Influence Of Different Fillers Research Articles

Mechanical properties of an energy-efficient straw-filled honeycomb plate with cement-based skins under a hammer impact test

To promote the application of a new type of bionic energy-efficient sandwich plate with light weight and high strength in the construction field, a drop hammer impact test was adopted to determine the impact mechanical properties and influencing mechanism of fiber reinforced cement-based energy-efficient honeycomb plates with different core fillers (shredded straw and glass beads). The results show that compared with unfilled honeycomb plates (CHP), the contact force–time curves of energy-efficient plates have an obvious secondary peak, and the size of the damaged area on the back side of the upper skin is significantly reduced. Additionally, the presence of fillers in the energy-efficient plates provide a certain constraint on the deformation of honeycomb walls and skins, and slightly increase the size of the secondary peak. Furthermore, this study qualitatively reveals the influence mechanisms of the flexural stiffness of the sandwich plates, the morphology of damaged skins and fillers, the deformation pattern of the honeycomb core. The results provide a reference for subsequent research on the influence of different fillers on sandwich plates.

Influence of Carbon-Based Fillers on the Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of a Silicone-Potting Compound.

The effect of carbon-based additives on adhesives and potting compounds with regard to electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties is of great interest. The increasing power of wireless systems and the ever-higher frequency bands place new demands on shielding technology. This publication gives an overview of the effect of carbon-based fillers on electrical conductivity, electromagnetic shielding properties, and the influence of different fillers and filler amounts on rheological behavior. This work focuses on carbon black (CB), recycled carbon fibers (rCF), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and complex nanomaterials. Therefore, silicon samples with different fillers and filler amounts were prepared using a dual asymmetric centrifuge and a three-roll mill. It has been found that even with small filler amounts, the electromagnetic shielding properties were drastically raised. The filler content as well as the dispersion technique have a significant influence on most of the fillers. It has also been found that the complex viscosity is strongly influenced by the dispersion technique as well as by the choice and amount of filler. In the experiments carried out, shielding values of over 20 dB were achieved with several fillers, whereby even 43 dB were reached with complex, pre-crosslinked fillers. This signal reduction of up to 99.99% enables almost complete shielding of the related frequency.

Joining C/C composite in a few seconds using refectory high entropy alloy fillers via spark plasma sintering

C/C composites were flash joined with ZrHfNbTa and TiZrHfTa refectory high entropy alloy fillers using spark plasma sintering within a short time frame of 16 s. The influence of different fillers on the joint morphology, shear strength at room temperature, and fracture behavior was investigated. The results indicated that the ZrHfNbTa filler completely transformed into carbide after flash SPS joining for 16 s, while the TiZrHfTa filler exhibited a (Ti-Zr-Hf-Ta)C phase, along with a small amount of TiTa rich alloy phase in the central area. The shear strengths of the obtained C/C composite joints using ZrHfNbTa and TiZrHfTa fillers at room temperature were close, with value of 16.0 ± 2.4 MPa and 14.1 ± 2.0 MPa, respectively. This work introduces a novel and flexible processing approach for joining high temperature resistant materials.

Influence of filler type and content on thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of thermoplastic compounds

AbstractCombining thermal conductivity with electrical isolation is a very interesting topic for electronic applications in order to transfer the generated heat. Typical approaches combine thermally conductive fillers with a thermoplastic matrix. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of different fillers and matrices on the thermal conductivity of the polymer matrix composites. In this study, various inorganic fillers, including aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zinc oxide (ZnO), and boron nitride (BN) with different shapes and sizes, were used in matrix polymers, such as polyamide 6 (PA6), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and polysulfone (PSU), to produce thermally conductive polymer matrix composites by compounding and injection molding. Using simple mathematical models (e.g., Agari model, Lewis–Nielson model), a first attempt was made to predict thermal conductivity from constituent properties. The materials were characterized by tensile testing, density measurement, and thermal conductivity measurement. Contact angle measurements and the calculated surface energy can be used to evaluate the wetting behavior, which correlates directly with the elastic modulus. Based on the aforementioned evaluations, we found that besides the volume fraction, the particle shape in combination with the intrinsic thermal conductivity of the filler has the greatest influence on the thermal conductivity of the composite.

