Influence Of Abiotic Environmental Factors Research Articles

Assessment of the influence of abiotic environmental factors on the distribution of bream and carp in the Northern Caspian

Changing habitat conditions is an important driving force affecting the distribution of fish in the range. A quantitative assessment was made of the influence of environmental factors on the distribution of bream Abramis brama Linnaeus, 1758 and carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 in the waters of the eastern part of the Northern Caspian. The number was estimated based on the results of research net catches. The preferred temperatures and habitat depths of bream and carp in the shallow zone of the Northern Caspian are shown. The colleof field material was carried out during complex expedition observations in 2014 and 2020. The installation of nets with a mesh of 30–200 mm was carried out in the shallow-water zone of the eastern part of the Northern Caspian. Bream and carp in the Northern Caspian Sea form concentrations in areas with depths up to 6–8 m. In the time interval from the end of April to October, bream was observed in the temperature range from 7.0 to 28.5 °C, carp — from 5.5 to 28.0 °C. A mathematical assessment of the influence of depth, temperature and water transparency on the number of these fish species was carried out. The obtained regression models took into account from 44.9 to 80.1% of the factors determining the number of fish in the studied water area. Carp are more sensitive to the effects of temperature, depth and transparency compared to bream. The obtained results provide a theoretical basis for predicting changes in the habitat of fish due to abiotic environmental factors, which is relevant in connection with pronounced climatic changes

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF RASPBERRY SPUR BLIGHT CAUSED BY <i> DIDYMELLA APPLANATA </i> USING A MIXTURE OF MICROBIAL AGENTS

The article presents the results of three-year field trials of the mixed experimental bio preparation Phytop 26.82, consisting of the bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RCIM (All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms) B 10642, Bacillus licheniformis RCIM (All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms) B 10562, Bacillus subtilis RCIM (All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms) Microorganisms) B 10641, nematophagous fungi Arthrobotrys oligospora RCIM (All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms) F-1141 and Duddingtonia flagrans VKM F-2574, as well as the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, against the central raspberry disease - purple spot in the production plantations of the culture. The concentration of the mixture was 105 CFU/ml. As a comparison, we used the chemical fungicide Topaz, EC (emulsion concentrate) at 0.1% concentration. Previously, the authors evaluated the effect of this microbial mixture on the pathogen Didymella applanata in laboratory conditions, which was the basis of field trials. It was found that when one-year-old raspberry shoots were affected by purple spotting, the treatment of vegetative plants reduced the development of the disease by almost three times for more than a month after applying the microbial mixture. Furthermore, the prevalence of the disease decreased by two times or more relative to the control. The biological efficiency of the experimental bio preparation Phytop 26.82 reached 72.7%, comparable to the Topaz chemical fungicide. This mixed microbiological preparation is promising as an environmentally friendly means of protecting raspberries from purple spotting while suppressing other potential diseases and pests on this crop and reducing the undesirable influence of abiotic environmental factors.

Influence of abiotic environmental factors on the biochemical composition of crop production fruits

The article provides information on the study of the effect of abiotic environmental factors on the quality of fruit and berry and medicinal plants in Volgograd and the region: Carthamus tinctorius L., Ribes aureum Pursh., Rosa rugosa Thunb., Rosa cinnamomea L., Rosa acicularis Lindl., Rosa spinosissima L., Rosa canina L. The studies conducted by the authors make it possible to assess the natural and climatic conditions of the region, as well as the suitability and safety of plant species, which is relevant from the point of view of improving the quality of life and improving the health of the population, as well as the development of crop production. The results of the experiments allowed us to recommend certain types of rosehip, safflower and currant for the production of plant products and use in medicine. During laboratory tests, the content of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper was found in the fruits of experimental plants. The maximum fat content in 1000 g of safflower seeds is achieved by applying a dose of sewage sludge of 10 t/ha with a seeding rate of 250 thousand pieces/ha. it was found out that the content of amino acids in fruit bushes depends on weather conditions – 2020 showed an increase in arginine, glycine, leucine and isoleucine in golden currant, proline in rose hips, which indicates their high drought resistance. It was revealed that the content of zinc (12 mg) and copper (8 mg) increased in the fruits of golden currant in areas located close to highways, which is why the collection of fruits for eating in these areas is not recommended. The characteristics of irrigation norms for species at different heights of the aboveground part are given.

