Influence Of Dietary Habits Research Articles

Human biomonitoring follow-up study on PFOA contamination and investigation of possible influencing factors on PFOA exposure in a German population originally exposed to emissions from a fluoropolymer production plant

BackgroundIn the past, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was produced and applied as an emulsifier in a fluoropolymer production plant in the Altötting district, southern Bavaria (Germany). This chemical was released directly into the environment, resulting in the contamination of the local drinking water. During a human biomonitoring (HBM) survey in 2018, increased median PFOA blood serum levels, compared to a normally exposed control group with no known source of PFOA exposure from Munich, Germany, were detected in the resident population (23.18 μg/l in the general population, 20.71 μg/l in the children's group). The follow-up study aimed to investigate whether purification of the drinking water as the main PFOA exposure source has been successful in reducing internal PFOA exposure and to estimate the association of internal PFOA exposure with possible influencing factors. MethodsOnly individuals who had already participated in the HBM study in 2018 were included. For the determination of the PFOA serum concentration, 5 ml of blood was drawn from each participating person. Blood samples were collected in the period from June to August 2022. Furthermore, information on sociodemographic characteristics, health status, dietary behaviour and other lifestyle factors were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. To examine the association of PFOA blood serum levels with possible influencing factors, such as age, gender and consumption of fish and game meat, a logistic regression model with a PFOA value > 10 μg/l as outcome was used. ResultsA total of 764 individuals participated in the follow-up study in 2022. Analyses were performed separately for the general population (n = 559), women of reproductive age (15–49 years old) (n = 120), and children under 12 years old (n = 30). Median PFOA blood levels have decreased by 56.9% in the general population, by 59.8% in the group of women of reproductive age and by 73.4% in the group of children under 12 years old. In the general population, a higher probability of a PFOA value > 10 μg/l was found for those aged 40–59 years (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.33 (95%CI: 1.23 to 4.43, p = 0.01) and those aged 60 years and older (OR = 5.32, 95%CI: 2.78 to 10.19, p < 0.001). ConclusionsIn all study groups, the median PFOA serum levels decreased as expected after a half-life of four years, which confirms that contamination via drinking water has ceased. Furthermore, our study identified age as a significant predictor of internal PFOA exposure, while no influence was found for the consumption of fish and game meat. Further investigations are needed to quantify in a more detailed way the influence of dietary habits on PFOA exposure.

The Levels of Leptin, Cystatin C, Neuropilin-1 and Tau Protein in Relation to Dietary Habits in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in older people. Its prevalence is expected to increase, and therefore it poses a serious challenge to the healthcare system. The aim of the study was to assess the concentration of leptin, cystatin C, neuropilin-1 and tau protein, as well as the influence of dietary habits on these parameters, in a group of AD patients (n = 110) compared to 60 healthy people (n = 60). It has been shown that AD patients, compared to healthy people, are characterized by significantly higher median concentrations of leptin (9.97 vs. 3.08), cystatin c (1.53 vs. 0.56) and tau protein (8.46 vs. 4.19), but significantly lower median neuropilin-1 (69.94 vs. 167.28). Multiple regression analyses showed that leptin levels could be explained by dietary habits in 27%, cystatin C in 51%, neuropilin-1 in 41% and tau protein in 25% of cases. Modification of eating habits may contribute to improving the values of the discussed parameters.

Relationship between smartphone addiction and eating disorders and lifestyle among Chinese college students.

Smartphone addiction has been a matter of serious concern among society and parents because of its high incidence and serious negative effects. This study aimed to determine the association between smartphone addiction and eating disorders and lifestyle changes among college students. The present article is a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 1,112 college students from several universities in Chengdu, China. The data were collected by using the Chinese version of the Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI) and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). In addition, the information on sociodemographic, lifestyle, and smartphone use were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. The prevalence of smartphone addiction among the students involved in the study was 22.6%, of which 10.4% were at risk for eating disorders. Female students had higher MPAI scores and EAT-26 scores than male students (p < 0.001). The proportion of male students with a risk of eating disorders was significantly higher than that of female students (p < 0.05). The total EAT-26 scores of students with smartphone addiction were higher than that of others (p < 0.001). The correlation analysis indicated that the MPAI scores were significantly positively correlated with the EAT-26 scores, depression and anxiety, difficulty in falling asleep at night, the frequency of eating fast food and drinking carbonated soft drink (p < 0.01). In addition, the MPAI scores were significantly negatively correlated with skipping breakfast and the frequency of physical activity (p < 0.05). Smartphone addiction is significantly associated with eating disorders, eating habits, and lifestyle. The influence of dietary habits and lifestyle needs to be considered for the prevention and development of an intervention for smartphone addiction among college students.