Shear Characteristics of Gravel Soil With Different Fillers

In recent years, China has established many large water conservancy projects in the western mountainous areas. However, dam foundation excavation produces a huge amount of waste rock mixture. A soil-rock mixture with unique structural characteristics can easily cause geological disasters, such as collapse, landslide, and debris flow following an earthquake, rainfall, and engineering disturbance. Therefore, research on the strength and shear characteristics of the soil-rock mixture is beneficial to avoiding soil-rock mixture disasters. In this study, the soil-rock mixture in the slag dump site of Jinping Hydropower station is taken as the research object. The influence of different fillers on the gravel soil shear characteristics is investigated through a large-scale triaxial test of coarse-grained soil. The slope stability of the slag dump site is analyzed using Midas GTS. Then, the most unfavorable sliding surface of the slag dump site is discovered and the slope stability coefficient under the most unfavorable conditions is calculated. The results lay a scientific foundation for the design and construction of a slag dump slope.

Study on tribological properties of epoxy resin composites

Abstract Epoxy resin has been widely used in many fields. The improvement of friction and wear property can further expand the application range of epoxy resin. Filling modification can improve the tribological state of epoxy resin and improve the friction and wear property of epoxy resin. This paper summarizes the research of epoxy resin composite material tribology performance at the forefront of progress. The influence of different fillers on the friction and wear properties of epoxy resin composite materials was discussed from the aspects of the single filling of nano-filler, organic materials and inorganic lubricating fillers and the compound filling of inorganic or organic-inorganic fiber-filler. Many researching literature shows. The mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites are strengthened by adding filler to epoxy resin to improve the load bearing capacity of epoxy resin composites during friction. At the same time, add filler to reduce the surface of epoxy resin and the friction pair of duality between the caking property, and in the process of friction is easy to form transfer film, transfer film to isolate the direct contact of the friction surface, composite materials and the dual friction between surfaces into composite materials and transfer film, the friction between improved tribological condition between the friction pair, reduce the friction coefficient and wear rate of epoxy resin composites multiple fillers can improve the wear resistance and reduce the friction coefficient of epoxy resin composites, so that the epoxy resin composites have better tribological properties.

Large Scale 3D Printing: Influence of Fillers on Warp Deformation and on Mechanical Properties of Printed Polypropylene Components

AbstractAdditive manufacturing processes are still on the way from a prototyping process to an established serial production process. Often the limiting factors are the variety and costs of materials compared with standard materials. Polypropylene is a commonly used material in series production. The processing of polypropylene in additive‐ and extrusion‐based manufacturing processes is still a challenge. A big issue in pellet‐based large scale additive manufacturing of polypropylene is to achieve dimensional accuracy of the printed parts. Due to the semi‐crystalline nature of polypropylene and its low adhesive force on standard printing surfaces (aluminum) the fabricated parts tend to warp and deviate from the geometric shape. In this paper the influence of a melt adhesive and different filler types (glass fibers, glass bubbles, and talcum) on the warpage behavior of 3D printed polypropylene parts is investigated. Another issue in additive manufacturing is the mechanical properties of the fabricated parts compared to injection molded parts. The mechanical properties of 3D printed parts often show a dependency on the print direction, especially in case of using fillers with an anisotropic shape (fibers). In this study the influence of different fillers on mechanical properties and process indicated orientation is analyzed.

Functionality of disintegrants with different mechanisms after roll compaction.

The aim of this study was to investigate the functionality of two disintegrants (crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium) in tablet formulations processed via roll compaction and subsequent tableting. The influence of different fillers and the effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on the disintegration process were studied using full factorial design. For a direct comparison of disintegrant functionality, the center point formulations were manufactured via direct compression. Tablet characteristics, such as tensile strength, solid fraction, disintegration time and mechanism, and dissolution profile were determined. The results allow the conclusion that the functionality of the disintegrants is impaired by dry granulation. Both the disintegration mechanism and the disintegration time were different when comparing tablets made after dry granulation and by direct compression. The effect was more pronounced on the functionality of crospovidone than on that of croscarmellose sodium. In addition, sodium lauryl sulfate showed a notable influence on all tablet properties due to its lubricating effect. The variation of the filler also had a remarkable effect on the tablet characteristics. The results link excipient functionality to drug product properties depending on the applied manufacturing process and could contribute to extend the Manufacturing Classification System to excipient characteristics.