First Record of the Alien Tintinnid Ciliate Rhizodomus tagatzi Strelkow and Wirketis 1950 in the Adriatic Sea

The tintinnid ciliate Rhizodomus tagatzi has spread rapidly in recent decades in neritic areas of the Mediterranean and adjacent seas, where it is classified as a non-indigenous species. The present study documents the first finding of the species in the Adriatic Sea, in the transitional waters of the Neretva River estuary. Zooplankton material was collected with 5 L Niskin bottles in three layers (1, 5 and 7 m) at two stations, at the mouth of the Neretva River and 16 km upstream, in the period from May 2022 to January 2023. In addition to the morphological characteristics of R. tagatzi, we discuss the state and variability of the populations based on the abundance of the species and the influence of abiotic environmental factors (temperature and salinity) and possible pathways of entry into the Adriatic Sea. The maximum abundance of R. tagatzi in the Neretva River estuary of ~2 × 103 cells L−1 is among the highest in the Mediterranean Sea, and the species has a significant contribution to the tintinnid community (>80%), indicating successful establishment of the population in the estuary and intense influence on ecosystem functioning until the strong river flow completely displaces the wedge from the seabed. Statistical methods confirm the differences between stations in the total abundance of tintinnids and differences in their vertical distribution at the upstream station.

Influence of Abiotic Environmental Factors on the Accumulation of Phenolic Metabolites of Dasiphora fruticosa

Influence of Abiotic Environmental Factors on the Accumulation of Phenolic Metabolites of Dasiphora fruticosa

Influence of abiotic environmental factors on the growth of shoots of Juniperus excelsa M.-Bieb. in the Crimean Mountains

The article presents the results of studying the seasonal growth of Juniperus excelsa shoots according to abiotic factors, including features of weather and orographic conditions of growth. It has been established that the growth of juniper vegetative organs is most significantly affected by the amount of precipitation in the period from February to June. The maximum growth of shoots (5.29 cm) was noted in 2021, which was characterized by an increased amount of precipitation, the amount of which ranged from 322 mm to 437 mm. In the western part of the plantations of the Crimean Mountains, the annual increase is higher in comparison with the central and eastern ones. The degree of influence of orographic factors was determined. It has been established that influence of elevation is 43 %; in dry years, the intensity of the influence of this factor decreases. The relationship between the annual increase in shoots of J. excelsa and the indicators of soil conditions and slope exposure was revealed. The maximum growth (3.6 cm) was noted on the trial plots with B1 edatope, the minimum (2.3 cm) on B0 and C1. On slopes with eastern and southwestern exposures, the increase is higher compared to other exposures.

Influence of Abiotic Environmental Factors on the Growth Rate of Red Mullet

Abstract A study of the interannual variability of the size-age composition of M. barbatus ponticus, inhabiting the south-western shelf of the Crimea, was carried out over a five-year period (between 2016 and 2020). The influence of habitat temperature on growth rate is considered. Equations obtained characterize the size-weight growth of M. barbatus ponticus. The influence of the sea temperature on the development of individuals is considered. It is shown that with an increase in the average annual water temperature, the average annual length (correlation coefficient r = 0.97), weight (r = 0.96) and condition factor (r = 0.93) of individuals increase. It was found that red mullet has a positive allometric growth in the study area. The analysis showed that there was a close correlation between changes in the average annual temperature and the allometric growth rate b (r = 0.97). The equations of length growth of M. barbatus ponticus showed retarded linear growth of the fish living on the south-western shelf of the Crimea in comparison with other areas, Sinop region (Black Sea) and the Aegean Sea. The comparison of the effect of temperature on the size and weight parameters of M. barbatus ponticus living in the south-eastern part of the Black Sea (Sinop region) and the Aegean Sea is carried out; general patterns and differences are noted.

