Influence Of Detergents Research Articles

Influence of detergents and amino acid ionic liquids on the stability of azurin

Influence of detergents and amino acid ionic liquids on the stability of azurin

Influence of Detergent and Lipid Composition on Reconstituted Membrane Proteins for Structural Studies.

Membrane proteins are frequently reconstituted in different detergents as a prerequisite to create a phospholipid environment reminiscent of their native environment. Different detergent characteristics such as their chain length and bond types could affect the structure and function of proteins. Yet, they are seldom taken into account when choosing a detergent for structural studies. Here, we explore the effect of different detergents and lipids with varying degrees of double- or single-bond composition on 1H–15N transverse relaxation optimized spectroscopy spectra of the outer membrane protein W (OmpW). We observed changes in nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts for OmpW reconstituted in micelles, bicelles, and nanodiscs, depending on their detergent/lipid composition. These results suggest that a careful evaluation of detergents is necessary, so as not to jeopardize the structure and function of the protein.

Influence of detergents and sodium hypochlorite on Yarrowia lipolytica biofilms in utensils used in industrial production of colonial cheese

The formation of microbial biofilms in materials used in the industrial production of dairy may lead to deterioration of these foods. Yarrowia lipolytica biofilms are widely found in dairy products and can modify the final characteristics of these products. Thus, this study investigated the effectiveness of hygienization by detergents and sodium hypochlorite on the formation of Y. lipolytica biofilms in different utensils usually employed during industrial cheese production, like polypropylene, hoses, and nylon/polyethylene. The utensils were sanitized using solutions of mild and alkaline detergents, and sodium hypochlorite, according to the cheese industry Standard Operation Procedure. Results showed that in all coupons there was biofilm formation with Y. lipolytica isolates. The contact angle measurements were favored to promote the adhesion of the biofilm in the evaluated surfaces. Even after treatment with sanitizers, a significant survival rate of planktonic cells was observed in all coupons tested. These results indicate that Y. lipolytica biofilms show a significant ability to adhere to polypropylene, presenting an important impact on the quality of colonial cheese.

Influence of detergents on water drift in cooling towers

An influence of detergents on the water drift from the cooling tower was experimentally investigated. For this experimental measurements was used a model cooling tower, especially an experimental aerodynamic line, which is specially designed for the measurement and monitoring of processes taking place around the eliminators of the liquid phase. The effect of different concentrations of detergent in the cooling water on the drift of water droplets from a commonly used type eliminator was observed with visualization methods.

Potential of Penicillium cyclopium westling for removing of anionic surfactants and biotechnology

The ability of native wild isolate Penicillium cyclopium Westling to degrade commercial detergent Merix (Henkel, Serbia) as well as the influence of detergent on activities of some fungal enzymes was in the focus of this study. The fungus was isolated from the riverbed of Western Morava (Cacak, Serbia), at a place where municipal wastewater discharged into the river. The fungus was grown in Czapek-Dox liquid nutrient medium without and with addition of 0.3% detergent. The physico-chemical and biochemical changes of pH, redox potential, total biomass dry weight, activities of alkaline (AlkI) and acid (AcI) invertases and alkaline protease were evaluated from 3-rd to 16-th day of fungal growth. Also, detergent disappearance in terms of methylene blue active substances in the medium was measured. The detergent caused an inhibitory effect on fungal growth and biomass dry weight (about 33.4%). In spite of that, the fungus degraded about 47.0% of anionic surfactant of detergent after 16 days of incubation. The detergent stimulated AcI activity of P. cyclopium but inhibited AlkI and protease activities. Alkaline protease of the fungus retained high percentage of activity (87.7%) in presence of tested detergent. The obtained results indicate the potential of fungus in removing of surfactants and biotechnology.

Toxic influence of detergents on human mesenchimal stromal cells during graft repopulation

Detergents are effective decellularization agents in order to obtain cell-free matrixes. However, the toxicity of residual detergent prevents the adhesion of cells to the matrix and the realization of their functions. In this study, the degree of influence of residual detergents on mesenchymal stromal cells after a series of washes was investigated. The human pulmonary valve were treated in three ways: 1% solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1% solution of sodium deoxycholate and a combination of these solutions with the reduction of the concentration to 0.5%. After each of 8 steps washing buffer were collected. We investigated influence of residual detergents on cytotoxicity and effect on the metabolic activity of MSCs. Histologic analysis showed sufficient tissue decellularization in all groups. Matrixes were washed by successive incubations with 200 ml of phosphate buffer. Detergent concentrations in all samples ceased to be toxic only to the 4-cycle wash, and had no effect on the metabolism and viability of human MSCs. After 4-8 washing cycles decellularized pulmonary trunk fragments were successfully settled by mesenchymal stromal cells. Thus, a few successive washing fabrics pulmonary valve after decellularization reduce residual detergent to a safe level and lead to successful repopulation of acellular scaffolds with MSCs.

