Abstract
Light and temperature are the most important environmental conditions that impact the growth and quality of grafted vines. In this research, the most suitable light and temperature conditions were tested to determine the best environment for grafted vines grown in pots. This study was conducted to determine the influence of different growth conditions, such as open field, shaded greenhouse and unshaded greenhouse, on grafted vine growth and quality. The length and diameter of shoot, trunk diameter, mean and total leaf area, total soluble sugars, starch and total carbohydrate contents of ‘Narince’ and ‘Trakya Ilkeren’ vines, grafted on 5C rootstock, were investigated in this study. Shaded conditions yielded significantly higher shoot lengths, mean and total leaf areas than other conditions (p<0.05). Among the growth parameters, the highest correlation (r = 0.819) was observed between shoot length and plant total leaf area (p<0.01). The total soluble sugars, starch and total carbohydrates content of vines under shaded and unshaded conditions were higher (p<0.05) than those under open field conditions. Grafted vines had the highest carbohydrate content in unshaded conditions. Under different light intensity, temperature and relative humidity conditions studied, the better results were obtained in the case of unshaded conditions.
Highlights
Grafting Vitis vinifera varieties onto resistant rootstocks represents the most effective way of protecting crops against phylloxera (Vršič et al, 2004)
Humidity and light intensity Data related to average temperature (°C), relative humidity (%) and light intensity determined daily after the planting of grafted cuttings during the research are shown in Tab. 1 and Fig. 1, 2 and 3
Relative humidity and light intensity values under different growth conditions throughout the growth seasons of experimental years are provided in Tab. 1
Summary
Grafting Vitis vinifera varieties onto resistant rootstocks represents the most effective way of protecting crops against phylloxera (Vršič et al, 2004). Quality grafted vines allow for the successful growth and development of both root and vegetative organs after planted in a vineyard. Sivritepe and Türkben (2001) was obtained rooting grafted cuttings between 30.47% and 73.75% on five different rootstocks belonging to the ‘Müşküle’ grape variety at 25±2°C temperature, 70-75% humidity and 16 hours photoperiod. Yılma (1996) stated that 5BB grafting cuttings of ‘Abalıkoca’ and ‘Kazova’ grapes grown under white transparent polythene plastic mini tunnel systems gave the highest rooting rate. Light is another crucial environmental factor determining the morphology and physiology of leaves (Neri et al, 2003). Sultanina grapes growing under greenhouse conditions required light intensity and temperature at respective rates of 60.000 lux and 25°C for optimum assimilation rates (Kriedemann, 1968). Kısmalı (1984) reported certain increases in photosynthesis capacities with increasing light intensities of greenhouses and noted that photosynthesis reached full capacity at a certain point even with increasing light intensities
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