The sycamore lace bug Corythucha ciliata Say, 1832 (Hemiptera: Tingidae) — is a potentially dangerous invasive species in the phytocenoses of Kyiv

Goal. To improve the methodology of effective phytosanitary monitoring of plane trees growing in botanical gardens, parks, garden squares and street plantings of Kyiv.
 Methods. Observations of the phytosanitary condition of plane trees were carried out by the method of route surveys in botanical gardens, parks, garden squares and street plantations in Kyiv (2019—2021). During the growing season, the lower side of the leaves and branches up to 1.5—2.0 m from the soil surface were inspected. Photographic equipment with the function of zooming in on the object (at least 10× «zooms») and subsequent computer processing was used to examine the leaves damaged by bedbugs on the treetops above.
 Results. Data on the degree of sycamore lace bug damage of plants in different localities of growth of plane trees in the megalopolis and the resistance of phytophagous to the extreme influence of abiotic environmental factors in this geographical area. Mass reproduction of bugs and significant damage to the leaves of plane trees we noted on the old plane trees on Holosiivskyi Avenue and Holosiivskyi Park named after M. Rylsky. Young plantations of plane trees (near the metro station «Exhibition Center», near the park named after M. Zankovetskoi and Velyka Vasylkivska Street) are damaged by lace bugs to a much lesser extent than the above-mentioned old ones. Survey of the collection of plane trees (Platanus occidentalis L., P. orientalis L., P. × acerifolia Ait., Willd.) in the Botanical Garden named after Acad. O.V. Fomina showed that no bug C.ciliata was found during all these years. In the National Botanical Garden named after M. Grishka of NAS of Ukraine the first damage to single leaves of the lower tier of plane trees was discovered only in September 2021 in the area of lilacs.
 Conclusions. For the first time in Kyiv, the invasive bug Corytucha ciliata Say was found on plane trees, and its distribution in botanical gardens, parks, squares and street plantings was also established. It should be considered that the primary source of penetration of the phytophage into the phytocenoses of the city was sycamore plants imported from nurseries of Europe. It was studied that on old plants under the bark in autumn, more than 80—90% of the total number of imago bugs can be found, and not a single one on young plants. This fact can be used to improve the system of protection of old and young plane trees from pests.

Influence of abiotic environmental factors on agricultural technology of barley cultivation in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals

The article presents the results of a study of the influence of abiotic factors on the yield of barley grain in arid conditions of the Orenburg region. The aim of the study is to study agrometeorological conditions, soil moisture, nutrient background, previous crops and their impact on the yield of barley grain in six-field crop rotations. The studies were carried out from 2015 to 2020 according to six options for growing barley on a plot of an experimental stationary field according to crop rotations with black and green manure fallow, laid down in 1988. In the experiments, the following research methods are used: field, thermostat-weight method and analysis of variance. The moisture level in the soil layers in all variants is from 112.2 to 173.2 mm. For the rotation of the six-field crop rotation with black fallow in the second variant of the experiment, there is an increase in the yield of barley grain in the aftereffect of peas against the background with applied mineral fertilizers and contains 1.40 t, without their use - 1.16 t/ha. For the rest of the experiment, a change in the yield of barley grain is noted and the range is from 1.07 to 1.38 t/ha. The increase in grain from mineral fertilizers by 0.17-0.25 t/ha can be seen for all variants of the study. The dependence of the yield of barley grain in grain-fallow crop rotation with peas on the content of soil moisture and precipitation on a fertilized background of nutrition was revealed. The results of the study are of great importance in the development of agriculture and the production of fodder grain in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals.