Influence of dietary habits on depression among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional study using KURAMA cohort database.

ObjectiveAlthough mental disorder is one of the most common comorbidities of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is known as a critical influence on RA remission rates, there is little knowledge regarding a possible therapeutic strategy for depression or anxiety in a RA population. Most recently, clinical evidence of dietary improvement for depression has emerged in a general population, but the relationship between dietary habits and mental disorder has not been investigated in RA. The purpose of this study is to elucidate clinical associations between mental disorder (depression/anxiety), dietary habits and disease activity/physical function in patients with RA.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed with 267 female outpatients from the KURAMA database. Using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), we classified the participants into three groups by depression state, and their characteristics were compared. Using the 20-items on the self-reported food frequency questionnaire, we investigated the relationship between dietary habits and depression or anxiety, adopting a trend test and a multivariate standardized linear regression analysis for the HADS score of depression or that of anxiety as a dependent variable.ResultsAccording to the classified stage of depression, current disease activity (DAS28-CRP: 28-Joint RA Disease Activity Score-C-reactive protein) and the health assessment questionnaire disability Index (HAQ-DI) were significantly increased. Trend analyses revealed that the depression score was inversely associated with the consumption of three food (fish, vegetables and fruit) out of twenty as was the anxiety score with only fish intake. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the depression score was negatively associated with frequent fish intake (≥ 3 times per week) (Estimate -0.53, p = 0.033), HAQ-DI score within normal range (Estimate -0.88, p ≤ 0.001) and MTX use (Estimate -0.60, p ≤ 0.023). For the anxiety score, multivariate analysis showed similar but not significant associations with variables except for HAQ-DI score.ConclusionsIn a RA population, both depression and anxiety had a significant and negative association with HAQ-DI score, and depression rather than anxiety had negative association with frequent fish intake. Modification of dietary habits such as increased fish consumption may have a beneficial effect on the depression state in RA patients.

Re: "Influence of Dietary Habits on Oxidative Stress Markers in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis" by Ruggeri et al.

ThyroidVol. 31, No. 4 Letters to the EditorRe: “Influence of Dietary Habits on Oxidative Stress Markers in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis” by Ruggeri et al.Bağdagül Yüksel Güler and Cem HaymanaBağdagül Yüksel GülerAddress correspondence to: Bağdagül Yüksel Güler, MD, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Ankara 06010, Turkey E-mail Address: bagdagulyuksel@gmail.comGulhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.Search for more papers by this author and Cem HaymanaGulhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:12 Apr 2021https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2021.0022AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail View article"Re: “Influence of Dietary Habits on Oxidative Stress Markers in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis” by Ruggeri et al.." Thyroid, 31(4), p. 705FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byResponse to Yüksel Güler and Haymana re: “Influence of Dietary Habits on Oxidative Stress Markers in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis” Rosaria Maddelena Ruggeri12 April 2021 | Thyroid, Vol. 31, No. 4 Volume 31Issue 4Apr 2021 InformationCopyright 2021, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishersTo cite this article:Bağdagül Yüksel Güler and Cem Haymana.Re: “Influence of Dietary Habits on Oxidative Stress Markers in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis” by Ruggeri et al..Thyroid.Apr 2021.705-705.http://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2021.0022Published in Volume: 31 Issue 4: April 12, 2021Online Ahead of Print:March 4, 2021Online Ahead of Editing: February 2, 2021PDF download

Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Dietary Habits and Stress in Working Women

Background: Functional gastro-intestinal disorders are mostly found in women due to the fluctuations infemale sex hormones. The effects of hormones and stress have a great influence over the gastrointestinalsymptoms and causes impaired bowel symptoms.Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the findingsmay fetch more data on the influence of dietary habits and stress in the causation of IBS.Materials and Method: The study was conducted among 188 women employees from Manipal Academyof Higher Education institutes of Manipal using stratified proportionate sampling. A validated questionnairewas used for assessing the symptoms, dietary habits and stress causing IBS.Results: The results revealed that, 19(10.1%) participants reported having IBS symptoms. Majority,12(63.3%) expressed having moderate perceived stress. Chi-square analysis proved statistically significantassociation between the IBS symptoms experienced and milk intake (?2=11.329, p=.010) as well as stress(?2=14.293, p=.001).Conclusion: The working women population remains the vulnerable group of IBS sufferers due to lack oftime and being negligent towards their health.