Study and optimization of styrene waste gas purification process in bioscrubber

In order to explore the removal effect of styrene waste gas by bioscrubber with multi-sided hollow spheres as filler, the residence time, circulating liquid pH and gas-liquid ratio were taken as experimental factors, and the removal rate of styrene was taken as the response value. The experiment was designed according to Box-Behnken, and the response surface analysis method was adopted to establish the corresponding predictive regression model and conduct the analysis of variance. The optimization module of Design-Expert software was used to optimize the optimal combination of all process parameters: the residence time was 43.18 s, the pH of circulating liquid was 7.61, and the gas-liquid ratio was 3.95. Under this condition, the removal rate of styrene was 88.52%. The influence of different fillers on the purification performance of biological tower was compared and analyzed, so as to provide the basis and basis for the application of efficient VOCs processing technology in bioscrubber.

Influence of fillers on the re-crystallization and dielectric properties of 60ZnO-30B2O3-10SiO2 glass

This paper reports re-crystallization behaviour of 60ZnO-30B2O3-10SiO2 pure glass. Influence of different fillers on the re-crystallization is also highlighted. Irrespective of the nature of the filler, glass transition temperature (Tg) remains the same as that of the pure glass at 570 °C. The onset crystallization temperature is enhanced by 15 to 25 °C owing to filler addition. The peak crystallization temperature corresponding to Zn3B2O6, ZnB2O4 and willemite occurs at 735, 810 and 851 °C for the pure glass. In the presence of alumina, gahnite emerges first at 700 °C followed by ZnB2O4 phase. With mullite as filler, initially ZnB2O4 and willemite formed at 700 °C and gahnite phase emerged only at 750 °C and peaks at 787 °C. In the presence of fused silica only ZnB2O4 and willemite phases were observed. The dielectric properties of the pure glass and that of the glass + fillers are also reported. Re-crystallization of various low K phases ensures good dielectric porpertis with reduced glass content after sintenring.

Influence of different fillers and SBS modified bituminous blends on fatigue, self-healing and thixotropic performance of mastics

The prediction of asphalt pavement performance is closely linked to the behaviour of mastic, consisting of filler and bitumen, which can be modelled as viscoelastic material. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different fillers and bituminous blends on mastic fatigue response, considering recoverable phenomena in viscoelastic materials (thixotropy and self-healing) that concurrently occur. Three fillers (limestone, basalt and Portland cement) and three aged polymer modified bitumen contents (0%, 45% and 100%) were blended with a virgin polymer modified bitumen obtaining nine mastics characterised in terms of fatigue, self-healing and thixotropy using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer. Data obtained are analysed through a model previously adopted for polymer modified bitumens and mastics, allowing the determination of the fatigue endurance limit. Results show that the presence of filler with increasing particle density and/or Rigden voids causes a higher mastic stiffness without a clear trend on fatigue performance. In fact, great attention should be put on filler-bitumen interactions based on the physicochemical nature of filler. Moreover, whatever the filler considered, an enhancement in the fatigue endurance limit is detected in the mastics blended with a percentage of aged polymer modified bitumen (up to 45%), promoting the addition of Reclaimed Asphalt to obtain more performing and sustainable recycled mixtures.

Influence of Different Fillers in Polymer Matrix of Single Roving on the Tensile Properties

Technical textiles and composite materials in general becomes more and more popular for the reinforcing of concrete elements. These materials are very often combined with high performance fine grain concretes with big surface quality. High performance concretes developed rapidly in the last decade and therefore also composite materials must be developed hand in hand with concrete. One possibility is to further imrove basic material or roving itself, but this article is focused on improving of the polymer matrix. As a matrix in this presented article was used epoxy resin. The purpose of the experiment was to improve the tensile parameters of composite reinforcement by adding fillers into the matrix. Fillers improve interaction between individual fibers and thatks to that improve parameters of entire composite.

