Influence Of CuO Nanoparticles Research Articles

Influence of CuO nanoparticles in the enhancement of the rheological and insulation properties of enriched nanofluid

Influence of CuO nanoparticles in the enhancement of the rheological and insulation properties of enriched nanofluid

Nonmonotonic effect of CuO nanoparticles on medium-chain carboxylates production from waste activated sludge

The growing applications of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) in industrial and agriculture has increased their concentrations in wastewater and subsequently accumulated in waste activated sludge (WAS), raising concerns about their impact on reutilization of WAS, especially on the medium-chain carboxylates (MCCs) production from anaerobic fermentation of WAS. Here we showed that CuO NPs at 10–50 mg/g-TS can significantly inhibit MCCs production, and reactive oxygen species generation was revealed to be the key factor linked to the phenomena. At lower CuO NPs concentrations (0.5–2.5 mg/g-TS), however, MCCs production was enhanced, with a maximum level of 37% compared to the control. The combination of molecular approaches and metaproteomic analysis revealed that although low dosage CuO NPs (2.5 mg/g-TS) weakly inhibited chain elongation process, they displayed contributive characteristics both in WAS solubilization and transport/metabolism of carbohydrate. These results demonstrated that the complex microbial processes for MCCs production in the anaerobic fermentation of WAS can be affected by CuO NPs in a dosage-dependent manner via regulating microbial protein expression level. Our findings can provide new insights into the influence of CuO NPs on anaerobic fermentation process and shed light on the treatment option for the resource utilization of CuO NPs polluted WAS.

Synthesis and characterization of size controlled nano copper oxide structures for antioxidant study and as eco-friendly lubricant additive for bio-oils

This research work aims at the synthesis of Copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures with the application as additives for biolubricant oils, particularly Pongamia oil. The CuO particles were synthesized by a simple co-precipitation methodology. The nanostructures were characterized via analytical and microscopic techniques. The p-XRD analysis reveals the formation of size-controlled CuO formation, and the particle size was affirmed using both scherrer and William son Hall methods with particle size less than 14 nm. The surface morphology studies were substantiated by microscopic techniques. Elemental analysis reveal the purity of the prepared nanostructures. The monodispersed nanostructures are obtained with polydispersity index (PDI) of a value of 0.0550. The antioxidant property of CuO NPs was analyzed and is found in dose dependent manner, with efficiency of 71.9% at 50 μg/mL The influence of CuO nanoparticles on the viscosity of the lubricant is studied using the rheometer. The effect of these nanostructures on the friction characteristic is studied using a Ring-On-Block lubricity tester. The particles varied from 0.5 to 1 % wt. The CuO nanoparticles reduces the viscosity of the pongamia oil bio lubricants by 5.52% in comparision with the pongamia oil blended neem oil. The coefficient of Friction (COF) was found to be superlative for 0.75 % wt CuO added to Pongamia oil. The experimental result shows that CuO nanostructures is more effective than the blending of Neem oil with Pongamia oil and cane be used as an additives in the bio lubricants as the viscosity and friction modifier.

Performance evaluation of nanofluid-based minimum quantity lubrication grinding of Ni-Cr alloy under the influence of CuO nanoparticles

Performance evaluation of nanofluid-based minimum quantity lubrication grinding of Ni-Cr alloy under the influence of CuO nanoparticles

Role of copper oxide nanoparticles and gamma irradiation in optimising mechanical and the DC-electrical properties of nylon 66

This study used an aqueous precipitation method to synthesise copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. Nylon 66/CuO-based nanocomposites were prepared through a melt-mixing process using CuO nanoparticles with differing contents (1, 2, 3 and 4 wt%) and varying doses of gamma radiation (100, 200 and 300 kGy). The study also investigated the impact of these combinations on the structural, mechanical and DC-electrical attributes of nylon 66. The combination of CuO nanoparticles and gamma irradiation caused nylon 66 to undergo structural changes verified through X-ray diffraction measurement and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the morphology of the nylon 66/CuO nanocomposites and revealed that the CuO nanoparticles belonging to the nylon 66 matrixes had a homogeneous dispersion. According to the mechanical finding, the influence of CuO nanoparticles and gamma irradiation significantly augmented the flexural strength and flexural modulus of the nanocomposites. However, this addition led to a decline of elongation at break. To better understand the tensile mechanism, a correlation of tensile strength using theoretical models premised on Money, Einstein and Pukanszky were undertaken. The optimal deviation was exhibited by the Pukanszky model using tensile plots on an experimental basis. The study also examined the nanocomposite’s DC-electrical conductivity; electrical conductivity increased with CuO nanoparticle content and gamma irradiation. For every sample, the prevailing transport mechanism was the Poole–Frenkel emission. This finding is encouraging for the development of innovative materials with augmented tensile strength and nanoelectronic devices.

