Influence Of Different Regimes Research Articles

You scratch my back, and I scratch yours: Autocratic reciprocity in the politics of naming and shaming

What drives some authoritarian states to engage in more naming and shaming of human rights violations than others? The Universal Periodic Review is a unique process requiring all UN members to participate in peer review on human rights issues. It has already finished its third cycle with active participation from all members since 2008. Although both democracies and authoritarian regimes have engaged in peer reviews on human rights issues, few studies explore the influence of different regimes on naming and shaming behavior on human rights issues. In this paper, we argue that authoritarian states use the peer review process as a means of legitimation. We expect authoritarian states to be more lenient towards other authoritarian regimes to increase their legitimacy, while democracies are likely to be impartial to shame human rights abusers. This paper examines how the relational politics of naming and shaming behaviors on human rights issues change as a function of political regimes. We test our expectations using a large-N sample of dyads. We compare the peer reviews of the Universal Periodic Review between 2008 and 2020 with different dyads of democracies and authoritarian regimes.

Analysis of the impact of different schemes of preparation to trabeculectomy on the healing markers using in vitro model of the Tenon fibroblast cultures isolated directly from the patient

Aims/Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of different regimes of patient's preparation before trabeculectomy on the markers of healing process in Tenon's fibroblast cultures.Methods: The studied group consisted of 66 patients with open angle glaucoma undergoing primary trabeculectomy. The patients were divided into 5 groups with different regimes of preparation before the surgery based on application or withdrawal of topical antiglaucoma medications and steroids. During trabeculectomy the samples of Tenon's capsule were obtained. Tenon fibroblasts were isolated directly from the explants to test their proliferation ability and the level of released healing markers. Following factors typical of healing process were evaluated using commercially available ELISA kits: IL 1‐β, IL‐6, IL‐8, VEGF‐A, TGF‐ β1 and MMP‐9.Results: Concentrations of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TGF‐ β1 were significantly higher in the group obtaining antiglaucoma drops. Additionally, in this group the fibroblasts revealed the highest proliferation potential, indicating the active healing process. The levels of IL‐8, VEGF‐A and MMP‐9 were similar between the groups.Conclusions: Our study shows that for the best conjunctival anti‐inflammatory control, the most influential factor is the withdrawal of antiglaucoma medications.

EFFECT OF THERMOCHEMICAL TREATMENT ON THE Zr-1%Nb ALLOY CHARACTERISTICS

Data on improving the characteristics of fuel rods made of the Zr-1%Nb alloy by modifying the near-surface layer are presented. For modification, thermochemical treatment (TCT) was used in a controlled gas environment based on the diffuse oxygen saturation of the near-surface layer. It was established that TCT does not reduce the mechanical characteristics of the Zr-1%Nb alloy compared to ones in the initial state, but in some cases increases its. The influence of different regimes of TCT on the features of oxidation in air and hydrogen saturation of the Zr-1%Nb alloy was considered. It was shown that the optimal regime of TCT provides a reduction in weight gain during oxidation at a temperature of 550 °C in the air for 100 h, and prevents saturation with hydrogen of Zr-1%Nb alloy. It was concluded that the TCT is a promising method for improving the performance of Zr-1%Nb alloy fuel rods.

Analysis of the impact of different schemes of preparation to trabeculectomy on the healing markers on the Tenon fibroblasts cultures

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of different regimes of patient’s preparation before trabeculectomy on the markers of healing process in Tenon’s fibroblast cultures.The studied group consisted of 66 patients with open angle glaucoma undergoing primary trabeculectomy. The patients were divided into 5 groups with different regimes of preparation before the surgery based on application or withdrawal of topical antiglaucoma medications and steroids (G1—patients using antiglaucoma drops until the day of the surgery; G2—patients using antiglaucoma drops until the day of the surgery and additionally dexamethasone for 4 weeks before surgery; G3—patients who stopped using antiglaucoma drops 4 weeks before the surgery and introduced dexamethasone for 4 weeks before surgery; G4—patients who stopped using antiglaucoma drops 4 weeks before the surgery; G5—control group, patients with newly diagnosed glaucoma in whom trabeculectomy was the first treatment option without medical treatment). During trabeculectomy the samples of Tenon’s capsule were obtained. Tenon fibroblasts were isolated directly from the explants to test their proliferation ability and the level of released healing markers. Following factors typical of healing process were evaluated using commercially available ELISA kits: IL 1-β, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF-A, TGF-β1 and MMP-9. Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β1 were significantly higher in the group obtaining antiglaucoma drops. Additionally, in this group the fibroblasts revealed the highest proliferation potential, indicating the active healing process. The levels of IL-8, VEGF-A and MMP-9 were similar between the groups. Our study shows that for the best conjunctival anti-inflammatory control, the most influential factor is the withdrawal of antiglaucoma medications.

