Influence Of Continuous Cropping Research Articles

Elevated ROS Levels Caused by Reductions in GSH and AsA Contents Lead to Grain Yield Reduction in Qingke under Continuous Cropping.

Continuous spring cropping of Qingke (Hordeum viilgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) results in a reduction in grain yield in the Xizang autonomous region. However, knowledge on the influence of continuous cropping on grain yield caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced stress remains scarce. A systematic comparison of the antioxidant defensive profile at seedling, tillering, jointing, flowering, and filling stages (T1 to T5) of Qingke was conducted based on a field experiment including 23-year continuous cropping (23y-CC) and control (the first year planted) treatments. The results reveal that the grain yield and superoxide anion (SOA) level under 23y-CC were significantly decreased (by 38.67% and 36.47%), when compared to the control. The hydrogen peroxide content under 23y-CC was 8.69% higher on average than under the control in the early growth stages. The higher ROS level under 23y-CC resulted in membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) and accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) at later stages, with an average increment of 29.67% and 3.77 times higher than that in control plants. Qingke plants accumulated more hydrogen peroxide at early developmental stages due to the partial conversion of SOA by glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other production pathways, such as the glucose oxidase (GOD) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) pathways. The reduced regeneration ability due to the high oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to GSH ratio resulted in GSH deficiency while the reduction in L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) activity in the AsA biosynthesis pathway, higher enzymatic activities (including ascorbate peroxidase, APX; and ascorbate oxidase, AAO), and lower activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) all led to a lower AsA content under continuous cropping. The lower antioxidant capacity due to lower contents of antioxidants such as flavonoids and tannins, detected through both physiological measurement and metabolomics analysis, further deteriorated the growth of Qingke through ROS stress under continuous cropping. Our results provide new insights into the manner in which ROS stress regulates grain yield in the context of continuous Qingke cropping.

Comparative proteomic analysis reveals novel insights into the continuous cropping induced response in Scrophularia ningpoensis.

Scrophularia ningpoensis is a well-known medicinal crop. Continuous cropping seriously affects the yield and quality, but little is known about the influence of continuous cropping on metabolic pathways. In this study, the difference in protein abundance between continuous cropping and non-continuous cropping of S. ningpoensis roots was studied by proteomics, and the molecular mechanism that protects S. ningpoensis against continuous cropping was explored. The results suggested that continuous cropping in S, ningpoensis altered the expression of proteins related to starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, citric acid cycle, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, monoterpenoid biosynthesis, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, and steroid biosynthesis. Among these processes, the most affected were phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism, which may be important for continuous cropping resistance. The effect of continuous cropping on S. ningpoensis was demonstrated at the proteome level in this work, and identified candidate proteins that may cause continuous cropping reactions. The paper provides the theoretical foundation and scientific reference for enhancing the continuous cropping resistance of S. ningpoensis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Long-term watermelon continuous cropping leads to drastic shifts in soil bacterial and fungal community composition across gravel mulch fields

Despite the known influence of continuous cropping on soil microorganisms, little is known about the associated difference in the effects of continuous cropping on the community compositions of soil bacteria and fungi. Here, we assessed soil physicochemical property, as well as bacterial and fungal compositions across different years (Uncropped control, 1, 6, 11, 16, and 21 years) and in the watermelon system of a gravel mulch field in the Loess Plateau of China. Our results showed that long-term continuous cropping led to substantial shifts in soil bacterial and fungal compositions. The relative abundances of dominant bacterial and fungal genera (average relative abundance > 1.0%) significantly varied among different continuous cropping years (P < 0.05). Structural equation models demonstrated that continuous cropping alter soil bacterial and fungal compositions mainly by causing substantial variations in soil attributes. Variations in soil pH, nutrient, salinity, and moisture content jointly explained 73% and 64% of the variation in soil bacterial and fungal compositions, respectively. Variations in soil moisture content and pH caused by continuous cropping drove the shifts in soil bacterial and fungal compositions, respectively (Mantel R = 0.74 and 0.54, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the variation in soil bacterial and fungal composition showed significant correlation with watermelon yield reduction (P < 0.01). Together, long-term continuous cropping can alter soil microbial composition, and thereby influencing watermelon yield. Our findings are useful for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and guiding agricultural production.

