Influence In Decision Research Articles

Do female leaders always avoid risks? Evidence from corporate investment in innovation

ABSTRACT Despite females’ growing influence in strategic decision-making, research on how female leaders affect innovation decisions (captured by R&D investment) remains inconclusive. This study argues that focusing solely on CEOs, TMTs, or boards does not fully explain how innovation decisions are made, but rather that interactions between these decision-making groups may profoundly affect corporate innovation. Based on social identity theory, this study suggests that female board/TMT representation may create a psychologically safe atmosphere that promotes effective discussion and information exchange, motivating a lone female CEO to innovate. By employing panel regressions to analyse 2,925 observations from Taiwanese electronics firms, this study finds that although the lone female CEO tends to invest less in innovation, her interactions with female directors and female top managers may make her feel more comfortable, enabling her to obtain board advice and TMT assistance more effectively, ultimately increasing her willingness to innovate.

Job Evaluation Factors and Employees’ Performance in 4 And 5 Star-Rated Hospitality Facilities in Nakuru County, Kenya

Hospitality related jobs are prone to biasness and inequities especially in reward and compensation structures vis-à-vis job grades and responsibilities. One of the major contributory factors of such biasness and inequities is lack of a systematic basis of evaluating jobs. Such biasness and inequities if not checked, may generate dissatisfaction and grievances among employees which may eventually lead to low employee morale and poor performance. The purpose of the research was to ascertain how front-line employees' performance is impacted by job evaluation factors in 4 and 5 star rated lodges, resorts, hotels and camps located in Nakuru County. Specifically, the study tested the influence of interpersonal skills, job responsibility, decision making and job expertise on employee performance. Besides, the moderating role of gender was tested. The study was underpinned by the Equity Theory of Motivation. It utilized both descriptive and co-relational research designs. This study's population consisted of all 4 to 5 star rated hospitality establishments located in Nakuru County. The sample size comprised 403 front-line employees and 8 supervisors. Besides, 8 HRMs were included in the study, therefore, a total of 419 respondents were sampled. Questionnaires were administered to the frontline employees and interviews were conducted with the HRMs and supervisors. The study revealed that interpersonal skills (B=.227, p=.000); job responsibility (B=.234, p=.000); decision making (B= .290, P=.000); and job expertise (B= .238, P=.000) significantly influence the performance of employees. However, employees’ gender (ΔR2= .001, P=.382) does not influence the relationship between job evaluation factors and employee performance. The content analysis results supported these findings. This study concluded that job evaluation factors enhance employee’s performance, gender does not. The study recommends that the HR departments should observe fairness and equity in all HR processes especially recruitment and selection, training, promotion and compensation. All these functions should be driven by skills, job responsibility, and expertise of the employee and not subjective elements such as gender. Keywords: Job Evaluation, Employee Performance, Hospitality Industry, 4 and 5-Star Hotels, Nakuru County, Kenya

Work Efficiency as a Mediator in the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Career Achievement of Lecturers in Universities in Henan, China

This study explores the impact of Transformational Leadership (TL) on Work Efficiency (WE) and career achievement among university lecturers in Henan Province, China. Specifically, it examines how WE mediate the relationship between TL and lecturers' career achievements. TL, characterised by its ability to inspire and motivate followers, was discovered to drive positive organisational change and enhance goal attainment. This research highlights how institutional factors such as leadership decision-making, employee collaboration, and communication influence career trajectories and contribute to career achievement levels. Key milestones in lecturers' careers, such as appointments, promotions, tenure, and professional growth in teaching, research, and leadership, were considered. Factors like academic qualifications, research productivity, teaching experience, and scholarly publications were identified as influential. Furthermore, maintaining high WE are crucial for managing workloads and meeting academic responsibilities. Using a sample of 974 lecturers selected through random sampling and data collected via questionnaires, the study applied quantitative analysis to investigate the correlation between TL behaviours, WE, and career achievements. The findings reveal that TL positively affects lecturers' career achievements, with WE serving as a significant mediating factor. This underscores the importance of TL and efficient work practices in advancing lecturers' careers and enhancing organisational effectiveness.