EXPLORATION AND UTILIZATION OF LOCAL BIODIVERSITY WITH THE POTENTIAL FOR EMPOWERMENT OF CONSERVATION VILLAGE MODELS FATUSENE VILLAGE, NORTH CENTRAL TIMOR SUBDISTRICT

Biodiversity is a strategic resource and plays a role in determining the quality of human life. This study aimed to determine the types of vegetation that were used and developed for the empowerment of conservation village model, know the local potential that could be empowered to develop conservation village models, analyze community empowerment activities related to the use of local biodiversity, and analyze factors related to the utilization of local biodiversity that had the potential to empower the people of Fatusene Village. The techniques used in data collection were survey, interview, and documentation. The approach used was qualitative and quantitative descriptive. The results showed that there were 17 tree species from 11 families found in several springs in the Fatusene Village area. The plant species that had the highest and lowest importance value index were Zyzygium aqueum and Leucaena leucocephala with an importance Value Index of 47.28% and 5.45%, respectively. The distribution of plant species was not evenly distributed at each spring point, indicating the influence of abiotic environmental factors and human activities that greatly affected the existence of plants in terms of conservation. Local potentials that could be empowered and utilized to develop a conservation village model in the Fatusene Village area were agriculture and plantations, livestock, and forestry. The community empowerment activities in Fatusene Village are usually held before the implementation of activities within one year to discuss village community empowerment programs and other unexpected events such as crop failure, problems with clean water, environmental sanitation and other physical developments. To support this activity, it is carried out reforestation around the springs, reducing tree exploitation which is one of the contributions to water availability, protecting and preserving springs as a source of life for the people of Fatusene Village, East Miomaffo District, North Central Timor Regency. 
 Key words: Conservation Village Model, Exploration, Fatusene Local Biodiversity

Obtaining Humic Preparations From The Waste Of A Hydraulic Dump Of Coal Deposits As A Promising Waste-Free Technology

Humic substances are the main organic component of soil and water, as well as solid fossil fuels. These important components are formed during the de-composition of plant and animal residues under the influence of abiotic envi-ronmental factors and as a result of the activity of microorganisms. In the future, humic substances are of great interest for medicine, veterinary medicine and plant protection as bioregulators, biostimulants and adaptogens, which deter-mine the normal functioning of various body systems. As a result of enrichment of coal from the Angren deposit, a large amount of waste accumulates, which negatively affects the ecological situation in the region and occupies large areas, in connection with which the question of their processing arises, in particular, to obtain humic preparations and bacterial fertilizers of prolonged action. The iso-lation of humic acids from the dumps was carried out with weak solutions of po-tassium and sodium hydroxides, and then precipitated from the obtained alka-line extracts by acidification with mineral acids to pH 2.0. In the residual cakes, the synthesis of humic acids was carried out by inoculation of an association of microorganisms BK 5 grown on rice flour. In the course of the research it has been found, that optimal separation of humic acid alkali consumption solvents NaOH or KOH is 8g per 100g of the crude product in a ratio of T:F = 1:5 at a temperature of 80° C for 30 minutes.

Influence of Abiotic Environmental Factors on the Chemical Composition of Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis in the Peter the Great Gulf (Sea of Japan)

The influence of abiotic environmental factors on the chemical composition of the red alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis was studied. The influence of the depth of growth of the algae on the concentrations of proteins, easily hydrolyzable polysaccharides, and iodine was revealed. The algae species from Stark Strait contain more carbohydrates, from Troitsa Bay, more minerals, and from the Perevoznaya Bay, more proteins and iodine. The concentrations of toxic elements (arsenic, lead, cadmium) in the algae and soils from the same places were studied. A relationship between the depth of algae growth and accumulation of toxic metals therein has been established. No relationship between the elemental compositions of algae and the corresponding soils has been revealed.

Influence of Abiotic Environmental Factors on the Abundance of Cod Eggs and Cod Larvae in the Southeastern Baltic Sea in 2016

The characteristics of the abiotic environmental parameters obtained during in situ observations and significant for the survival of cod eggs and larvae (water salinity, water temperature, and oxygen content) are presented for the Baltic Sea for 2016. Cod eggs were present in ichthyoplankton during the entire spawning season (March–August). In July and August 2016, the abundance of cod larvae exceeded the long-term average value for the Gdansk Deep. The thickness of the reproductive layer, suitable for cod reproduction, calculated from vertical localization of 11‰ isohaline and 2 mL/L isooxygene, was sufficient for cod egg survival. Layers with acute vertical density gradients were noted in the upper part of the halocline in March–August and also in the surface water layer in the summer period. It is assumed that the lower boundary of the pycnocline in the surface water layer could serve as a food-rich zone of cod larvae concentration.

