Influence Of Acid Rain Research Articles

Evaluation of the Influence of Acid Rain on the Property of Plant Mediums by Simulation

Acid rain has drawn much attention recently. This study was about evaluating the acid-rain-resistant and eco wall which was made of cotton fibers and Tencel fibers. In the experiment, two types of fibers were immersed in stimulated-acid-rain solutions for a week and weighted respectively after drying. This same procedure was repeated weekly three times; meanwhile, the fibers’ pH values were measured daily. The result showed that cotton fibers surpassed Tencel fibers, demonstrating smaller weight losses and positive pH results. The cotton fibers were able to adjust its pH value to 6.8, which provided a suitable environment for plants.

The Effect of Vertical Distribution of Water Permeability on the Modeled Neutralization Process in Concrete Walls

Abstract The aim of this paper was to predict the durability of concrete walls. Because liquid movement is important in discussing the neutralization process, the vertical distribution of the permeability in a concrete wall was measured. In a 20 cm high sample, the permeability clearly showed a nonuniform vertical distribution. Next, an analytical model was proposed to predict the neutralization process taking into account the influence of acid rain. Based on this model, the simulation was carried out with permeability as a parameter. The results showed that neutralization was accelerated due to acid rain in regions with a high permeability and retarded in regions with a low permeability. Thus, it can be concluded that the influence of acid rain on the neutralization process may differ depending on the position in the concrete structure.

Atmospheric environmental protection in China: Current status, developmental trend and research emphasis

Atmospheric environmental quality in China has been improving due to a variety of programs implemented by the Chinese government in recent decades. However, air pollution is still serious because of rapid socioeconomic development and increased energy consumption. Atmospheric environmental problems appear to be complex and regional in nature, and China's climate is aggravated by global climatic change. Air pollution originates from multiple sources and the effect on public human health will increase. The influence of acid rain in southern China will be long term, and the impact of climate change will rise. In order to reduce the adverse effects of air pollutants on the environment, the total number of emission sources from major industry, fine particle pollutants, SO 2 emissions from power plants and the vehicle exhaust must be lowered and strictly controlled. The energy structure will affect the quality of the atmosphere for a long time. Increased energy efficiency, optimization of energy structure and the generation of a sustainable consumption and production patterns will provide opportunities to resolve regional and the global environmental problems.

Simplification of Water Quality Monitoring Methods to Study the Influence of Acid Rain on River Water

Simplification of Water Quality Monitoring Methods to Study the Influence of Acid Rain on River Water

Environmental impact of ferrochrome slag in road construction

Vargön Alloys in Western Sweden is one of the largest producers of ferrochrome slag in Europe. Ferrochrome slag is a by-product from the production of ferrochrome, an essential component in stainless steel. Extensive tests have been carried out on the physical properties of the ferrochrome slag from Vargön Alloys and it was found to be highly suitable as road construction material. The composition and leaching tests of the ferrochrome slag show that the chromium content is high, 1–3%, although leaching under normal conditions is very low. With the exception of potassium (K), which had a potential leaching capacity (availability test) of around 16%, the leaching of chromium, nickel, zinc and other elements was just a few per cent. However, all these tests were conducted in the laboratory. What happens out in the field, under the influence of acid rain and biological activity, and how does this compare with the laboratory results? To answer this question an investigation was carried out to study the environmental impact of ferrochrome slag in roads that were built in 1994. The investigation includes soil sampling (total content and leachable amounts of metals) and groundwater analysis (filtered and non-filtered samples). In addition, a new method involving the bio-uptake of chromium and other metals by the roots of the dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale) was tested. The results show that there was a low migration of particles from the slag to the underlying soil and that the leaching into the groundwater was also low for all the elements analysed. However, there seemed to be a significant uptake of Cr by plants growing with their roots in the slag. An investigation of plant uptake was an important complement to laboratory leaching tests on alternative materials.