Influence of Dietary Habits and Mediterranean Diet Adherence on Sleep Quality during Pregnancy. The GESTAFIT Project.

We examined the association of the dietary habits and the Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence with sleep quality during pregnancy. A food frequency questionnaire and the Mediterranean Food Pattern were employed to assess dietary habits and MD adherence, respectively. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score (n = 150; mean age 32.9 ± 4.6 years). A higher consumption of fruits was associated with better sleep quality at the 16th gestational week (g.w.; p < 0.05). A greater olive oil consumption and a higher MD adherence were associated with better sleep quality at the 16th and 34th g.w. (all, p < 0.05). Contrarily, a higher red meat and subproducts consumption was associated with worse sleep quality at the 34th g.w. (p < 0.05). The group with the highest adherence to the MD (Tertile 3) showed better sleep quality than the group with the lowest adherence (Tertile 1) at the 16th and 34th g.w. (both, p < 0.05). A higher adherence to the MD, a greater intake of fruits and olive oil and a lower intake of red meat and subproducts were associated with better sleep quality along the pregnancy course, especially among sedentary women.

Influence of Dietary Habits on Oxidative Stress Markers in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.

Background: There is a growing awareness that nutritional habits may influence risk of several inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders, including autoimmune diseases, through various mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate dietary habits and their relationship with redox homeostasis in the setting of thyroid autoimmunity. Materials and Methods: Two hundred subjects (173 females and 27 males; median age, 37 years) were enrolled. None were under any pharmacological treatment. Exclusion criteria were any infectious/inflammatory/autoimmune comorbidity, kidney failure, diabetes, and cancer. In each subject, serum thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine, antithyroid antibodies, and circulating oxidative stress markers were measured. A questionnaire on dietary habits, evaluating the intake frequencies of food groups and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, was submitted to each participant. Results: Among the 200 recruited subjects, 81 (71 females and 10 males) were diagnosed with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT); the remaining 119 (102 females and 17 males) served as controls. In questionnaires, HT subjects reported higher intake frequencies of animal foods (meat, p = 0.0001; fish, p = 0.0001; dairy products, p = 0.004) compared with controls, who reported higher intake frequencies of plant foods (legumes, p = 0.001; fruits and vegetables, p = 0.030; nuts, p = 0.0005). The number of subjects who preferentially consumed poultry instead of red/processed meat was lower in HT subjects than in controls (p = 0.0141). In logistic regression analysis, meat consumption was associated with increased odds ratio of developing thyroid autoimmunity, while the Mediterranean diet traits were protective. In HT subjects, serum advanced glycation end products (markers of oxidative stress) were significantly higher (p = 0.0001) than in controls, while the activity of glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, as well as total plasma antioxidant activity, were lower (p = 0.020, p = 0.023, and p = 0.002, respectively), indicating a condition of oxidative stress. Stepwise regression models demonstrated a significant dependence of oxidative stress parameters on consumption of animal foods, mainly meat. Conclusions: The present study suggests a protective effect of low intake of animal foods toward thyroid autoimmunity and a positive influence of such nutritional patterns on redox balance and potentially on oxidative stress-related disorders.

Dietary Carbohydrates and Lipids in the Pathogenesis of Leaky Gut Syndrome: An Overview

This review summarizes the recent knowledge on the effects of dietary carbohydrates and lipids on the pathophysiology of leaky gut syndrome (LGS). Alterations in intestinal barrier permeability may lead to serious gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. LGS is caused by intestinal hyperpermeability due to changes in the expression levels and functioning of tight junctions. The influence of dietary habits on intestinal physiology is clearly visible in incidence rates of intestinal diseases in industrial and developing countries. Diseases which are linked to intestinal hyperpermeability tend to localize to Westernized countries, where a diet rich in fats and refined carbohydrates predominates. Several studies suggest that fructose is one of the key carbohydrates involved in the regulation of the intestinal permeability and its overuse may cause harmful effects, such as tight junction protein dysfunction. On the other hand, short chain fatty acids (mainly butyrate) at appropriate concentrations may lead to the reduction of intestinal permeability, which is beneficial in LGS. However, long chain fatty acids, including n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids have unclear properties. Some of those behave as components untightening and tightening the intestinal membrane.

Influence of dietary habits and Mediterranean diet adherence on menopausal symptoms. The FLAMENCO project.