Metal oxide nanoparticles resonate to ammonium removal through influencing Mg2+ absorption by Pseudomonas putida Y-9

Most metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) can impact ammonium removal, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, high doses of NiO, CuO, ZnO and TiO2 (>1 mg/L) inhibited the ammonium removal performance of Pseudomonas putida Y-9. Interestingly, low levels of CuO NPs (0.1, 0.5 mg/L) and NiO NPs (0.1 mg/L) enhanced ammonium removal efficiency. Moreover, a decrease in Mg2+ levels was significantly positively correlated with ammonium removal efficiency, while negatively correlated with the Ti2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ release of NPs. Further research on effect of NPs and their corresponding cations on ammonium removal revealed that four NPs affected Mg2+ absorption in Y-9 via different routes, thus impacting NH4+ removal efficiency, i.e., the effect of NiO NPs was caused by itself, TiO2 NPs’ impact was solely due to the release Ti4+, while the influence of CuO NPs and ZnO NPs was based on both the particles and released ions.

Influence of CuO nanoparticles in enhancing the overall heat transfer around a square cylinder

In this study, steady flow and heat transfer through a copper–water nanofluid around a square cylinder was investigated numerically by using a finite-volume method for Reynolds numbers of 10-40. Furthermore, the range of nanoparticle volume fractions () considered is 0 ≤ ≤ 0.04, with three different nanoparticle diameters dnp = 30, 60 and 90 nm. The variation of the local and the average Nusselt numbers with Reynolds number, and volume fractions are presented for the range of above conditions. The averaged Nusselt number showed clear enhancement comparing with the base fluids. This enhancement is more apparent in flows with higher particle volume concentration, whereas the particle diameter imposes an opposing effect on the heat transfer characteristics.

Effect of tilt angle on the multi-pipe channel with sinusoidal/curved walls – numerical modelling based on finite volume method

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the two-dimensional numerical modeling of fluid flow and heat transfer in a fluid channel.Design/methodology/approachThe channel is filled with the CuO-water nanofluid. The KKL model is used to estimate the dynamic viscosity and considering Brownian motion. On the other hand, the influence of CuO nanoparticles’ shapes on the heat transfer rate is taken account in the simulations. The channel is included with several active pipes with hot and cold temperatures. Furthermore, the external curved and sinusoidal walls have cold and hot temperatures, respectively.FindingsThree different tilt angles are considered with similar boundary and operating conditions. The Rayleigh numbers, solid volume fraction of CuO nanoparticles in the pure water and the tilt angles are the governing parameters. Different cases studies, such as streamlines, heat transfer rate, local and total entropy generation and heatlines, are analysed under influences of these governing parameters.Originality/valueThe originality of this work is investigation of fluid flow, heat transfer and entropy generation within a nanofluid filled channel using FVM.

The influence of CuO nanoparticles and boron wastes on the properties of cement mortar

In this study, compressive and flexural strength, thermal properties, and pore structure of mortars modified with two types of boron waste and different amounts of CuO nanoparticles were investigated. The binders were prepared with 3% of borogypsum or borax waste and nano-CuO at concentration up to 4%. The setting time, compressive and flexural strength at 3, 7, and 28 days, DTA/TG, XRD, BET, and water absorption tests were carried out, and optimal nano-CuO percentages were determined. It was observed that nano-CuO addition in the range 2%–2.5% can improve mechanical properties, reduce the amount of unreacted portlandite, increase water absorption resistance, and decrease the setting time for borogypsum-containing mortars. The optimum nano-CuO replacement ratio changes between 0.5%–1% for borax waste-containing mortars. The results showed that nano-CuO was able to promote hydration reactions, act as a nanofiller, and provide a kernel for nucleation reactions.

Influence of CuO nanoparticles on heat transfer behavior of PCM in solidification process considering radiative source term

In this research, numerical simulation is examined for nanofluid hydrothermal treatment during solidification. Time dependent mesh has been utilized. Various shapes of CuO nanoparticles are dispersed in water. Solid fraction and isotherm contours are shown for several values of fin length, radiation parameter and shape factor. Results demonstrate that minimum solidification time has been obtained for Platelet shape. Solid faction improves with increase of radiation parameter.

Influence of CuO nanoparticles and graphene nanoplatelets on the sensing behaviour of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites for the detection of ethanol and propanol vapors

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/copper oxide/graphene nanoplatelets (PVA/CuO/Gr-NPls) nanocomposite based chemiresistive alcohol sensors were fabricated using colloidal blending method. The PVA/CuO/Gr-NPls nanocomposite films were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and the sensing behaviour of PVA/CuO/Gr-NPls nanocomposite films was evaluated for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The improvement in the thermal, mechanical and VOCs sensing properties of nanocomposite film was observed attributing to the homogeneity of the nanocomposites and strong interfacial interaction between Gr-NPls, CuO and PVA matrix. The sensors were analyzed in the concentration range from 1800 to 4000 ppm. It was observed that PVA/CuO/Gr-NPls nanocomposite film exhibited excellent propanol sensing at a room temperature, typically at an applied voltage of 10 V when compared with other VOCs. Thus, the strong interaction between CuO and Gr-NPls helps in achieving excellent reinforcement effect in a PVA matrix for fabrication of high performance nanocomposite films for VOC’s sensing applications.