The influence of different fillers on mechanical and physical properties of high-molecular-weight biodegradable aliphatic polyesters

Poly(ethylene succinate) and poly(butylene succinate) are synthetic biodegradable polymers, and much attention is paid to study the properties of pure polymers and the polymers modified by different comonomers and filling materials. The literature data on the physical properties of these polymers vary widely depending on their method of preparation and subsequent modifications. Most of the studies deal with low- and moderate-molecular-weight polymers or commercial grade polymers, modified by different comonomers and chain-extension agents. The data on pure high-molecular-weight polymers are scarce. In this work, we have prepared high-molecular-weight (MW range of (1.4–1.8) × 105) poly(ethylene succinate) and poly(butylene succinate) by direct polycondensation at 200°C in a nitrogen flow without chain-extension agents. We have further studied the properties of pure polymers and examined the effect of different fillers (carbon nanotubes, SiO2, Aerosil®) on the mechanical and physical properties of these polymers. Because of high-molecular-weight, the polymers possess increased tensile and storage moduli and thermostability. Even very low filler contents (up to 1 wt %) have a pronounced influence on the polymer properties: the polymer tensile and the storage modulus increases, the elongation at break decreases, and the thermal stability of the polymers decreases slightly. The effects of fillers are less pronounced compared with those for low- and moderate-molecular-weight polymers. When mixed together, poly(ethylene succinate) and poly(butylene succinate) crystallize independently from each other as evident from the mechanical and thermal analysis data.

Modeling Kapitza resistance of two-phase composite material

We predict the thermal conductivity of polymer-matrix composites accounting for the interface conductance. We also study the influence of different fillers, i.e. spherical, cylindrical and plate-like fillers (fullerene, carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets) with different ratios (plate diameter to plate thickness and length to diameter ratios for plate-like and cylindrical fillers, respectively). Therefore, we exploit computational homogenization based on representative volume elements (RVEs). We also compare the results to analytical homogenization methods, i.e. the Maxwell–Garnett type effective medium approximation (MG-EMA) and the Mori–Tanaka method; the first method accounts for the interface conductance. As expected, the highest increase in the thermal conductivity is achieved for the cylindrical fillers due to the highest surface-to-volume ratio. Simulations at the nano- and micro-scale reveal that the interface conductance looses relevance at the larger length scales while it has a substantial influence at the nano-scale. Furthermore, we demonstrate that functionalization and increasing the number of segregated graphene sheets can significantly increase the thermal conductivity. Our 3D finite element model reveals that Maxwell–Garnett type effective medium approximation (MG-EMA) and the Mori–Tanaka method cannot be considered as accurate modeling approaches to predict the thermal conductivity of nanocomposite materials. Our investigation therefore highlights the need for more elaborated models in order to more reliably predict the heat transfer of the nanocomposite structures.

Selective Laser Sintering of Filled Polymer Systems: Bulk Properties and Laser Beam Material Interaction

Additive manufacturing techniques, such as selective laser melting of plastics, generate components directly from a CAD data set without using a specific mold. The range of materials commercially available for selective laser sintering merely includes some semi crystalline polymers mainly polyamides, which leads to an absence of realizable component properties.The presented investigations are concerned with the manufacturing and analysis of components made from filled polymer systems by means of selective laser sintering. The test specimens were generated at varied filler concentration, filler types and manufacturing parameter like laser power or scan speed. In addition to the characterization of the mixed powders, resulting melt depth were analyzed in order to investigate the beam material interaction. The basic understanding of the influence of different fillers, filler concentration and manufacturing parameters on resulting component properties will lead to new realizable component properties and thus fields of application of selective laser sintering.

Preparation of microcellular low-density PMMA nanocomposite foams: Influence of different fillers on the mechanical, rheological and cell morphological properties

Abstract Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating talc, carbon black (CB) and thermally reduced graphite oxide (TRGO) respectively. At a loading content of 5 wt %, the fillers were well dispersed within the PMMA matrix with the exception of CB. As expected, the inclusion of the respective fillers led to an increase of the tensile modulus at the expense of tensile strength and elongation at break compared to neat PMMA. The addition of TRGO (5 wt %) increased the dynamic complex shear viscosity (η*) and storage modulus (G/) of PMMA by one order of magnitude compared to talc and CB at the same concentration. Van Gurp-Palmen-plot further revealed the formation of filler network only for CB and TRGO particles. Physisorption measurements showed that TRGO and CB fillers were more CO2-phillic in comparison to talc and may have contributed to increasing the amount of CO2 retention as confirmed by sorption measurements. These features were exploited to prepare closed-cell microcellular low-density PMMA nanocomposite foams via batch-foam process.