Influence of continuous cropping on corn and soybean pathogens

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of two tillage programs (conventional and no-tillage) and different rotations with soybeans and corn on the occurrence of Fusarium species. The work was conducted in the experimental field and Seed Laboratory at Iowa State University. The treatments were: tillage (no-tillage and conventional tillage), crop (corn and soybeans) and three different cropping sequences for corn and soybeans, respectively. Treatment with corn: (1) the first year after four years of soybeans (1C); (2) alternating corn and soybeans each year (C / SB); (3) Continuous corn (C). Treatment with soybeans; (1) the first year after four years of corn (1S); (2) alternating soybeans and corn each year (SB / C); (3) Continuous soybeans (S). Two plant counts were performed in two stages in soybean (VC and V3) and corn (V1 and V3). The root system of ten plants were collected in the vegetative stages V2 and V5 for soybeans and corn. The fungi were isolated from the roots, and the Fusarium species were identified based on the most distinctive morphological characteristics. Nine species were identified in both soybeans and corn, namely F. acuminatum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. solani, F. subglutinans, F. verticillioides and F. virguliforme. There were no significant differences among the treatments concerning the Fusarium species composition, for both soybeans and corn. In soybeans Fusarium oxysporum was the most frequently observed saprophyte species, followed by F. solani. For corn the main trends in the data was the predominance in all treatments of F. solani, whose highest frequency was in the no-tillage system.

Influence of continuous cropping on growth of Artemisia annua and bacterial communities in soil

In this study, several types of Artemisia annua in soil, including the soil which had not been planted, or planted for one year, or continuously planted for three or five years were collected, in order to study the influences of continuous cropping on the growth of A. annua, content of artemisinin, available nutrient of soil, and bacterial community structure through adopting routine analysis and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that continuous cropping inhibited significantly the growth of A. annua and reduced leaf biomass, content and yield of artemisinin, with the maximum decreasing amplitude of 30.20%, 7.70% and 35.58% respectively. The content of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and 16S rRNA sequence number were increased to different extents after continuous cropping of A. annua. According to the results of high-throughput sequencing, 634-812 types of common bacteria belonged to 21 categories were planted in different soil of A. annua with different planting years, which represented that the distribution distance of the point of bacterial community with different years among coordinate system of principal component was relative distant, and community structure had significant changes (P<0.05). As the planting years increased, the abundance of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes decreased in contrast to Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. In the top 20 types of predominant bacteria,Nitrospira japonica and Nitrospira disappeared, among which, only Gemmatimonadaceae, Micromonosporaceae, Nitrosomonadaceae, Xanthobacteraceae, and unculture bacterium JG30-KF-AS9 were similar, indicating that the planting and continuous cropping of A. annua selectively inhibited the growth and reproduction of soil bacteria, and influenced the supply and transform of soil nutrient, leading to a poor growth and resulting in reduction of artemisinin content and yield. Therefore, it is necessary to advocate crop rotation in the process of planting A. annua.

Influence of Continuous Cropping on Yield of Black Soybean (Glycine max Merr. cv. Shintanbaguro) and Chemical Properties of Soils in the Field Converted from Paddy

京都府の黒ダイズ産地で見られる収量低下現象の原因究明の一環として，灰色低地土転換畑において黒ダイズを連作した場合の生育，収量への影響および土壌の化学性の変化を調べ，以下の結果を得た．1）粗子実重は3作目まで増加したが，4作目から徐々に減少した．2）着莢数は3作目まで増加したが，4作目以降は横ばいで推移した．3）粒径が10 mmを超える子実の重量が粗子実重に占める割合（子実2 L率）は1作目から3作目まではほぼ同程度であったが，4作目から急激に低下した．4）開花期における根粒着生量は4作目から著しく減少した．5）土壌の化学性について，全窒素，全炭素および陽イオン交換容量を調べたところ，連作にともなうこれらの特性の低下は認められなかった．また，2作目から牛糞バーク堆肥を10アール当たり3 t施用する区を設けたところ，連作圃場における根粒着生量の減少程度は緩和されたが，収量および子実2 L率に対する施用効果はみられなかった．これらのことから黒ダイズを連作すると，生育量に大きな変化は認められないが，4作目からは子実が小粒化して収量が低下することが示され，これは主に4作目からの著しい根粒着生量の減少にともなう固定窒素の供給量の低下によるものである可能性が示唆された．

The influence of continuous cropping on black soybean growth and soil microbial diversity(Report from Agricultural Fields)

The influence of continuous cropping on black soybean growth and soil microbial diversity(Report from Agricultural Fields)

Influence of continuous cropping and fertilization on adsorption and desorption of soil phosphorus