To explore the association of dietary habits and Mediterranean diet adherence with menopausal symptoms. The present study included 172 women recruited from the FLAMENCO project. Menopausal symptoms were assessed with the Kupperman Menopausal Index and the Cervantes Menopause and Health Subscale from the validated Cervantes Scale. A food frequency questionnaire was employed to evaluate dietary habits. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the Mediterranean diet score. Intake of poultry and skimmed dairy products was associated with a worse Kupperman Menopausal Index score (β: 0.17, P = 0.03 and β: 0.18, P = 0.01, respectively). On the contrary, soy milk consumption was associated with a better Kupperman Menopausal Index score (β: -0.17, P = 0.02). Poultry and skimmed dairy were associated with worse scores in the total Cervantes Menopause and Health Subscale score (β: 0.22, P = <0.01 and β: 0.19, P = 0.01, respectively), whereas soy milk and vegetables were associated with a better total Cervantes Menopause and Health Subscale score (β: -0.20, P = 0.01 and β: -0.17, P = 0.03, respectively). Regarding vasomotor symptoms, a greater consumption of poultry was associated with worse symptomatology (β: 0.18, P = 0.02), and soy milk consumption was associated with fewer vasomotor symptoms (β: -0.15, P = 0.04). In addition, women with numerous or severe vasomotor symptoms showed a greater consumption of skimmed dairy products (P < 0.05). This study seems to indicate that some women with mild menopausal symptoms may derive benefit from lower consumption of poultry and skimmed dairy products and a greater consumption of vegetables and soy milk.

Potential of food intake biomarkers in nutrition research.

The influence of dietary habits on health/disease is well-established. Accurate dietary assessment is essential to understand metabolic pathways/processes involved in this relationship. In recent years, biomarker discovery has become a major area of interest for improving dietary assessment. Well-established nutrient intake biomarkers exist; however, there is growing interest in identifying and using biomarkers for more accurate and objective measurements of food intake. Metabolomics has emerged as a key tool used for biomarker discovery, employing techniques such as NMR spectroscopy, or MS. To date, a number of putatively identified biomarkers were discovered for foods including meat, cruciferous vegetables and legumes. However, many of the results are associations only and lack the desired validation including dose-response studies. Food intake biomarkers can be employed to classify individuals into consumers/non-consumers of specific foods, or into dietary patterns. Food intake biomarkers can also play a role in correcting self-reported measurement error, thus improving dietary intake estimates. Quantification of food intake was previously performed for citrus (proline betaine), chicken (guanidoacetate) and grape (tartaric acid) intake. However, this area still requires more investigation and expansion to a range of foods. The present review will assess the current literature of identified specific food intake biomarkers, their validation and the variety of biomarker uses. Addressing the utility of biomarkers and highlighting gaps in this area is important to advance the field in the context of nutrition research.

Preliminary study on the correlation between the trace Mn2+ and the calcite polymorph in gallstones containing calcium carbonate from the northeast China via electron spin resonance

Gallstones containing calcium carbonate (GCCC) from the northeast China were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and electron spin resonance (ESR). The sextet signal arising from the allowed transitions of the trace Mn2+ ions in GCCC was found to be ESR-detectable and strong. The XRD technique revealed the crystal habit of calcite in GCCC. Of the three polymorphs of calcium carbonate, no calcite was present as a solitary crystallization form, accompanied by aragonite or vaterite or both. The sextet ESR signal and the (104) main XRD peak at 2θ = ∼29.4° were employed as two probes to explore the relationship between trace Mn2+ and calcite. The Mn content can be considered as an indicator of the amount of calcite in GCCC because of the existence of a correlation between Mn2+ and calcite. The correlation between Mn2+ and calcite, the relation between the levels of Mn2+ and the type of gallstones, the structural preference of Mn2+ to the calcite polymorph, and the influence of dietary habits on calcite in calcium carbonate gallstones are discussed.

A STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES REGARDING NUTRITION DURING CARE OF TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS AMONG NURSING STAFF OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Background: Nutrients boost the host’s immune responses against various pathogens including mycobacterium tuberculosis. People with latent tuberculosis do not exhibit any clinical signs or symptoms of illness because the infection is contained by their immune system. The direct evidence of effect of nutrition on tuberculosis is difficult but the weight of evidence still favors the view that malnutrition may be an important factor in the high susceptibility and morbidity from tuberculosis.&#x0D; Aim and objectives: To find out the knowledge regarding nutrition, attitude towards it and practices of nutrition among nursing staff involved in the management of tuberculosis patients.&#x0D; Material and methods: This study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital. A total seventy nursing staff, involved in care of tuberculosis patients either in tuberculosis wards and OPDs, participated in the study. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices regarding nutrition was done with pretested and structured questionnaire.&#x0D; Statistical analysis: Percentages, Means, Chi-square test and ANOVA using the SPSS 17.0 Software.&#x0D; Results: GNM trained participants with work experience of more than 3 years were much better than B.Sc. nursing students regarding their knowledge about daily caloric requirements, dietary recommendations for tuberculosis patients and influence of dietary habits on tuberculosis outcome (p &lt; 0.05) but there was no statistically significant difference in the mean score of their knowledge about food nutrients. Both the groups showed positive attitude towards morning breakfast and having 3 meals and snacks in a day. Skipping of breakfast was more common among the GNM staff as compared with B.Sc. nursing students (P &lt; 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusions: Results from the study indicated KA scores higher than P scores. The effect of nutritional supplementation on tuberculosis prevention and health outcomes among health care workers had not previously been systematically reviewed. This study will provide guidance on recommendations for nutritional care among health care workers who are directly involved in care of patients with tuberculosis.&#x0D; Keywords: Nutrition, Tuberculosis, Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices, Nursing staff.

INTESTINAL FLORA AFFECTS GUT-BRAIN AXIS

Extreme changes of the gut microbiota affect brain function and behaviour, as measured in animal models. A question arises as to the potential clinical relevance of these findings, especially when one considers the influence of dietary habits on the gut flora diversity. The issue attracts public awareness and media attention, causing perhaps diffusion of more interpretations than solid data. A growing body of knowledge, however, supports a role for different gut bacteria, or dietary antigens, in affecting the immune system function, causing potential changes in clinically relevant susceptibility to noxious stimuli.

A Study on the Effect of Controlling BMI (Body Mass Index) among the Influence of Dietary Habits on the Behavior of Selection of Eating-out: The Workers in Food Service Industry

A Study on the Effect of Controlling BMI (Body Mass Index) among the Influence of Dietary Habits on the Behavior of Selection of Eating-out: The Workers in Food Service Industry

The influence of dietary habits and the intake of fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on bowel habits in elderly nursing home residents

The influence of dietary habits and the intake of fermented milk containing <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> strain Shirota on bowel habits in elderly nursing home residents

High adherence to the Western, Prudent, and Mediterranean dietary patterns and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma: MCC-Spain study.

The influence of dietary habits on the development of gastric adenocarcinoma is not clear. The objective of the present study was to explore the association of three previously identified dietary patterns with gastric adenocarcinoma by sex, age, cancer site, and morphology. MCC-Spain is a multicase-control study that included 295 incident cases of gastric adenocarcinoma and 3040 controls. The association of the Western, Prudent, and Mediterranean dietary patterns-derived in another Spanish case-control study-with gastric adenocarcinoma was assessed using multivariable logistic regression models with random province-specific intercepts and considering a possible interaction with sex and age. Risk according to tumor site (cardia, non-cardia) and morphology (intestinal/diffuse) was evaluated using multinomial regression models. A high adherence to the Western pattern increased gastric adenocarcinoma risk [odds ratiofourth_vs._first_quartile (95% confidence interval), 2.09 (1.31; 3.33)] even at low levels [odds ratiosecond_vs._first_quartile (95% confidence interval), 1.63 (1.05; 2.52)]. High adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern could prevent gastric adenocarcinoma [odds ratiofourth_vs._first_quartile (95% confidence interval), 0.53 (0.34; 0.82)]. Although no significant heterogeneity of effects was observed, the harmful effect of the Western pattern was stronger among older participants and for non-cardia adenocarcinomas, whereas the protective effect of the Mediterranean pattern was only observed among younger participants and for non-cardia tumors. Decreasing the consumption of fatty and sugary products and of red and processed meat in favor of an increase in the intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, olive oil, nuts, and fish might prevent gastric adenocarcinoma.