Performance reaction and biochemical properties of black cumin under the influence of different regimes of nitrogen, menthol and drought stress

The purpose of this study was to investigate the responses of growth indices and yield of the black cumin to nitrogen and methanol under drought stress conditions. The experiment was a split split plots based on randomized complete block design with three factors and three replicates in the research farm of Medicinal Plants Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran, during 2019- 2020. The factors were drought stress with 4 levels (non-stress, mild, moderate, and severe) as the main factor, nitrogen with 4 levels (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg ha-1 nitrogen from the source of urea) as the sub-factor and methanol with 3 levels (0, 10, and 30%) as sub-sub-factor. Nitrogen treatments (except the 0 level) were each applied in three stages of black seed growth: 1) one-third at the same time as planting, 2) one-third at the stage of 4-6 leaves, and 3) one-third at the beginning of flowering. Methanol foliar application was done once at the first capsule formation stage and again at an interval of seven days later. Two days after the second time of methanol spraying, the data on biochemical traits (chlorophyll, proline and protein contents) and in the end of generative stage, agronomical (seed yield) and phytochemical compounds were measured. The results indicated that main effects and interactions significantly affected all biochemical traits and yield. The results showed that the yield under drought stress conditions decreased (11.67%) in comparison to the control, while the yield increased (5.7%) in comparison to control by applying the nitrogen and methanol. The interaction of methanol and nitrogen had significant effects on the amount of grain yield, chlorophyll, proline, protein, carotenoid contents and oil of seed. The results indicated that the interaction of drought stress-nitrogen, drought stress-methanol and nitrogen-methanol had significant effects on chlorophyll, proline, protein, carotenoid contents, oil seed and yield. The results showed the highest seed oil (717 kg/ha) in the interaction of without drought stress, 90 kg/ha nitrogen. Therefore, the application of 10% methanol and 90 kg/ha nitrogen under drought stress was the most effective treatments on increasing the yield and phytochemical compounds in black cumin.

Influence of Different Regimes of Moderate Maternal Feed Restriction during Pregnancy of Primiparous Rabbit Does on Long-Term Metabolic Energy Homeostasis, Productive Performance and Welfare.

Simple SummaryIn rabbit farms, the main production costs come directly from food supplies. Although the reproductive outcomes in this species are acceptable, the results are worse when it comes to primiparous rabbits, so it is recommended that insemination be carried out post-weaning. By avoiding the overlap of the second gestation and the first lactation, better fertility results are expected. Still, despite this, the rabbits garner more adipose tissue than desired, and the productive efficiency deteriorates in the long term. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of different periods of moderate feed restriction (one, two or three weeks) applied during the second pregnancy of primiparous does. We studied fetoplacental development, productive parameters, metabolism and possible stress indicators. Results showed that the voluntary feed intake of dams increased right after feed restriction. No permanent alterations were found in reproductive outcome, metabolism or welfare of does, meaning that this feeding strategy could be successfully applied in rabbit farms.In this study, a maternal feed restriction (MFR; 105 g/d) in primiparous rabbit does was applied from day 0 to 7 post artificial insemination (AI) (R07, n = 96), from day 7 to 21 post AI (R721, n = 92), from day 0 to 21 post AI (R021, n = 94) or fed ad libitum during whole pregnancy (Control, n= 92). Feed intake (FI) was measured after MFR was over. On day 28 of gestation, fetoplacental development was evaluated (n = 11/group) and the productive parameters of the remaining dams were analyzed. Plasma free tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine, glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and corticosterone were analyzed during gestation and lactation (n = 5/group). After MFR, all groups significantly increased their voluntary FI. The longer MFR was, the lower the weight and length of the fetuses, but no long-term effects over litter performance were observed. R021 groups had the lowest T3 and the highest NEFA concentrations during pregnancy and showed insulin resistance at the end of gestation, but during lactation, energy homeostasis was balanced in all groups. MFR did not affect corticosterone concentrations. In conclusion, the ration setting applied slightly involved the energy homeostasis and metabolism of the animals, but their overall metabolic condition, productive performance and welfare were not compromised.