Detergent-like stressor and nutrient in metabolism of Penicillium chrysogenum

The influence of detergents on the metabolism of Penicillium chrysogenum from two aspects, as a stress factor and potential nutrient, was studied. The fungus was isolated from the river bed Lepenica, Kragujevac, at a place where sewage domestic wastewater discharged into the river. The fungus was grown in a liquid nutrient medium according to Czapek with and without addition of commercial detergent (MERIX, Henkel, Serbia) at a concentration of 0.3% and 0.5%. The biochemical changes of pH, redox potential, free and total organic acids, total dry weight biomass, activity of alkaline and acid invertase and alkaline phosphatase were evaluated from day 3 to day 16 of the fungus growth. At the same time, detergent disappearance in terms of methylene blue active substances in the medium was measured. The detergent at a concentration of 0.5% showed a fungicide effect. In the medium with 0.3% of detergent, there was increased pH and concentration of organic acids, but decreased redox potential and total dry weight biomass. The detergent also showed an inhibitory effect on invertase and phosphatase activity. P. chrysogenum decomposed 50.2% of the total detergent concentration for an experimental period of 16 days.

Influence of detergent and its components on metabolism of Fusarium oxysporum in submerged fermentation

The influence of detergent and its components (sodium tripolyphosphate and ethoxylated cetyl oleyl alcohol) at 0.1 % concentration on the enzymatic and metabolic activity of Fusarium oxysporum during exponential growth was investigated in this paper. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum was isolated from wastewater originating from households which contain detergent. The following biochemical parameters were analyzed: pH, redox potential, proteolytic activity, production of carbohydrates, free and total organic acids, proteins and total dry weight biomass. The detergent had influence on the significant decreasing of redox potential, slight increasing of pH and quantity of glucose and total organic acids, while the proteolytic activity was triple insensive in relation to control. The sodium tripolyphosphate had influence on the slight decreasing of pH, significant increasing of redox potential and quantity of glucose and free and total organic acids, whereas the proteolytic activity was intsensive only 5th and 6th day. The total dry weight biomass of the fungus F. oxysporum was slightly inhibited by ethoxylated alcohol but significantly inhibited by detergent and sodium tripolyphosphate.

The ability of fungus Mucor racemosus Fresenius to degrade high concentration of detergent

The ability of fungus Mucor racemosus Fresenius to decompose high concentration of commercial detergent (MERIX, Henkel, Serbia) was investigated in this study. Fungus was cultivated in liquid growth medium by Czapek with addition of detergent at concentration 0.5% during 16 days. The biochemical changes of pH, redox potential, amount of free and total organic acids, and activity of alkaline phosphatase were evaluated by analysis of fermentation broth. Simultaneously, biodegradation percentage of anionic surfactant of tested detergent was confirmed by MBAS assay. At the same time, the influence of detergent on fungal growth and total dry weight biomass was determined. Detergent at concentration 0.5% influenced on decreasing of pH value and increasing of redox potential as well as increasing of free and total organic acids. Enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase was reduced by detergent at concentration 0.5%. The fungus was decomposed about 62% of anionic surfactant during 16 day. Due to fungus was produced higher dry weight biomass (53%) in relation to control.

Biochemical mechanisms of disorders in the body of warm-blooded under the influence of chemical compounds

У статті представлено аналіз багаторічних комплексних санітарно-токсикологічних досліджень, проведених в Харківському національному медичному університеті з метою гігієнічного нормування у воді водоймищ великої групи неіоногенних, катіоноактивні і аніоноактівние поверхнево-активних речовин (ПАР). На основі використання системного підходу, дана комплексна характеристика структурно-функціональних порушень в організмі теплокровних тварин при тривалому впливі детергентів.

