Influence Of Different Methods Research Articles

A Question of Priority—Product Before Procurement

Abstract The paper presents the results of recent research into the influence of different methods of procurement and of specifying the work on the quality of site investigation in the UK, as perceived by its consumers. The results of the research revealed widespread dissatis- faction with site investigation work where rigid and inappropriate instigation procedures were used by the consumer. Despite calls for reform there remains an urgent need for consumer guidance concerning the adoption of methods of procurement relevant to the special nature of site investigation and for greater flexibility in the specification of the work.

The Kinetics of Yeast Growth and Sugar Utilization in Tirage: The Influence of Different Methods of Starter Culture Preparation and Inoculation Levels

Yeast starter culture prepared aerobically in grape juice and anaerobically and aerobically in wine medium were used to inoculate tirage at cell densities ranging from 0.8 to 6 x 10⁶ viable yeast per mL; lag phase, growth rate, and fermentation time were measured. Inoculum level determined fermentation time for yeast growth in tirage. The properties of the starter culture influenced growth kinetics; however, the time for fermentation was not significantly affected above an inoculation level of 4 x 10⁶ viable yeast per mL, independent of the method of starter culture preparation.

INCREMENTAL PROPOFOL FOR SHORT PROCEDURES

Propofol was used to induce and maintain anaesthesia in patients undergoing minor gynaecological procedures. Quality of anaesthesia, the rate of recovery and the influence of different methods of premedication were assessed. Unpremedicated patients required a higher induction dose than those premedicated with either lorazepam or papaveretum and hyoscine, but maintenance dose requirements were comparable. Regardless of premedication, there were similar decreases in mean arterial pressure, although respiratory function recovered more rapidly in patients premedicated with lorazepam. No significant changes in heart rate were noted in any group. The overall incidence of pain on injection was 3.7% (lignocaine 0.5 mg added to each 9.5 mg of propofol) and a skin rash occurred in 6% of patients. All patients recovered rapidly and uneventfully.

X-ray diffraction study of palladium catalysts. Influence of the preparation method on the dispersity of metallic phase

Influence of different methods of catalyst preparation on their phase composition and the crystallite dispersity has been demonstrated.

Esophageal perforations: A 15 year experience

A review of 44 patients with 50 esophageal perforations from 1966 through 1980 is presented. The age span was 16 months to 94 years and the male to female ratio was 1 to 1. Each case was studied with regard to presentation, etiology, treatment and complications. Twenty-two cases of esophageal perforation followed instrumentation, including 6 secondary to Mosher bag dilatation for achalasia. Of the remainder, seven patients had spontaneous perforation, five had external trauma, five had intraoperative injury, two had caustic ingestion, and one each had foreign body ingestion, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and an incarcerated paraesophageal hiatal hernia. Management was nonoperative in 12 patients, primary repair and drainage was performed in 23 patients, and 9 patients underwent drainage and diversion. This series plus 824 patients with esophageal perforation accumulated from a review of the literature emphasizes the importance of the influence of different methods of treatment and time lapse between occurrence and therapy. The type of perforation had no significance on this series. As a result of the experience gained from this series, a treatment protocol is proposed for the management of esophageal perforation.

Rainfall drop spectra intensities and fine structures on different time bases

Five years of comprehensive research on precipitation structures showed that the time bases and the design of the measuring equipment are most important for statistical measure of precipitation parameters. The influence of different methods, and different time bases as determined by calculations based on measurements are presented. Small differences on the time scale produce large errors (e.g. more than 100 %in rainfall rate).

Simultaneous-treatment design comparisons of the effects of earning reinforcers for one's peers versus for oneself

The influence of different methods of dispensing reinforcers earned by a target subject on that subject's behavior was examined with two mentally retarded children enrolled in a special education classroom. In separate experiments, each child received tokens contingent upon attentive behavior. The different methods of dispensing reinforcers consisted of exchanging the tokens for back-up events for oneself or for the entire class. The two methods of exchanging tokens were compared in separate simultaneous-treatment designs for each child. The simultaneous-treatment design permits a comparison of different treatments with an individual subject. The treatments are administered in the same phase but are balanced across different time periods during which they are implemented. In each experiment, earning tokens that purchased back-up events for the entire class was more effective in altering the target subject's behavior than was earning tokens that purchased back-up events for oneself. In addition, the simultaneous-treatment design was demonstrated to be a useful technique to compare treatments with individual subjects.

I. A study of the stages in the quantitative isolation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities from mouse liver

The elution profiles of 17 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases from chromatography of 149 000 × g supernatant on Sephadex G-200 were determined as well as the influence of different methods of homogenization and of chromatography on DEAE-cellulose on the elution profiles. With gentle homogenization all synthetases were eluted in the void volume in four different peaks, containing (a) leucyl- and phenylalanyl-, (b) lysyl-, prolyl-, isoleucyl-, methionyl-, glycyl- and valyl- (c) arginyl-, alanyl- and asparaginyl- and (d) aspartyl-, histidyl-, seryl-, threonyl-, glutaminyl- and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases. With less gentle homogenization, peaks of lower molecular weight appeared. More than two peaks for each aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase were never found. Of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases examined, alanyl-, arginyl-, aspartyl-, leucyl- and lysyl-tRNA synthetases were not inactivated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, whereas phenylalanyl- and seryl-tRNA synthetases lost 60% of their activity.