Influence of acid rain and liming on fluxes of NO and NO2 from forest soil

Flux measurements of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were performed in a coniferous forest (Hoglwald) in southern Germany using a fully automated measuring system based on the dynamic chamber method. The forest soil was predominately a source of NO, but mean flux rates of NO ranged from −26.3 (deposition) to 55 μg N m-2 h-1 (emission). NO2 was deposited on the forest soil with mean flux rates ranging from −4 to −72 μg N m-2 h-1 . Removal of forest floor vegetation did not influence NO or NO2 fluxes. Apparently, forest floor vegetation was neither a source of NO nor a significant sink of NO2. When the organic layer of the forest soil was removed, net NO flux changed from emission to deposition. Thus NO emitted to the atmosphere was produced almost exclusively in the organic layer of the forest soil. Liming caused a significant decrease in the rate of NO emission by 43 to 100%, whereas irrigation with simulated acid rain increased the emission of NO by a factor of 3.1. Irrigation with simulated “normal” rain decreased the emission of NO by 35 to 100%. No such effects could be detected for the deposition of NO2.

酸性雨による森林生態系等への影響 森林地域での酸性雨影響調査手法

酸性雨による森林生態系等への影響 森林地域での酸性雨影響調査手法

酸性雨による森林生態系等への影響 ナラ類の枯死と酸性雪

酸性雨による森林生態系等への影響 ナラ類の枯死と酸性雪

酸性雨による森林生態系等への影響 酸性雨に対する生態系の感受性の評価 臨界負荷量の推定と問題点

酸性雨による森林生態系等への影響 酸性雨に対する生態系の感受性の評価 臨界負荷量の推定と問題点

酸性雨による森林生態系等への影響 丹沢大山における酸性降下物とその森林生態系への影響

酸性雨による森林生態系等への影響 丹沢大山における酸性降下物とその森林生態系への影響

酸性雨による森林生態系等への影響 各種の林分における降水，樹幹流および樹冠通過雨のｐＨとＥＣ

酸性雨による森林生態系等への影響 各種の林分における降水，樹幹流および樹冠通過雨のｐＨとＥＣ

Influence of acid rain and ozone on soil heavy metals under loblolly pine trees: A field study

A field growth chamber study was conducted to determine the effects of ozone and simulated acid rain (SAR) on soil heavy metals. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), grown in open-top chambers, was exposed to three concentrations of ozone (charcoal filtered air with 0.026 µL O3 L-1, and two non-filtered treatments in which ozone concentrations were 0.074 µL L-1 and 0.147 µL L-1, respectively) and two levels of SAR (pH 3.5 and 5.2). Ozone was applied for 12 h d-1 for 9 months and acid rain deposition was 125 mm event-1. After 9 months exposure, soil pH, organic matter and DTPA-extractable heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu) were determined on soil samples collected from exposed chambers at two depths (0–15 cm and 15–30 cm). Simulated acid rain decreased the original soil pH. The concentrations of Cd, Pb and Mn at SAR pH 3.5 were significantly higher than at SAR pH 5.2. Ozone did not affect Zn, Fe and Cu, but a significant interaction between pH and O3 on Mn, Pb and Cd was observed. Due to the poor drainage capacity of this soil, leaching of heavy metals was not observed.

Influence of acid rain on CO2 consumption by rock weathering: Local and global scales

Sulphuric and nitric acids, which are supplied by acid precipitation, take over from carbonic acid in weathering reactions, which induced a decrease of the atmospheric/soil CO2 consumption by weathering (WCO2). In order to quantity this disturbance, one has compared the bicarbonate fluxes determined at the outlet of 2 small catchments (one is substantially disturbed and the other is is weakly disturbed by acid precipitation). Our study shows that, under the influence of acid precipitation, bicarbonate fluxes (i.e. WCO2) are decreased by about 73%. It has also been attempted to simulate at the continental scale, the influence of acid precipitation on WCO2, using a Global Erosion Model (GEM-CO2) recently developed. Several simulations have been performed corresponding to different realistic scenarios of global acid precipitation. In the most pessimistic of these scenarios, the GEM-CO2 simulation shows that the global WCO2 would be decreased by no more than 10%.