Impact of abiotic factors of the environment on functional health of women of different age groups

The article deals with the influence of abiotic environmental factors on functional health of women of different age groups. It has been found that the main regulatory mechanism of a living organism that provides homeostasis is the autonomic nervous system. On the changes of internal and external environment by means of vegetative-humoral mechanisms regulation of functional (physiological and pathological) oscillatory processes in the basic systems of organs takes place, it determines the degree of adaptive reaction of an organism to influences of these factors. The study of the state of the autonomic nervous system is a primary task in terms of physiological and functional systems adaptation to the conditions of life, including the effects of pathological factors on the organism. It is known that the evaluation of the functioning of the autonomic nervous system can serve as a physiological marker for identifying mechanisms of individual variability and responding to environmental factors. The article presents the results of studies of the influence of some abiotic factors, namely the phases of the moon, on the autonomic balance of the human body, the ratio of activity of the sympathetic nervous system to the parasympathetic nervous system and the functional health of women of different age groups. It is established that the influence of such abiotic factor as the change of the phases of the moon leads to significant changes in the functional activity and homeostasis of the body. The indicators of the phases of the monthly activity of the functional systems, duplicating the line of the norm, have the same orientation, they differ in amplitude, form the age-specific features of the tone of the autonomic nervous system and the state of functional health in women of different age groups.

Еколого-порівняльний аналіз добових змін вегетативного балансу в організмі

Еколого-порівняльний аналіз добових змін вегетативного балансу в організмі

Эффективность микроудобрений для повышения семенной продуктивности и качества семян родиолы розовой в зависимости от условий сезона вегетации

Изучено влияние абиотических факторов среды на прохождение основных фенологических фаз у растений родиолы розовой 2-го, 3-го и 4-го годов вегетации. На 4-й год вегетации количество растений с пестичными цветками составляло 54 %. Используемые бинарные смеси микроудобрений — Силиплант (1 мл/л), Феровит (1,5 мл/л), ЭкоФус (5 мл/л) — в целом заметно повысили не только семенную продуктивность растений родиолы розовой, но и качество семян. Некорневые обработки проводили двукратно: в фазу весеннего отрастания и в фазу начала бутонизации. Наиболее перспективным вариантом обработки оказалась бинарная смесь Силиплант + Феровит. У растений 3-го года вегетации масса 1000 семян превышала контроль (без обработки микроудобрениями) на 19,6 %, у растений 4-го года вегетации — на 33,5 %. В варианте Силиплант + Феровит у растений 4-го года вегетации доля крупных семян увеличилась на 8 % по сравнению с контролем. В данном варианте у растений 3-го и 4-го годов вегетации доля выполненнных семян превышала контроль на 24,1 – 35,9 %. Всхожесть у крупных семян повысилась по сравнению с контролем на 3 – 5 %, у мелких семян — на 4 – 8 %. Энергия прорастания семян увеличилась соответственно на 2 – 5 и 1 – 5 %.

Influence of environmental factors on the population dynamics of key zooplankton species in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea)

We studied the influence of abiotic environmental factors on the seasonal population dynamics’ of Acartia spp., Temora longicornis and Pseudocalanus sp. in the southern Baltic Sea in the period of 2006–2007 and 2010–2012. Zooplankton samples were being collected monthly at 6 stations located in the western part of the Gulf of Gdańsk with a WP2 net (100 µm mesh sizes) and then analyzed according to the HELCOM guidelines. Although the sampling stations did not significantly differ from each other in the terms of variability of abiotic environmental factors, the biomass of copepods developmental stages differed between them, apart from the shallow stations in both, Gulf of Gdańsk and in its inner part – Puck Bay. According to redundancy analysis, 26.1% of the total variability observed in the biomass of the copepod species has been explained by water temperature, salinity, air temperature, cloudiness, wind speed and direction and station's depth, with the first variable having the greatest power, alone explaining 13.7%. ANOSIM revealed that sampling stations in the Gulf of Gdańsk were significantly different from one another in terms of copepods’ biomasses. Generalized Additive Models fitted for water temperature and salinity were significant for all ontogenetic stages of Acartia spp. and Temora longicornis and for the majority of stages of Pseudocalanus sp. (apart from the C1 for both and the males for salinity).

