studies.

The influence of a fallow field on the formation of an agrocenosis and the productivity of spring wheat in the Orenburg Cis-Uralse

The article presents the data of long-term field experience on the productivity of wheat and agrocenosis in crop rotations obtained under the influence of different types of fallow in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the aftereffect of precursors of different pairs in the formation of agrocenosis and productivity of spring wheat under conditions of unstable moisture in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. Field experiments were carried out from 2011 to 2020 in rainfed conditions on two agricultural feeding grounds: fertilized (N40P80K40) and unfertilized. Studies have established the consumption of productive moisture in a meter layer during the growing season of fallow crops and spring wheat. In occupied pairs, the largest amount of productive moisture is used (in the soil-protective one, 98.9 mm, in the green manure, 93.8 mm). A large amount of productive moisture is used by spring wheat (hard and soft) in the aftereffect of black fallows (111.0 and 96.3 mm, respectively). As a result of the replacement of black fallows in the crop rotation with occupied ones, the ratio of segetal vegetation in the agrocenosis changes, which leads to an increase in the number of perennials in the crops of the second and subsequent crops of the crop rotation. The use of different types of steam in crop rotations with the appropriate agricultural technology allows to reduce the contamination of crops by various groups of weeds.