Influence Of Different Growth Conditions Research Articles

Influence of different growth conditions on the composition and acidogenicity of saliva-derived microcosm biofilm and their effects on enamel demineralization

This study compared the influence of growth conditions on the composition and acidogenicity of saliva-derived microcosm biofilms and enamel demineralization. Biofilms grown in sucrose-supplemented modified McBain medium, containing 25/50 mmol/L PIPES (buffer), under anaerobiosis/microaerophilia, for 3 and 7 days were evaluated for their acidogenicity, microbial composition, matrix, and enamel mineral content. The viability of total lactobacilli was higher in the group containing 25 mmol/L PIPES grown under anaerobiosis, which also showed lower pH values. The viability of total streptococci and total microorganisms was significantly higher at 7 days in the groups with 50 mmol/L PIPES than at 3 days, regardless of the incubation atmosphere. No significant differences were observed in lactic acid, calcium, superficial hardness loss, or lesion depth. In conclusion, the incubation atmosphere, buffer content in the growth media, and duration of biofilm formation displayed species-varied influence on microcosm biofilms, without causing significant changes in acid metabolism or enamel demineralization.

Flexible ZnO nanowire platform by metal-seeded chemical bath deposition: Parametric analysis and predictive modeling

The growth of zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) on metal-seeded substrates is crucial for photonics, electronics, and sensing applications. Traditionally, NWs are grown using seed sintering on rigid substrates at high-temperature. However, the rise of flexible electronics, which use substrates unable to withstand high temperatures, has shifted focus to metal-assisted synthesis methods that do not require high-temperature sintering. This method has gained increasing attention due to its compatibility with flexible substrates. This article focuses on understanding the underlying growth mechanisms and achieving controlled growth of ZnO NWs on metal seeded flexible substrates. Furthermore, a parametric analysis is carried out to elucidate the correlation among different growth conditions in the chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. Through a meticulously planned experimental design, the study investigates the influence of different growth conditions on synthesis outcomes. This leads to the formulation of predictive models using advanced machine learning (ML) methods particularly, artificial neural network (ANN). Following validation and training, the ANN model exhibits a remarkable ability to predict synthesis outcomes, yielding R2 values of 0.92 for diameter and 0.96 for length of NWs. Notably, the highest aspect ratio (AR) of ∼24 is attained following the growth conditions: 25 mM precursor concentration, 60 min growth time, and a growth temperature of 95 °C. Additionally, this method of growing ZnO NWs on a metal-seeded substrate offers an alternative approach for fabricating nanodevices for various emerging applications.

Influence of Different Growth Conditions on Saponarin, Water-Soluble Vitamins, and Mineral Content of Barley Sprouts Cultivated in Chamber System

Barley sprouts contain various secondary metabolites such as polyphenol, policosanol, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In particular, saponarin, which accounts for about 72% of polyphenols, is well known for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and liver function protection effects. Saponarin is greatly affected by environmental conditions such as light, temperature, and moisture. However, there is a lack of studies about the effect of the microclimatic environment on saponarin content in barley sprouts. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of daily temperature range, light intensity, and light period on saponarin, water-soluble vitamins, and minerals content in barley sprouts. Seeds of Hordeum vulgare L. were sown on a plastic box and cultivated in growth chambers with different conditions by adjusting daily temperature range (DT, 0 → 10°C), light intensity (LI, 120 → 180 µmol m-2 s-1), and light period (LP, day 12 hours → day 18 hours). The plants were harvested when the leaf length reach 15 cm. The fresh weight was not significantly different between each treatment, yet the growth period was highest in barley sprouts cultivated with DT. Saponarin content was higher in DT, LI and LP than control, and highest saponarin content in DT. In contrast, vitamin C content was highest in control and lowest in DT. Similarly, vitamin B1 and B5 content showed the highest in control. Changes in light and temperature elevated saponarin content in barley sprouts, especially daily temperature range showed a dramatic increase. However, the change in daily temperature range affects an increase in growth period and a decrease in vitamin C content. In conclusion, daily temperature range is the predominant environmental factor to produce saponarin-enriched barley sprouts.Different response of saponarin and vitamin C in barley sprouts to change in daily temperature range.