Surface soil samples (0–15 cm) from six differentially fertilized plots (N0P0K0, N120P0K0, N120P17.5K0, N120P35K0, N120P17.5K33.2 and N120P35K33.2) of a long-term experiment on maize-wheat annual sequence at Ludhiana (India) were collected after 11 years of continuous cropping and fertilization, to study soil phosphorus (P) adsorption-desorption. These soils differed widely with respect to their P adsorption and desorption properties. Phosphate adsorption increased with increasing levels of added P in all soils. The extent of P adsorption was comparatively lower in the plots receiving P. Phosphorus adsorption data was found to fit best both to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms for each of the six soil samples. Soil P adsorption maxima obtained from Langmuir isotherm varied from 123 to 498µg g−1 soil in the six differentially fertilized plots. The bonding energy values obtained from Langmuir isotherm plot were the lowest in control and N120P0K0 treatments whereas these values tended to increase with P addition. Freundlich constants ‘a’ and ‘n’ (extent and rate of adsorption) calculated from the regression lines also showed similar trend for the six soil samples. The plot of desorbed P versus desorbed P/adsorbed P was linearly correlated for each of the six soil samples. Computation of desorable P capacity (or desorption maxima, Dm) and desorption rate constant (Kd) from this relationship indicated higher Dm values in soil samples collected from check (N0P0K0) and N fertilized (N120P0K0) plots. This value tended to decrease in plots which received P during cropping. The Kd values were more in soil samples which were fertilized with P during croping and lower in check and N120P0K0 treated plots.

Plant growth response to applied k on coarse‐textured feldspathic soils

Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of continuous cropping and K fertilization on plants grown on coarse‐textured soils high in feldspars. The A and C horizons of Elsmere (sandy, mixed, mesic Aquic Haplustoll), Valentine (mixed, mesic Typic Ustipsamment) and Sharpsburg (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Arguidoll) soils were continuously cropped in the greenhouse with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Four K treatments (0, 18.5, 37.5 and 75.0 mg K/kg soil) were applied before planting. At approximately 4 week intervals, above ground plant tissue was harvested and analyzed for K content for a total of 12 cuttings. Potassium deficiency symptoms (marginal necrosis, spotting) eventually appeared in plants grown on all but the A horizon of the Sharpsburg soil. Continuous cropping decreased plant K concentration, averaged across all treatments, from 38 to 10 g/kg dry matter. Potassium fertilization increased K concentration in plant dry matter on the soils initially low in...

Influence of continuous cropping on severity of common root rot in wheat and barley

Influence of continuous cropping on severity of common root rot in wheat and barley

Effect of continuous cropping and fertilizer use on the organic nitrogen fractions in a typic ustochrept soil

The influence of continuous cropping and soil test based fertilizer use on the organic nitrogen fractions in the plough layer has been studied in a Typic Ustochrept soil. Seven years of multiple cropping without manuring caused marked depletion in all the hydrolysable fractions except unidentified hydrolysable N namely, hexosamine (48.8%), hydrolysable ammonium (23.9%) and amino acid (7.3%) as compared to an adjacent fallow. Fertilizer nitrogen application maintained the levels of various forms of N as in the fallow plots and nitrogen in conjunction with phosphorus raised the status of amino acid N. Phosphate improved the contents of hydrolyzable ammonium and total hydrolyzable N whereas farmyard manure enhanced the latter only. The system of intensive cropping followed with appreciably high doses of fertilizers favoured greater immobilization of N in hydrolyzable ammonium and total hydrolyzable fractions.

Influence of Continuous Cropping on the Availability of Phosphorus and Potassium Status in a Black Soil

Available P and K status in a soll after six crops was assessed in the Long Term Fertilizer Experiments conducted at Coimbatore. The availability of P was changed by various fertilizer doses. There was depletion of available P from the control plats. As the the rate of P application increased. the availability also Increased giving rise to a quadratic equation of Y= 2.632 + 0.17824X0.0006 X. The available K was depleted over years except in 150% NPK dose (based on soil test) treatments, and FYM applied plots. A positive and significant correlation (R2 = 0.997) was obtained which gave a quadratic equation in the form of V-450.75 +1.365X0.0041 X*.

Influence of Continuous Cropping on the Fixation and Release of Potassium in Three Pennsylvania Soils

AbstractThe fixation and release of potassium by three Pennsylvania soils was studied under greenhouse conditions using ryegrass as the indicator crop. The soils studied were representative of the two types of clay mineral distributions determined by a previous mineralogical survey of the soils of Pennsylvania.The potassium fixed by the soils during the greenhouse experiment was measured two ways: the fixation of exchangeable potassium as nonexchangeable, and the fixation of acid soluble potassium as acid insoluble. The amounts of potassium fixed as nonexchangeable and as acid insoluble potassium were approximately the same. The potassium fixed under moist greenhouse conditions was less than that fixed by repeated wetting and drying the soils at 75°C. The difference in the potassium fixation capacities of the soils was related to the physical characteristics of the vermiculite contained in the respective soils.The release of potassium by the soils during the greenhouse experiment was again measured two ways: the release of acid insoluble potassium as acid soluble, and the release of acid soluble potassium as exchangeable. The best indicator of the rate of release of potassium was the acid soluble potassium. The different rates of release of potassium by the soils were related to the hydrous mica content and were responsible for the significant differences in the ryegrass yield of the three soils.