К РЕШЕНИЮ ЗАДАЧ ДИАГНОСТИРОВАНИЯ ВАЛОВОГО РЕСУРСА ЛАКРИЧНОГО КОРНЯ И ЕГО ДОБЫЧИ В ВОЛГО-АХТУБИНСКОЙ ПОЙМЕ

The article reflects the results of many years of research on the study of the root system of naked licorice (Glycyrrhiza glаbra L.). The formation of this valuable plant occupies significant areas of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. The work was carried out in order to establish the regularities of the formation and accumulation of roots in local populations of licorice in order to diagnose their reserves with subsequent scientific substantiation of technological regulations for the industrial production of licorice, which guarantee self-restoration of cenopopulations. Based on the totality of morphological and ecological features, the diversity of adaptability of architectonics, the root system of licorice can be regarded as ecologically universal and, in some respects, unique. The multivariance of its structure for a number of typical habitats of this plant is explained by the influence of different regimes of surface waters during floods and subsurface waters during the growing season, in conditions of a wide variety of alluvial deposits along the profile of the soil aeration zone, their physical and chemical characteristics. The floodplain formation of naked licorice includes a large number of communities of various species composition, which, with varying degrees of its participation, are among the seven most frequently encountered associations. The most productive are clean malt houses formed in the central (insular) part of the lower floodplain and delta under conditions of annual flood moistening of soils. Licorice acquires the most intensive productive development, settling on non-saline floodplain alluvial meadow and meadow dark-colored granular soils of light granulometric composition, as well as on alluvial meadow sandy loam soils formed on middle flood relief elements. In these habitats, the root mass (total, wet) in the soil layer of 0.40 m can reach 22 ... 25 tons per hectare in some areas. Most often, the root mass of licorice naked along the soil profile is distributed as follows: 90% of all roots and rhizomes - in a layer of 1.0 ... 1.2 m, including 60% - in a layer of 0 ... 0.3 m, 20% - in layer 0.3 ... 0.5 m

INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF UHF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ON THE OUTPUT OF ROLLED GROATS OF WHEAT SPELT

Wheat spelt is a promising crop. A high food value and high-quality biochemical composition of grains make wheat spelt favorably remarkable for groats production. Preservation of the food value is an important task of food production, but regimes of grain processing must provide good culinary quality and consumption safety. The aim of our work is to study regimes of irradiation and humidification of wheat spelt grains, influencing the output and culinary quality of the ready product; development of recommendations as to production of rolled groats. There is studied an influence of different regimes of water-thermal processing on the total output of groats and rolled groats of the highest sort. The reliable connection between the output of rolled groats of the higher sort and duration of irradiation by the electromagnetic field of the ultrahigh frequency and grain humidification has been established. No essential connection as been established between humidification and the total output of groats. The duration increase of UHF-irradiation (>120–140 s) conditions the essential growth of dust middlings and decrease of rolled groats of the highest sort. The long-term irradiation (180 s) conditions the decrease of groats boiling duration by 17 % comparing with the short-term processing (20 s). The established influences of the factors are preconditions for transferring obtained technological solutions and their use under conditions of existing groats factories of different productivity

Capillary Driven Two-Phase Flow Dynamics in Nonpatterned and Patterned Microchannels

Study of the behavior of fluids inside micro and nanochannels has become particularly important with the extensive advances in micro- and nanofluidic systems. Capillary filling is a phenomenon that occurs in microchannels when the fluid is in contact with the channel walls. This phenomenon can be controlled by introducing certain characteristics in the channel walls and these channels are used in specific applications such as micro-reactors and pressure-sensitive switches. In this paper new insights about some effective parameters in the capillary are provided by which it is possible to increase or decrease the fluid’s velocity or even stop its motion at a specific point in the microchannel. The influence of different regimes governed the capillary action on the fluid’s velocity is studied. Furthermore, the effect of introducing certain obstacles on the microchannel wall on the capillary action and its relation with the contact angle of fluid is investigated. 2D FEM capillary simulation for three different fluids at contact angles of 30, 50 and 60° showed that at 30° and 50° fluid passes the obstacle and at 60° remains pinned at the obstacle. Finally, certain grooves on the channel walls are used to increase fluid’s velocity. Results showed that the grooves increase fluid velocity by 15%.