Biofilm and Gene Expression Characteristics of the Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales, Escherichia coli IMP, and Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1 Associated with Common Bacterial Infections.

In light of the limited therapeutic options with Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections, understanding the bacterial risk factors, such as biofilm formation and related gene expression of CRE, is vital. This study investigates the biofilm formation and biofilm-related gene expression of two enteric Enterobacterales with major CR determinants Escherichia coli IMP and Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1, which were seen in high prevalence in most common bacterial infections over the past few years. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrated the relationship between biofilm formation and the related gene expression, to understand the potential molecular mechanisms during the biofilm formation in CRE. Biofilms were quantified by tissue culture plate assay at the stages of the biofilm development: initial attachment (6 h), microcolony formation (12 h), maturation (24 h), and dispersion (48 h). In a dispersion, event bacteria detach without any mechanical means and colonise another area. To investigate the influence of different growth conditions on biofilm formation, biofilms were quantified under different growth conditions. In parallel, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assessed the biofilm-related gene expression of a cluster of genes, including biofilm maturation, quorum sensing, stress survival, and antibiotic resistance. Structural changes during biofilm development were assessed via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We observed that the biofilm formation of CRE is correlated with the biofilm development stages, with maximum biofilm observed at 24 h at the maturation stage. Our data also showed that biofilm growth, under the condition tested, is the major factor influencing the variability of biofilm gene expression quantification assays. qPCR analyses have demonstrated that the expression of biofilm-related genes is highly correlated with phenotypic biofilm development, and these findings can be further expanded to understand the variation in regulation of such genes in these significant CRE pathogens. Our study demonstrated that both CRE strains, E. coli IMP and K. pneumoniae NDM-1, are high biofilm formers, and genes involved in biofilm development are upregulated during biofilm growth. The characteristic of the increased biofilm formation with the upregulation of antibiotic-resistant and biofilm-related genes indicates the successful pathogenic role of biofilms of these selected CRE and is attributed to their multi-drug resistance ability and successful dissemination of CRE in common bacterial infections.

Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods.

We demonstrate a procedure for the photochemical oxidative growth of iridium oxide catalysts on the surface of seeded cadmium selenide-cadmium sulfide (CdSe@CdS) nanorod photocatalysts. Seeded rods are grown using a colloidal hot-injection method and then moved to an aqueous medium by ligand exchange. CdSe@CdS nanorods, an iridium precursor and other salts are mixed and illuminated. The deposition process is initiated by absorption of photons by the semiconductor particle, which results with formation of charge carriers that are used to promote redox reactions. To insure photochemical oxidative growth we used an electron scavenger. The photogenerated holes oxidize the iridium precursor, apparently in a mediated oxidative pathway. This results in the growth of high quality crystalline iridium oxide particles, ranging from 0.5 nm to about 3 nm, along the surface of the rod. Iridium oxide grown on CdSe@CdS heterostructures was studied by a variety of characterization methods, in order to evaluate its characteristics and quality. We explored means for control over particle size, crystallinity, deposition location on the CdS rod, and composition. Illumination time and excitation wavelength were found to be key parameters for such control. The influence of different growth conditions and the characterization of these heterostructures are described alongside a detailed description of their synthesis. Of significance is the fact that the addition of iridium oxide afforded the rods astounding photochemical stability under prolonged illumination in pure water (alleviating the requirement for hole scavengers).

A Brief Review of the Growth of Pulsed Laser Deposited Thin Films

In recent years, much attention has been emphasized on research to produce thin films using pulsed laser deposition. Therefore, the main objectives in this review were to address some important points such as the influence of different growth conditions on the properties of films using this method. The advantage of this method was discussed which including it could control the dimensions and display good crystallinity. The obtained experimental results from published articles were discussed and analyzed. So that, readers can know that this method could be used to prepare binary, ternary and quaternary films. Lastly, the power conversion efficiency of fabricated solar cells was reported in order to study these films could be applied in solar cell applications.