Influence of abiotic environmental factors on the main constituents of the volatile oils of Tithonia diversifolia

Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray, Asteraceae, commonly known as Mexican sunflower, is a wide distributed invasive species encountered around the world. We proposed herein to establish the relationship between different abiotic environmental factors and the variation in the production of volatile compounds in T. diversifolia, during a period of one year. Samples of leaf and inflorescence volatile oils obtained from individuals located at two different regions of Brazil were analyzed by GC–MS and the data were submitted to chemometric analysis. Based on the main constituents, the analysis allowed us to classify the volatile oils into two chemotypes, according to their geographical origin. The influence of soil nutrients, mainly Ca and P, was also observed in the composition of the volatile oils. Climate also seems to affect the constituents of the volatile oils, mainly the contents of leaf sesquiterpenes of individuals growing in areas with higher average temperatures and solar radiation levels. We can therefore highlight that the appropriate multivariate statistical analysis allowed us to propose for the first time the existence of chemotypes for the volatile oils of T. diversifolia, as well as reporting the main abiotic environmental factors related to the accumulation of the discriminant compounds in these oils.

Effect of the environment on the secondary metabolic profile of Tithonia diversifolia: a model for environmental metabolomics of plants.

Tithonia diversifolia is an invasive weed commonly found in tropical ecosystems. In this work, we investigate the influence of different abiotic environmental factors on the plant’s metabolite profile by multivariate statistical analyses of spectral data deduced by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-HRMS and NMR methods. Different plant part samples of T. diversifolia which included leaves, stems, roots, and inflorescences were collected from two Brazilian states throughout a 24-month period, along with the corresponding monthly environmental data. A metabolomic approach employing concatenated LC-MS and NMR data was utilised for the first time to study the relationships between environment and plant metabolism. A seasonal pattern was observed for the occurrence of metabolites that included sugars, sesquiterpenes lactones and phenolics in the leaf and stem parts, which can be correlated to the amount of rainfall and changes in temperature. The distribution of the metabolites in the inflorescence and root parts were mainly affected by variation of some soil nutrients such as Ca, Mg, P, K and Cu. We highlight the environment-metabolism relationship for T. diversifolia and the combined analytical approach to obtain reliable data that contributed to a holistic understanding of the influence of abiotic environmental factors on the production of metabolites in various plant parts.

STRUCTURAL VARIABILITY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF HOARY SAGE (SALVIA CANESCENS C.A.MEY) IN THE FLORA OF DAGESTAN

The aim is to identify sources of flavonoids and anthocyanins with high antioxidant activity in the natural flora of Dagestan. Methods. The above-ground portions of hoary sage (Salvia canescens C.A.Mey) were collected in the summer of 2013 in the flowering stage and dried in the shade to air-dry weight. The dried raw material has been ground and we have have measured the total content of flavonoids and anthocyanins spectrophotometrically using SF-16 by standard methods using the reaction of formation of complex compounds with aluminum chloride and cobalt chloride, respectively. The total antioxidants have been determined using the instrument for rapid analysis of total antioxidants "Yauza-COLOR-001-AAA" by an amperometric method with conversion to gallic acid. Results. During the phytochemical analysis, we have obtained data on the total content of flavonoids, anthocyanins and antioxidants in the samples S. canescens. We have also identified samples with a high content of flavonoids and anthocyanins having antioxidant properties. The impact of high-altitude factor on variability of flavonoids, anthocyanins, total antioxidant activity has a different effect. Conclusion. These data are the first scientific and practical interest and can be used to explain the mechanisms of variability of secondary metabolites under the influence of abiotic environmental factors, as well as recommended for medical and cosmetic industry.