A study of the effect of cycling modes on the electrochromic properties of Ni(OH)2 films

As a result of conducted studies, a series of electrochromic Ni(OH)2 films were prepared using the cathodic template method under the same conditions. Prepared films have been used for comparison of regimes for coloration-bleaching cycling. Main qualitative characteristics were also evaluated – averaged absolute coloration degree, averaged irreversibility on bleaching and visual comparison in the colored state after cycling.To compare the influence of different regimes, potentiodynamic, galvanostatic and complex regimes were proposed. For potentiodynamic regimes, different upper and lower potential limits were chosen. Initial current density for galvanostatic and complex regimes was chosen based on the results of the cyclic voltamperometry curve. Chosen current density was equal to the cathodic peak value on the fifth cycle of the cyclic voltamperometry curve recorded in the following regime: potential window [201–751 mV], scan rate 1 mV/s.Coloration-bleaching cycling in different regimes revealed high effectiveness of potentiodynamic regimes which showed the highest coloration degree of the films. On the other hand, it was found that narrowing and widening of potential windows relative to optimal resulted in worse characteristics of electrochromic films. Galvanostatic regimes showed the most optimal results in terms of absolute coloration degree and time required for coloration/bleaching. Complex regimes demonstrated the worst results. Theses regimes resulted in significant irreversibility and average rate of coloration and bleaching.Galvanostatic and complex regimes revealed the presence of two plateaus on the current density curves, which indicates the presence of both α-Ni(OH)2 and β-Ni(OH)2 in electrochromic material

Model of ontogenetic variability of the functional state of the organism in different regimes of motor activity

This paper analyzes the results of the study of the long-term effect of physical exercising and sports in the age range, including late periods of human ontogeny, from the standpoint of the oxidative stress theory. To study the features of the ontogenetic variability of the functional state of the organism, a comparative study of the indices of the functional state of the organism was carried out under different regimes of motor activity at different age stages of development: in sport veterans who continue active motor activity after the termination of a sports career, in former sportsmen leading a sedentary lifestyle, in individuals engaged in recreational forms of exercise, and in individuals who were never regularly engaged in physical education. The contingent of male subjects of different ages also included former athletes and coaches of national teams for cyclical and game sports that require a predominant endurance. As a result of the study, a model was developed that reflects the features and mechanisms of ontogenetic variability of the functional state of the organism under the influence of different regimes of motor activity.

Macroeconomic dynamics and magnitude of poverty: a comparative analysis of different regimes

The poverty level in Pakistan has been increasing and despite decades after independence it is still a very critical socioeconomic issue. This study examines the effects of macroeconomic variables (GDP, inflation, unemployment, and tax revenues) on the poverty rate in Pakistan since 1974 to 2014. Moreover, this study also investigated the impact of a different regime i.e. democracy and military regime with reference to macroeconomic variables and poverty rate. The descriptive statistical analysis was carried out by using graphs and inferential statistical analysis was performed using Pearsons correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the real GDP and tax revenues have significant negative effects on the poverty rate. The inflation also showed a significant positive effect on the poverty rate, which implied that an increase in inflation hurts the poor more and leads to increased poverty. The unemployment rate showed insignificant positive impact on the poverty rate. On the aspect of influence of different regimes i.e. democracy and military rule, the results showed democracy has a negative impact on the poverty rate, implying that the democratic regimes are more favourable for poverty reduction in Pakistan.

Assessment of the Influence Of Ca2+ and PH on Bacterial Growth of Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans

ABSTRACTThe capability of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to oxidize ferrous ions is successfully used for treatment of gas and water pollutions and in biometallurgy This bacterium forms solid bofilms, which are included in waste water and tail gas treatment and bioleaching technologiesIn our previous work the oxidation capacity of the bacteria was assessed only based on the average velocity of ferric ion production without investigation of the biomass growth process.Based on some mathematical models which describe the initial processes of biofilm formation and functioning, the significance of the specific cell growth was shown. It is important to know more about the cultivation regimes of the suspended cells of the strain for the subsequent choice of appropriate cultivation regime for bacteria adaptation to high substrate levelsThis work is a part of studies on the influence of different regimes of cultivation on bacterial physiology. Three series of experiments were elaborated for studying the influence of different pH and Ca concentrations on cells growth of the strain. For studying the bacterial growth, samples were taken from the culture media troughout the cultivation process, at 0, 9, 24, 28, 34, 48, 53 hours. The probes were processed using the method of limited dilutions and the cells were grown on solid media in BIOCENTER 2001 for 25 days, and developed colonies were counted.The experimental data showed some statistically significant differences in the studied parameters measured in different cultural media at the beginning and last phases of culture growth.