Influence of different growth conditions on earliness, yield and quality of strawberry production in South Kashmir

Strawberry is one of the important fruit crop of temperate region, hence its cultivation is gaining popularity in Kashmir valley. Yield and fruit quality of strawberry is influenced by a number of factors like growing environment, soil condition and cultivars. Growth and productivity of eight strawberry cultivars were studied during 2009–10 and 2010–11 growing seasons under open and polyhouse conditions at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pulwama of South Kashmir. The study was conducted to identify the suitable environment for earliness and high production of good quality fruits. Under polyhouse conditions, first flower was produced by Tioga after 107 days of planting, whereas Catskill produced after 142 days in open conditions. Chandler produced flower for long duration (46.56 days) along with maximum number of flowers, i.e. 24.15 and 28.64 under both growing conditions, while in open conditions Confutura flowered for maximum number of days, i.e. 62.53 days. Maximum yield was obtained in open conditions from Chandler (2.41 kg/plot) closely followed by Tioga (2.38 kg/plot), while under polyhouse conditions Tioga (1.63 kg/plot) yielded maximum followed by Chandler (1.62 kg/plot). Strawberry fruits were of similar quality regardless of the growing condition, however, earliness in fruiting was evident under protected condition, which also provided protection from low temperatures and in turn, making its cultivation more remunerative. Yield was more under open conditions compared to protected conditions.

Influence of different growth conditions on the survival and the efficacy of freeze-dried Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Pf153

High viability, storability and tolerance to variable environmental conditions are key factors in the development of microbial biological control agents (BCAs). The efficacy of microbial BCAs is influenced by the culture conditions and formulation process. Therefore, we investigated the influence of diverse growth conditions on the survival during freeze-drying and on the biocontrol efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Pf153. Culture time, temperature and media, mild heat shock and pH change influenced the bacterium viability after freeze-drying. The best survival rate was reached by cultivation in King’s broth for 16 or 20 h. Growth temperatures of 25 and 30°C and a mild heat shock at 35°C for one hour influenced the survival rate positively. In all bioassays against Botrytis cinerea on Vicia faba leaves, Pf153 showed a significant increased efficacy compared to the untreated control. No differences of the efficacy between fresh and freeze-dried cells were observed. Furthermore, a growth temperature of 20°C increased the efficacy of Pf153 against B. cinerea. These results underline that the quality of the formulated product can be improved by manipulating the fermentation process.

Effect of Light Intensity and Temperature on Growth and Quality Parameters of Grafted Vines

Light and temperature are the most important environmental conditions that impact the growth and quality of grafted vines. In this research, the most suitable light and temperature conditions were tested to determine the best environment for grafted vines grown in pots. This study was conducted to determine the influence of different growth conditions, such as open field, shaded greenhouse and unshaded greenhouse, on grafted vine growth and quality. The length and diameter of shoot, trunk diameter, mean and total leaf area, total soluble sugars, starch and total carbohydrate contents of ‘Narince’ and ‘Trakya Ilkeren’ vines, grafted on 5C rootstock, were investigated in this study. Shaded conditions yielded significantly higher shoot lengths, mean and total leaf areas than other conditions (p<0.05). Among the growth parameters, the highest correlation (r = 0.819) was observed between shoot length and plant total leaf area (p<0.01). The total soluble sugars, starch and total carbohydrates content of vines under shaded and unshaded conditions were higher (p<0.05) than those under open field conditions. Grafted vines had the highest carbohydrate content in unshaded conditions. Under different light intensity, temperature and relative humidity conditions studied, the better results were obtained in the case of unshaded conditions.