Soil fumigation with dichloropropene and metham‐sodium: Effect of soil cultivations on dose pattern

AbstractIn field trials, loamy soils were fumigated by injecting dichloropropene and metham‐sodium with a horizontal‐blade injector. Concentrations of cis‐ and trans‐1,3‐dichloropropene, and of methyl isothiocyanate were measured. The influence of different methods of tillage on fumigation effectiveness was compared by computing concentration‐time products at the various depths in the soil. With a fine‐structured top layer, there was no clear beneficial effect of shallow or deep rotary tillage before injection. If a dense top layer was not rotary‐tilled beforehand, deep and wide cracks were formed during injection. Shallow or deep rotary tillage both left loose cereal stubble mixed in the surface layer, which was difficult to finish off. Concentration‐time products could be substantially increased by finishing off the soil surface better after injection.

INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE ON STOCKS OF NUTRIENTS IN SEGREGATED CHERNOZEM

In the conditions of field experience, the influence of different methods of primary processing (plowing, dump, surface and zero) on the reserves of nutrients (nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium) at depths of 0…10, 10…20 and 20…30 cm and in the layer 0…30 cm was considered. The degree of heterogeneity of the arable layer was estimated by the coefficient of variation at depths of 0…10 and 10…20 cm for each plant nutrient being determined. Stocks of all nutrients both at separate depths and in the layer 0…30 cm of agrochernozems under the conditions of the experiment increased by the end of the growing season of winter wheat. It is shown that the increase in nitrate stocks most significantly occurred when using small treatments, the depth of the impact on agrochernozems which did not exceed 10 cm (surface and zero treatment). The highest reserves of mobile phosphorus in the layer 0…30 cm had the options of experience with in-depth treatment of agrochernozems. However, during the growing season, the rate of increase in the reserves of this food element in the specified layer was higher in options with small treatments due to their significant increase at the upper depths. Approximately the same picture was observed for the exchange of potassium. Clear, observed time trends of homogeneity of arable horizon on stocks of batteries depending on the considered methods of tillage, have been identified. The expected trend related to a higher degree of homogeneity of the distribution of nutrients in the arable horizon of ploughing plots compared to other variants of experience, especially with zero treatment, is not always confirmed.

Sielkundige implikasies van gesinsbeplanning

Abstract The psychological implications of family planning centers round the psychodynamics of sexuality and the motivation and application of contraception. Firstly the influence of family planning on three function of sex in the marriage i.e. procreation (biological function) pleasure (psychological function) and greater unity between the marital partners (socio-psychological function) are discussed. Secondly, the influence of factors such as the acceptance of sexuality, the nature of the sexual relationship between partners and the psychological influence of different methods of contraception on the motivation of the application of contraceptive methods are discussed.

The Influence of Different Methods of Dissociating the Rheumatoid Factor, Studied by Ultracentrifugation, Sheep‐cell Tests and Immunoelectrophoresis

The Influence of Different Methods of Dissociating the Rheumatoid Factor, Studied by Ultracentrifugation, Sheep‐cell Tests and Immunoelectrophoresis

The Individual as a Factor in Antidiphtheria Immunity

Summary The experiments dealt with the influence of different methods of immunization upon the antitoxic response of groups of guinea pigs. The points investigated included the condition of the antigen, the total amount of antigen, the division and spacing of doses and the route of injection. The adequacy of the different methods for group immunization was analyzed on the basis of the percentage of individuals made Schick negative. The total amount of antigen influenced the immunity response but to different extents in different zones of dosage: its influence was masked in the zone of “hyperimmunization,” but within the zone “adequate for group immunization” it was manifested in speed of response, and within the zone “inadequate for group immunization” both in speed of response and in percentage of a group finally made immune. However, the amount of antigen could be counterbalanced by other factors: to some extent by the route of injection but especially by the division and spacing of injections. The results are discussed in terms of the expression: A = f(C × S) in which A represents antitoxin production, C, the capacity to respond to specific stimulus and S, the stimulus of the specific antigen. In the present paper this formula was used in the analysis of the development of immunity; in later papers it will be modified for the analysis of immunity possessed long after the last injection of antigen.

The Influence of Different Methods of cleansing Dairy Utensils on the Bacterial Content of Churns and on the Keeping Properties of Milk.

In the handling of milk no single factor is of more importance than the cleanliness of the vessels used, and steam sterilisation is an essential part of correct cleansing technique of dairy utensils. Although several hundred dairy farmers have installed apparatus for steam sterilisation, the majority are still content with less efficient methods and rely upon “scalding” as the final operation in washing a utensil, although the water used for scalding is seldom at a sufficiently high temperature to kill many bacteria, and it is usually poured from one vessel to another in the hopes of efficiently finishing the cleansing processes although it is only comfortably warm to the fingers.