Influence of the electric field on structural transformations and phase boundary for PMg1/3Nb2/3O3-xPbTiO3 single crystals

The influence of different regimes of application of a dc electric field (0 < E < 4 kV/cm) on structural phase transformations and behavior of the phase boundary in [001]-oriented single crystals PMg1/3Nb2/3O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-xPT) with compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary (x = 28 and 32%) and far from it (x = 13%) has been investigated. The studies have been performed using optical methods, namely, optical transmittance and small-angle light scattering. It has been revealed that the number, symmetry, and stability of field-induced phases depend on the regime of electric field application. During cooling of the PMN-28PT crystals from the cubic phase in the field (FC regime), the tetragonal phase is induced already in weak fields of ∼0.5 kV/cm, whereas even a field of 3 kV/cm is insufficient for inducing this phase by applying the field in the ferroelectric phase. In the PMN-32PT crystal (which has a composition closer to the morphotropic phase boundary as compared to that of the PMN-28PT crystal) in the FC regime and when the field is applied in the ferroelectric phase, the tetragonal phase is induced already in weak electric fields, even though this phase in the latter case appears to be unstable. The E-T phase diagrams have been constructed for different regimes of field application. The possible factors responsible for the observed differences have been discussed.

THE ESTIMATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF MAMMARY GLAND UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF LOW-INTENSIVE LASER (EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION)

In the article there is given the characteristic of morphological changes in the parenchyma and in the stroma of the mammary gland of white not pedigree rats under the influence of different regimes of low-intensive laser radiation in experimental groups.

THE INFLUENCE OF PLASTIC PRESTRAINING ON BRITTLE FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF METALLIC MATERIALS WITH CRACKS

Abstract The purpose of the present work was to study the influence of different regimes of overloading of pressure vessel steels in different states which correspond to the steel properties at the beginning of a reactor operation and at different degrees of embrittlement (simulated by heat treatment). The experiments were performed on 25, 50 and 150 mm thick specimens with short and long cracks of various shape in the temperature range from 293 to 623 K corresponding to the service temperature range of those steels. The following factors were investigated contribution of different effects (residual stresses, strain hardening, crack tip blunting) into the enhancement of the brittle fracture resistance of steels after warm prestressing, stability of the positive warm prestressing effect during subsequent exposure of the steels to different service loading conditions; size effect on optimal regimes of thermo-mechanical prestressing and on the brittle fracture resistance characteristics of the steels studied after warm-prestressing. An approach is proposed to predict the increase in the brittle fracture resistance of steels with cracks after warm prestressing.

A promising method for enhancing resistance of pressure vessels to brittle fracture

The purpose of the present work was to study the influence of different regimes of overloading of pressure vessel steels in different states which correspond to the steel properties at the beginning of the reactor operation and at different degrees of embrittlement (simulated by thermal treatment). The experiments were performed on 25-, 50-, 150-mm-thick specimens with short and long cracks of various shape in the temperature range 293–623 K corresponding to the service temperature range of those steels. The following factors were investigated: contribution of different mechanisms (residual stresses, strain hardening, crack tip blunting) into the enhancement of the brittle fracture resistance of steels after warm prestressing; stability of the warm prestressing positive effect during subsequent exposure of those steels to different service loading conditions; size effect on optimal regimes of thermomechanical prestressing and on the brittle fracture resistance characteristics of the steels studied after warm prestressing. An approach is proposed for the prediction of the increase in the brittle fracture resistance of steels with cracks after warm prestressing.

Remission of Lupus Nephritis with Cyclophosphamide and Late Relapses Following Therapy Withdrawal

We describe the long-term follow-up of severe lupus nephritis treated with cyclophosphamide, with emphasis on the incidence of relapses after therapy withdrawal. From a cohort of SLE patients followed over a period of twelve years, we review the charts of the eleven with histologic evidence of class IV nephritis who reached complete remission with cyclophosphamide and who were followed for more than four years after the discontinuation. In all patients, cyclophosphamide was maintained for longer than two years after complete remission. Four patients relapsed following therapy withdrawal (36%). Sequential biopsies were taken in eight patients after remission or relapse and show a good histologic correlation with clinical renal data. Clinical remission with re-induction therapy could not be achieved in two patients after relapse. We conclude that relapse is frequently observed following cyclophosphamide withdrawal in lupus patients with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis initially responsive to this therapy. Studies are needed to determine the influence of different regimes of maintenance therapy on the rate of relapses.