Influence of detergents on the activity of the ABC transporter LmrA

The ABC transporter LmrA from Lactococcus lactis has been intensively studied and a role in multidrug resistance was proposed. Here, we performed a comprehensive detergent screen to analyze the impact of detergents for a successful solubilization, purification and retention of functional properties of this ABC transporter. Our screen revealed the preference of LmrA for zwitterionic detergents. In detergent solution, LmrA purified with FC-16 was highly active with respect to ATPase activity, which could be stimulated by a substrate (rhodamine 123) of LmrA. Both, high ATPase activity and substrate stimulation were not detected for LmrA solubilized in DDM. Interestingly, reconstituted LmrA showed an opposite behavior, with a high basal ATPase activity and stimulation by rhodamine 123 for a DDM-reconstituted, but only low ATPase activity and no substrate stimulation for a FC-16 reconstituted sample.

Influence of detergent on metabolic activity of fungi Aspergillus niger

The aim of this study was to find out, among grate variety of fungi species from wastewater these which are resistant to effects of detergent and its component, ethoxyl-oleyl-cetyl alcohol and sodium tripolyphosphate. On inoculated fungi specie grown in vitro condition, in the presence of mentioned pollutant, the metabolic changes of bioproduction of different organic compounds, in various aging step of fungi, have been investigated. The results indicated sig-nificant changes in bioproduction of amino ac-ids and proteins of Aspergillus niger cultivated in the presence of detergent and its component, compared with control experiment. The results suggest that bioremediation by Aspergillus ni-ger are promising for biodegradation of deter-gents in aquatic systems.

Studies on the Influence of Detergent and the Chemical Components of Water on the Washing Material (Part 3)

Studies on the Influence of Detergent and the Chemical Components of Water on the Washing Material (Part 3)

The effects of detergents on the polymerization properties of actin

Effects of some detergents-most frequently used in membrane raft studies-on the polymerization properties of actin were examined under in vitro and in vivo conditions, for protein and cellular investigations, respectively. Under in vitro conditions the polymerization rates were measured with pyrene-labeled actin. We found that polymerization rate depended on the detergent concentration by following either biphasic characteristics or only decreasing tendency. The strongest effects were observed at relatively low detergent concentrations. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and dynamic light-scattering measurements provided further evidences for the size distribution of actin filaments formed under the influence of detergents. Comparing the polymerization rates measured in the presence of different detergents to those obtained with various magnesium and KCl concentrations showed that detergents may influence the actin polymerization at three levels by modifying: (i) the monomer-monomer interaction, (ii) the local ionic strength, and (iii) the affinity of actin for various cations. In vivo studies on NIH 3T3MDR1 cells using TRITC-phalloidin detected fast depolymerization of large extent around the critical micellar concentrations of the detergents. We concluded that microdomain insolubility observed in the presence of detergents is hardly to be the result of the stabilization of the submembrane actin cytoskeleton merely; rather inter-lipid and lipid-protein interactions are also involved within the detergent-resistant membranes.

The influence of detergents, sodium tripoly-phosphates and ethoxyled oleyl-cetyl alcohol on metabolism of the fungi Penicillium verrucosum peyronel

On the species of the fungi Penicillium verrucosum grown on liquid nutritious base, according to Czapek and on a variation of the same nutritious base with detergent MERIX ('Merima', Kruševac) and individual components of the same detergent: sodium tripolyphosphate and ethoxyled oleyl-cetyl alcohol in a concentration of 0.1%, the following analyses were performed: pH, redox potential, proteolytic activity, the quantity of free and total organic acids, amino acids, proteins and total biomass. We can notice from the obtained results that the detergent, sodium tripoly-phosphate and ethoxyled oleyl-cetyl alcohol in a concentration of 0.1% had an inhibitory effect on protein bioproduction and total biomass on the 8th day from the day of inoculation, while the production of free and total organic acids was partially or significantly stimulated by the presence of the detergent, sodium tripoly-phosphate and ethoxyled oleyl-cetyl alcohol in a concentration of 0.1%. With aging of the fungus culture Penicillium verrucosum, the exception was free organic acids production which was, with the age of the culture, partially inhibited by the detergent. Proteolytic activity of the fungi Penicillium verrucosum had a slightly variable value during the experimental period with added nutritions media to the detergent, sodium tripoly-phosphate and ethoxyled oleyl-cetyl alcohol in a concentration of 0.1% with a slight aberration in relation to the control in some phases of the fungal growth.