Influence of CuO nanoparticles on third order nonlinearity and optical limiting threshold of polymer/ZnO nanocomposites

The linear and nonlinear optical properties of polymer/inorganic nanocomposites have received a great interest because of their potential application such as optical limiting devices. A flexible foil like polymer/ZnO nanocomposites and polymer/ZnO/CuO nanocomposites have been prepared via casting method. ZnO and CuO nanoparticles were used as filler, while four different types of polymer were used as polymer matrix. The purity and composition of the nanocomposites were confirmed via EDX analysis and EDS mapping. Surface morphology of samples was tested by FESEM that were shown the dispersion of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles successfully. To study the influence of adding CuO nanoparticles on polymer/ZnO nanocomposites; the liner transmittance was measured and linear absorption coefficient was calculated. The results show a decrease in linear transmittance and increase in linear absorption coefficient when CuO nanoparticles was added. Then, the absorption coefficient and refractive index of the as-prepared sample were analysed using an open and closed aperture single beam Z-scan technique via Q-switched Nd-YAG pulse laser at 532 nm. The nonlinear refractive index was in the order of 10−12 cm2/W with a negative sign whereas the nonlinear absorption coefficient was in the order of 10−7 cm/W. The real part, imaginary part and the absolute value of the third order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3) were calculated. The χ(3) was in the order of 10−6 esu. The effect of adding CuO nanoparticles to nanocomposites was enhanced their nonlinear optical properties. Consequently, a good optical limiting was obtained. The optical limiting threshold of the samples was measured. The results showed that the prepared nanocomposites can be considered as an excellent candidate for optical limiting devices, which clearly affected by the adding CuO nanoparticles and the type of polymer matrix. Nanocomposites PMMA/ZnO/CuO and PS/ZnO/CuO showed the low optical limiting threshold, which were equal to 60 and 50 Mw/cm2, respectively.

Influence of CuO nanoparticles and nanographene platelets on the photosonocatalytic performance of Fe3O4/TiO2 nanocomposites

The effect of adding CuO nanoparticles and Nanographene Platelets (NGP) on Fe3O4/TiO2 nanocomposites to degrade dye waste were examined using photosonocatalytic process. Both nanocomposites Fe3O4/TiO2 with and without the addition of CuO were synthesized using sol-gel method, while the co-precipitation method was used to synthesize those two nanocomposites with NGP. All the samples were analyzed to identify their crystalline phase, magnetic property and thermal stability using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) measurements. The photosonocatalytic process of all samples were observed using the ultraviolet and ultrasonic radiation at the same time with the Methylene Blue (MB) as the model of dye waste. The results indicate that the presence of CuO nanoparticles and NGP on Fe3O4/TiO2 nanocomposites could increase its capacibility to degrade MB. Achievement of degradation up to 100% for a time of 2 hours is obtained by the presence of CuO nanoparticles and NGP simultaneously on Fe3O4/TiO2 nanocomposites.

Phase and electrical properties of PZT thin films embedded with CuO nano-particles by a hybrid sol-gel route

Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 or PZT thin films embedded with CuO nano-particles were successfully prepared by a hybrid sol-gel process. In this process, CuO (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 1 wt. %) nanopowder was suspended in an organometallic solution of PZT, and then coated on platinised silicon substrate using a spin-coating technique. The influence of CuO nano-particles’ dispersion on the phase of PZT thin films was investigated. XRD results showed a perovskite phase in all films. At the CuO concentration of 0.4–1 wt. %, a second phase was observed. The addition of CuO nano-particles affected the orientation of PZT thin films. The addition was also found to reduce the ferroelectric properties of PZT thin films. However, at 0.2 wt. % CuO concentration, the film exhibited good ferroelectric properties similar to those of PZT films. In addition, the fatigue retention properties of the PZT/CuO system was observed, and it showed 14% fatigue at 108 switching bipolar pulse cycles while the fatigue in PZT thin films was found to be 17% at the same switching bipolar pulse cycles.

Influence of CuO nanoparticles in enhancing the thermal conductivity of water and monoethylene glycol based nanofluids

In this paper the effect of CuO nanoparticles on the thermal conductivity of base fluids like mono ethylene glycol and water was studied. Both the base fluids showed enhancement in effective thermal conductivity. This enhancement was investigated with regard to various factors; concentration of nanoparticles, types of base fluids, sonication time and settlement time. For both the base fluids, an improvement in thermal conductivity was found as concentration of nanoparticles increased due to interaction between particles. It was also found that as the sonication time was increased, there was furthermore an improvement in the thermal conductivity of the base fluids. Effect of base fluids is the complex idea to understand. Lower base fluid's viscosities are supposed to contribute grater enchantment, but another factor of fluid nanoparticles surface interaction also more important. The experimentally measured thermal conductivities of base fluid's nanoparticles suspension were compared to a variety of models (Maxwell, Hamilton–Crosser and Bruggeman Model). It is observed that none of the mentioned models were found to predict accurately the thermal conductivities of nanofluids.