Dietary habits, oral impact on daily performance and type 2 diabetes: a matched case-control study from Sudan

BackgroundIt is evident that social and behavioural factors influence on individuals’ general health and quality of life. Nevertheless, information about the influence of dietary habits on oral health-related quality of life is limited; especially among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to examine the influence of dietary habits and clinical oral health indicators on oral health-related quality of life in individuals with and without T2D.MethodsA total of 149 T2D cases and 298 controls were recruited for this age and gender matched case-control study. Questionnaire-guided interviews were conducted to collect data about socio-demographic characteristics, consumption of food items per week (milk, meat, eggs, vegetables, fruits, sweets and bread) and oral impact on daily performance (OIDP). Plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, tooth mobility, decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT) and root caries were recorded.ResultsDifficulty with eating and sleeping were more frequently reported by T2D cases (23.5% and 16.1%, respectively) than by the controls (10.7% and 5.0%, respectively) (P < 0.01). After adjusting for diabetic status, plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, tooth mobility, root caries, and missing teeth, those with high consumption of milk and sweets, were more likely than those with low consumption to report any oral impact (OIDP > 0). The corresponding ORs were 1.23 (1.01–4.89) and 2.10 (1.08–4.09), respectively. Participants with low consumption of meat and vegetables were more likely than their counterparts with high consumption to report any oral impact. The corresponding ORs were 0.46 (0.25–0.83) and 0.38 (0.17–0.87), respectively. There was a significant interaction between diabetic status and meat consumption as well as between diabetic status and bread consumption.ConclusionsOral impacts were more frequently reported in T2D cases than controls. Independent of diabetic- and oral clinical status, dietary habits discriminated between individuals with and without oral impacts. The influence of meat and bread consumption on OIDP varied significantly according to T2D status.

Advising Consumption of Green Vegetables, Beef, and Full-Fat Dairy Products Has No Adverse Effects on the Lipid Profiles in Children.

In children, little is known about lipid profiles and the influence of dietary habits. In the past, we developed a dietary advice for optimizing the immune system, which comprised green vegetables, beef, whole milk, and full-fat butter. However, there are concerns about a possible negative influence of the full-fat dairy products of the diet on the lipid profile. We investigated the effect of the developed dietary advice on the lipid profile and BMI (body mass index)/BMI-z-score of children. In this retrospective cohort study, we included children aged 1–16 years, of whom a lipid profile was determined in the period between June 2011 and November 2013 in our hospital. Children who adhered to the dietary advice were assigned to the exposed group and the remaining children were assigned to the unexposed group. After following the dietary advice for at least three months, there was a statistically significant reduction in the cholesterol/HDL (high-density lipoproteins) ratio (p < 0.001) and non-HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.044) and a statistically significant increase in the HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.009) in the exposed group, while there was no difference in the BMI and BMI z-scores. The dietary advice has no adverse effect on the lipid profile, BMI, and BMI z-scores in children, but has a significant beneficial effect on the cholesterol/HDL ratio, non-HDL-cholesterol, and the HDL-cholesterol.

Association of lifestyle, inflammatory factors, and dietary patterns with the risk of suffering a stroke: A case–control study

Background: Lifestyle, including dietary patterns, could involve specific factors participating in inflammation that confer a higher risk of suffering a stroke. However, little attention has been apparently given to habitual food consumption in patients suffering a cerebrovascular event.Objective: To assess the influence of dietary habits as well as other lifestyle-related variables on the risk of suffering a stroke.Design: A case–control study was designed. Fifty-one cases (age: 59.1 ± 9.1y.o; BMI; 30.8 ± 3.4 kg/m2) and 51 controls (age: 61.1 ± 9.1y.o; BMI; 30.4 ± 3.6 kg/m2) were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric and body composition variables were measured. Dietary information was obtained from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Physical activity and lifestyle-related factors were assessed. Blood samples were drawn.Results: Patients suffering a stroke showed higher prevalence of diabetes (30 vs. 7.7%; P = 0.020) and hypertension (74.5 vs. 40.3%; P < 0.001) and were less physically active (36.7 vs. 66.6%; P = 0.024) than controls. Patients registered worse glucose and lipid profiles, higher levels of hepatic biomarkers, and higher blood cell counts than controls. Stroked patients showed lower adherence to a statistically derived healthy dietary pattern than controls (23.5 vs. 42.3%; P = 0.017). A logistic regression model was built up considering hypertension, diabetes, smoking, physical activity, adherence to a ‘healthy dietary pattern’ and C-reactive protein concentration. The final model strongly associated with the risk of suffering a stroke (R2: 44.6%; Pmodel < 0.0001).Conclusion: Lifestyle variables such as physical activity, smoking habit, and a dietary pattern including foods with low inflammatory potential play an important role in the reduction of the risk of suffering a stroke.