Influence of Different Fillers on Natural Rubber Composites to Assess Mechanical Performance

Effect of different fillers on natural rubber compounds was investigated through curing, mechanical properties and morphology studies for improving mechanical performance of rubber articles. In this work, natural rubber blends with Silica as Single-filler compounds, and blends with Silica and Carbon black as Bi-filler compounds were considered. Then, natural rubber blends with Silica, Carbon black, and Waste Tyre Rubber (WTR) particles as Tri-filler compounds were synthesized by a two - roll mill in specified operating conditions. In addition, natural rubber vulcanizate was prepared by using the same process. The different proportions were presented in Bi and Tri-filler compounds (10, 20, 25, 30, 40 phr) on CB and CB-WTR respectively, whereas Silica was fixed at 20 phr. Curing characteristics showed that scorch time and optimum cure time significantly decreased with compared to natural rubber(NR) vulcanizate in all filler ranges. Whereas, minimum and maximum torque increased trend in all filler ranges. Cure rate index (CRI) also present and it showed significant good variation with the NR vulcanizate. Mechanical properties showed that tensile strength increased up to 30phr of CB in Bi-filler and it increased up to 10 phr with the addition of CB-WTR in Tri-filler compounds. Elongation at break decreased trend in Bi-filler and Tri-filler compounds, whereas maximum value was observed in single-filler compound. Hardness increased trend with addition of CB-WTR in Tri-filler, and it increased up to 25phr in Bi filler compounds. Tensile Modulus increased up to 25phr in Tri-filler and it increased trend in Bi-filler compounds. Tear strength increased up to 20phr and 25phr in Bi and Tri-fillers respectively. Morphological study showed that better filler dispersion and good interfacial adhesion by the natural rubber matrix increased the tensile strength and opposite in tear strength. Among the rubber materials tested, Bi-filler compounds were found to be more suitable for improving the mechanical performance in the rubber applications.

Influence of different fillers on phenolic resin abrasive composites. Comparison of inverse gas chromatographic and dynamic mechanical–thermal analysis characteristics

The resin resol with selected zeolites fillers and abrasive grain (fused alumina) in a form of cuboid were studied as model material of investigated composites. Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was used to determine the degree of hardening of studied resol and resol in the filler–resol composites. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) was used for assessment of the influence of different inorganic fillers on the thermo-mechanical properties of phenolic resin, applied as a binder in manufacturing of abrasive articles. The application of IGC method supported by DMTA analyses makes possible to assess filler/resin interactions and hardening of resin matrix. These results can be applied in industry of abrasive articles. Moreover, presented measurements are cost-effective – there is no need to produce trial product. It was evidenced that fillers reveal significant impact on the thermo-mechanical behaviour of model semi-product used for production of abrasive articles.

Cross-linked cellulose as a tablet excipient: A binding/disintegrating agent

The properties of a new tablet binding/disintegrating agent, cross-linked cellulose (CLC), were evaluated in comparison with other binding/disintegrating agents widely used in tablet manufacture such as Avicel PH101® and Avicel PH102®, as well as with superdisintegrants known for their high efficiency such as Ac-Di-Sol™ and Explotab®. CLC-C25 was obtained by a simple reaction of cellulose with epichlorohydrin in a strongly basic medium. The granule swelling power, and the rate and amount of water uptake of tablets were determined. The influence of different fillers was evaluated by measuring the disintegration time and the crushing strength of the tablets. The effect of CLC-C25 concentration on the physical properties of direct compressed tablets was also studied. CLC-C25 demonstrated good binding/disintegrating properties.

Stability of radicals in cured composite materials

During the radical polymerization of dental composites, the monomers polymerize to form a three-dimensional network containing remaining double bonds and free radicals. At 37°C, these radicals decompose logarithmically with a half-life of 2–5 d. In this study, the half-life of radicals in a light-cured inlay composite was determined at different temperatures, and the influence of different fillers and filler amounts on the stability of these radicals in light-cured experimental composites was investigated. There is a strong logarithmic relationship between the half-life of the radicals and temperature. At a constant temperature, the half-life of radicals depends on the type of filler, the filler fraction, and the filler surface treatment. The stability of radicals determines to a great extend the adhesion of one composite to another, such as the adhesion of a luting cement to an inlay material.