Effect of Light Intensity and Temperature on Growth and Quality Parameters of Grafted Vines

Light and temperature are the most important environmental conditions that impact the growth and quality of grafted vines. In this research, the most suitable light and temperature conditions were tested to determine the best environment for grafted vines grown in pots. This study was conducted to determine the influence of different growth conditions, such as open field, shaded greenhouse and unshaded greenhouse, on grafted vine growth and quality. The length and diameter of shoot, trunk diameter, mean and total leaf area, total soluble sugars, starch and total carbohydrate contents of ‘Narince’ and ‘Trakya Ilkeren’ vines, grafted on 5C rootstock, were investigated in this study. Shaded conditions yielded significantly higher shoot lengths, mean and total leaf areas than other conditions (p<0.05). Among the growth parameters, the highest correlation (r = 0.819) was observed between shoot length and plant total leaf area (p<0.01). The total soluble sugars, starch and total carbohydrates content of vines under shaded and unshaded conditions were higher (p<0.05) than those under open field conditions. Grafted vines had the highest carbohydrate content in unshaded conditions. Under different light intensity, temperature and relative humidity conditions studied, the better results were obtained in the case of unshaded conditions.

Influence of Different Growth Conditions on the Kefir Grains Production, used in the Kefiran Synthesis

The purpose of this study was to optimize the kefir grains biomass production, using milk as culture media. The kefir grains were cultured at different changed conditions (temperature, time, shaker rotating speed, culture media supplemented) to evaluate their effects. Results showed that optimal culture conditions were using the organic skim milk, incubated at 25°C for 24 hours with a rotation rate of 125 rpm. According to results, the growth rate was 38.9 g/L for 24 h, at 25°C using the organic milk - OSM, 36.87 g/L during 24 hours, optimal time for propagation process gave 37.93 g/L kefir grains biomass when the effect of temperature level was tested. The homogenization of medium with shaker rotating induced a greater growth rate, it was obtained 38.9 g/L for 24 h, at 25°C using rotation rate at 125 rpm. The growing medium (conventional milk) supplemented with different minerals and vitamins may lead to improve the growth conditions of kefir grains biomass. The optimization of the growth environment is very important for achieving the maximum production of kefir grains biomass, substrate necessary to obtain the polysaccharide kefiran

Influence of growth conditions on the lateral grain size of AlN film grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

In this paper, we investigate the effect of growth conditions on the quality of AlN film grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. We test and analyze the influence of different growth conditions, such as nitridation time, growth time of AlN buffer layer and the flow rate of carrier gas, on the lateral grain size of AlN film. It is found that the redution of nitridation time, the increase of growth time of AlN buffer layer, and the reduction of the flow rate of carrier gas can enhance the lateral growth of AlN film and coalescence of islands and increase the lateral grain size of AlN film. So the quality of AlN film is improved.

The influence of different growth conditions on the charge density wave transition of 1 T-TiSe 2

Abstract To get insight into the influence of different growth conditions of 1 T-TiSe 2 onto its charge density wave (CDW) phase transition, we have performed angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) on TiSe 2 in its CDW phase at low temperatures comparing the results with resistivity measurements. Though the local resistivity maxima become less pronounced with increasing growth temperatures, we do not find this trend in ARPES. While shape and intensity of the emission near E F change drastically, the backfolded valence bands are not affected. The question of the significance of the peaking resistivity as a characteristical ‘fingerprint’ of the CDW phase transition arises.

Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of quantum-dot nucleation and growth in PbSe/PbEuTe multilayers

We study the influence of different growth conditions on the structural properties of self-organized quantum-dot multilayers PbSe/PbEuTe(111). The kinetic Monte Carlo method is employed and the simulations show that mainly the quality of the dot ordering is affected when the growth conditions are slightly changed.

Growth and characteristics of InAsSb epilayers with a cutoff wavelength of 4.8 μm prepared by one-step liquid phase epitaxy

InAsSb epilayers with a cutoff wavelength of 4.8 μm have been successfully grown on InAs substrates by one-step liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) technology. The epilayers were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmittance measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of different growth conditions on the optical and structural properties of the materials was studied. The results revealed that the good crystalline quality, mirror smooth surface and flat interface of InAsSb epilayers were achieved. They benefited from optimized growth conditions, i.e., sufficient homogeneity of the growth melt and a very slow cooling rate.