Nanoscale Properties of Tribofilms Formed with Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate (ZDDP) Under Extreme Pressure Condition

Nanoscale properties of tribofilms formed at extreme loads under boundary lubrication were examined. The tribofilms were formed in-situ by decomposition of Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) in wear tests. Influence of detergents and antioxidants in the base ail on the wear performance was also studied. The results indicate that at lower loads the amount of phosphorus (between 0.05 to 0.1 wt%) does not affect the amount of wear occurring on the surface, on the other hand increased amounts of wear occurred at higher loads in oils with 0.05 wt% P. When detergents and antioxidants were added, relatively higher amounts of wear were observed across the board for different loads that indicate the overall antagonistic effect these additives have on the performance of ZDDP as an anti wear agent. Focused ion beam studies of the wear film indicate that the thickness of the tribofilm is approximately 100 nm and transmission electron microscopy analysis of the wear debris indicates that the tribofilm is constituted of an amorphous film of Zn-O-P-S glass with nanoparticles of Fe3O4 embedded in them.

Tryptophan phosphorescence study of the influence of detergents on the internal dynamics of human erythrocyte membrane proteins

Room-temperature tryptophan phosphorescence was used to assess the slow (millisecond) internal dynamics of proteins in isolated human erythrocyte membranes under the action of detergents: dodecylsulfate, lauroyl sarcosinate, deoxycholate, digitonin, and Tween 20 (concentrations varied from 0.01 to 6 mM). All detergents markedly enhanced the slow internal dynamics, but the dose-response patterns were specific for each agent. The aggregate data support the idea that the slow internal dynamics is restricted in membrane proteins relative to soluble proteins mostly because of intramembrane protein association and isolation from the aqueous milieu, with a possible contribution of a more rigid secondary structure.

Fluorimetric study of the artificial chaperone-assisted renaturation of carbonic anhydrase: A kinetic analysis

It is now well accepted that ionic detergents along with α- or β-cyclodextrins can enhance protein refolding yields. In this report, we evaluated the effect of detergent's tail length on the kinetics of denatured carbonic anhydrase refolding along with determining the rate-limiting step of the whole refolding process. A sensitive fluorimetric technique was also developed to follow up the second-by-second fate of the denatured protein while undergoing refolding. In this technique, inclusion complexes are formed between the correctly refolded CA and the fluorescent active site probe, 5-dimethylaminonaphtalene-1-sulfonamide. By this specific technique, it became evident that the rate of detergent stripping from the CA–detergent mixed micelles that also appeared to be the rate-limiting step depends on the β-CD–detergent association constants which are under the influence of detergent's tail length. Based on these findings, appropriate refolding conditions could be designed to kinetically diminish the rate of off-pathway aggregation.

The influence of detergents and active components of detergent on bioproduction of organic matters and enzymatic activity of some species of fungi.

Detergent (Merix, "Merima " Krusevac) applied in concentration of 1% vol. showed specific influence on the bioproduction of some 15 different amino acids and on the enzyme activity of the species of fungi A. niger, A. alternata and T. roseum. Detergent has significantly stimulated the production of 15 analyzed amino acids of the fungi species A. niger. The same applied concentration of detergent has decreased or considerably decreased the production of some 14 of totally 15 analyzed amino acids of investigated fungi species A. alternata and T. roseum. The enzyme activity of the fungi A. niger was more intensive in relation to the species A. alternata and T. roseum during the experimental period or in some phases of the experimental period. The detergent component, ethoxyled oleyl-cetyl alcohol, in concentration of 0.01%, 0.1% and 1% showed an inhibitory effect, or significant inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity of the examined species of fungi (A. niger, A. alternata and T. roseum).

The influence of detergent, the active component of detergent and sodiumtripolyphosphate on the biochemical process of some fungi.

Detergent "Merix" (Merima-Krusevac) and its components, sodiumtripolyphosphate and ethoxyled oleyl-cetyl alcohol in defined concentrations have influence on the enzymatic activity, bioproduction of amino acids and proteins and total biomass of species Aspergillus niger (A. niger) and Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum). Detergent in concentration of 1% vol., in some cases, significantly stimulated production of the majority of amino acids. Detergent and its components (ethoxyled oleyl-cetyl alcohol and sodiumtripolyphosphate) in concentration of 1% vol. showed different influences on the production of proteins by the species of fungi A. niger and F. oxysporum. The enzymatic activity of fungi A. niger and F. oxysporum changed from total inhibition up to partial or total stimulation under influence of investigated pollutants. Detergent, sodiumtripolyphosphate and ethoxyled oleyl-cetyl alcohol, all in concentration of 1% vol. have reduced the production of the biomass of fungi A. niger and F. oxysporum. Investigated fungi have shown different response to the used pollutants.