Role of Soil Organic Matter in the Effect of Acid Rain on Nitrogen Mineralization

AbstractThe effect of soil organic matter on the influence of acid rain on microbial processes was studied in columns containing samples from the O horizons of two forest soils and mixtures of those horizons with sand. Simulated acid rain at pH 3.5 reduced the percentage of inorganic N present as NO‐3 when the organic matter level was below about 0.1 g/g soil, and the percentage decreased with decreasing organic matter levels. The effects of acid rain on N mineralization and NO‐3 formation in Adams (Typic Haplorthods) soil were similar. Nitrogen mineralization was increased in Croghan (Aquic Haplorthods) soil by simulated acid rain when the organic matter content was high, and the degree of stimulation decreased with lower organic matter levels. Dissolved organic C levels were initially decreased by treatment with simulated acid rain in all soil mixtures, but the amounts in soil solutions from acid rain‐treated soils recovered with time to similar or greater levels than in the control soils. The recovery was more rapid in Croghan than Adams soil. Increasing organic matter contents in soil mixtures also decreased the magnitude and duration of acid rain‐induced changes in pH of soil solution and levels of dissolved organic C.

Effect of the quantity and duration of application of simulated acid precipitation on nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in a forest soil

A study was conducted of the influence of the rate of application of simulated acid rain on N mineralization and nitrification in a forest soil. The rates were varied by applying different quantities of simulated rain for varying periods of time. The soil was exposed in the laboratory to simulated rain at pH 3.5, 4.1, or 5.6 at rates equivalent to 1.5, 2.3, 4.6, 7.1 or 15 times the average rate of precipitation in the field, and then mineralization of soil N or oxidation of added ammonium was determined. The rates of N mineralization were inhibited by precipitation at pH 3.5 or 4.1 when applied for 27 to 234 day at rates 1.5 times greater than that which occurs in nature. Nitrogen mineralization was not affected by simulated rain at pH 3.5 or 4.1 in soils exposed for 156 day at 2.3 times the natural rate of precipitation, for 27 or 81 day at 4.6 times the natural rate, for 54 day at 7.1 times the natural rate, or for 234 day at 15 times the natural rate. On the other hand, mineralization was fastest in soil exposed to pH 3.5 rain for 234 day at 4.6 times the natural rate of precipitation and for 81 day at 15 times the natural rate. Nitrate formation in soil amended with ammonium was inhibited by rain of pH 3.5 regardless of the intensity of rain or the duration of exposure. For a constant rate of rain application, the inhibition of nitrate formation in ammonium-amended soil generally increased with longer periods exposure. The data show that the use of different rates of additions of artificial rain or different periods of exposure to the simulated precipitation will lead to different conclusions on the influence of acid rain on N mineralization in soil.

Influence of acid rain upon water plumbosolvency.

The West of Scotland has had particular problems in the past associated with soft acidic water supplies and uptake of lead from domestic plumbing systems by such water. As a consequence of this, health problems related to overexposure to lead have been identified. The current debate on acidification of ground waters by acid rain is therefore particularly pertinent to this area. Studies have shown that even a modest decrease in pH will result in very substantial increase in plumbosolvency. This was found to be of particular importance in the city of Glasgow and town of Ayr, where prior to water treatment, pH values were 6.3 and 5.4, respectively, and where, consequentially, large numbers of homes did not comply with lead in water standards. Closed-loop lime-dosing systems were introduced in both Glasgow and Ayr to increase the pH with immediate decrease in the lead content of the water and, subsequently, blood lead concentrations of the subjects living in these areas. Such closed-loop systems will compensate for any acidity in water supplies, whether of natural origin or originating from acid rain precipitation. However, when such treatment has not been applied, any increase in water acidity due to acid rain which is, in many cases, already unacceptable. which is, in many cases, already unacceptable.