Influence of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth conditions on In-rich nanoislands formation in InGaN/GaN structures

The influence of different growth conditions on the In distribution in ultrathin InGaN insertions in a GaN matrix is investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and an appropriate image evaluation technique. It is demonstrated that the indium distribution represents dense arrays of In-rich nanodomains inserted in a layer with a lower indium concentration. The sizes of the In-rich regions are about 4–5 nm at a growth temperature of 720 °C. Increasing the growth temperature leads to a strong decrease in the of nanoisland density and, also, a moderate decrease in their lateral size. Increasing the trimethylindium/trimethylgallium ratio strongly increases the density of the islands, but the lateral size remains weakly effected. The observations are in agreement with a thermodynamic model of island formation including entropy effects.

MnTe/CdTe interfaces characterisation: a magneto-optical study

This paper is devoted to the description of the interface between MnTe and CdTe, and to its magneto-optical properties. Indeed, the epitaxy of an heterojunction with these two II–VI semiconductors tends to form a few monolayers of Cd1−xMnxTe, which is a well known semimagnetic semiconductor very sensitive to a magnetic field [1]. Thus, thanks to the enhanced giant Zeeman splitting of the excitonic line observed in MnTe/CdTe heterostructures under a magnetic field, we have a very powerful tool for probing the quality of this interface at the atomic scale. Systematic studies can be performed in order to analyse the influence of different growth conditions. It is shown that the magnetic properties of MnTe/CdTe interfaces grown at 280°C are mainly due to an exchange between Mn and Cd atoms that occurs, during the growth, between the last incorporated monolayer and the one being grown. Thanks to a modelisation of the kinetics effects in the Mn segregation process, we can compute the Mn concentration profile monolayer by monolayer. We are then able to ‘quantify’ the experimentally observed influence of the substrate temperature, of the impinging fluxes, of the growth method, and finally of the cations involved at the interfaces, on the Mn segregation process. By optimising all these parameters, we show how to control the abruptness of the MnTe/CdTe interfaces.

PEMBE-Growth of Gallium Nitride on (0001) Sapphire: A comparison to MOCVD grown GaN

Thin films of GaN on c-plane sapphire were grown by plasma-enhanced molecular beam epitaxy (PEMBE). The influence of different growth conditions on the quality of the epitaxial layers was studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Hall measurements. For low deposition temperatures, the growth of a thin buffer layer of AlN results in a decrease of the XRD rocking curve full width at half maximum (FWHM) but also in poorer quality in electronic and optical properties. Samples of 3μm thickness with 570 arcsec FWHM in the XRD rocking curve, a near band gap PL-emission FWHM at 5 K of 7 meV, charge carrier densities of ne = 2 × 1017 cm−3, and Hall mobilities of 270 cm2/Vs at 300 K were grown without a buffer layer. A comparison of the morphology and XRD rocking curves with those of GaN films deposited by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) shows that the two methods have different growth mechanisms.

The influence of cell co-operation, nutrients and surface area on cell division.

Two opposite views have been proposed to explain the decline of the growth potential in cell populations with a limited life span: 1 variations in the probability of cycling and in cycling times or 2 a progressive increase in the nondividing cell fraction. Human brain-derived cells were studied with respect to their proliferative potential under the influence of different growth conditions, using haptotactic palladium islands on agarose. The results emphasize the need for cell co-operation, surface area and nutrients for cell division. These parameters also influence the final cell density. The results illustrate the multiple factors that can vary the probability of initiating the division cycle and stress the uncertainty of defining the irreversible non-dividing state.

The mechanism of formation of microdefects in silicon

Three types of microdefects, formed by the agglomeration of either self-interstitials or vacancies, have been observed in dislocation-free silicon crystals grown by the pedestal pulling technique. From the microdefect distribution in quenched crystals it is concluded that the dominant type of point defect at the melting point of silicon is the vacancy, whereas an excess of self-interstitials is usually present at lower temperatures. It is suggested that a fraction of the carbon atoms in the crystal is incorporated at interstitial lattice sites and that the interaction of interstitial carbon with vacancies is responsible for the change in the dominant type of point defect. A model is described, which is based on this assumption, and it is shown that the influence of different growth conditions on the formation, the elimination and the spatial distribution of all three types of microdefects can be explained with this model.