Insights into University Composite Rankings from Explainable AI Counterfactuals

University Rankings exert considerable influence in higher-education decision-making. Yet, as an artifact of their construction, rankings are largely unhelpful in conveying practical strategic insights to university administrators intent on improving their college’s rank. Machine learning tools such as interpretable machine learning (IML) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), taking aim at piercing obscure, black-box algorithms have gained a lot of interest recently. However, there appear to be few deployments of their use in appraising University rankings. In this work, using data representing QS Rankings data of USA MBA programs we show how counterfactual XAI can support proactive responses by educational stakeholders to Rankings outcomes. Explaining individual predictions opens great opportunities for intervention and strategizing. The method is applicable to any extant rankings.

Advancing clinical MRI exams with artificial intelligence: Japan's contributions and future prospects.

In this narrative review, we review the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) into clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams, with a particular focus on Japan's contributions to this field. In the first part of the review, we introduce the various applications of AI in optimizing different aspects of the MRI process, including scan protocols, patient preparation, image acquisition, image reconstruction, and postprocessing techniques. Additionally, we examine AI's growing influence in clinical decision-making, particularly in areas such as segmentation, radiation therapy planning, and reporting assistance. By emphasizing studies conducted in Japan, we highlight the nation's contributions to the advancement of AI in MRI. In the latter part of the review, we highlight the characteristics that make Japan a unique environment for the development and implementation of AI in MRI examinations. Japan's healthcare landscape is distinguished by several key factors that collectively create a fertile ground for AI research and development. Notably, Japan boasts one of the highest densities of MRI scanners per capita globally, ensuring widespread access to the exam. Japan's national health insurance system plays a pivotal role by providing MRI scans to all citizens irrespective of socioeconomic status, which facilitates the collection of inclusive and unbiased imaging data across a diverse population. Japan's extensive health screening programs, coupled with collaborative research initiatives like the Japan Medical Imaging Database (J-MID), enable the aggregation and sharing of large, high-quality datasets. With its technological expertise and healthcare infrastructure, Japan is well-positioned to make meaningful contributions to the MRI-AI domain. The collaborative efforts of researchers, clinicians, and technology experts, including those in Japan, will continue to advance the future of AI in clinical MRI, potentially leading to improvements in patient care and healthcare efficiency.

Sámi trust in hydropower governance: A survey study

The collaborative water governance literature, especially that concerned with trust, has paid scant attention to Indigenous Peoples. In this paper, we present the results from a survey targeting the Sámi population in Sweden, exploring trust in key state and industry actors in the governance of hydropower. The results demonstrate a widespread signal of low trust, which is correlated with a confluence of factors: a strong concern with negative impacts from hydropower on Sámi culture, experiences of limited opportunities to influence decisions, and a perceived low competence as well as limiting attitude from governance actors. Regarding the role of demographic variables, we report on some notable deviations from previous research about institutional trust. We discuss how collaborative governance initiatives often-times are launched to strengthen trust, but that design and implementation failures can, counter-productively, serve to erode trust among Indigenous constituencies. If Sámi trust is to be strengthened, then it will require state authorities and hydropower companies to genuinely engage with Sámi rights claims and ensure influence in decision-making. Our findings also have direct policy relevance, pointing to the need for a steep learning curve if the pending review of hydropower licenses, launched by the Swedish government, is to play a meaningful role in addressing past and ongoing impacts of hydropower on the Sámi People.

Balancing Powers: Azerbaijan’s National Role Conceptions Amidst Regional And Global Challenges

This study explores Azerbaijan's National Role Conceptions (NRCs) since its independence in 1991, analyzing how these evolving conceptions have shaped its foreign policy. Situated in the geopolitically sensitive South Caucasus, Azerbaijan has adopted various NRCs—including "regional stabilizer," "energy provider," and "bridge between East and West"—to address complex regional dynamics. Through a case study approach focusing on the leadership of Heydar and Ilham Aliyev, this paper examines the interplay between role perceptions, leadership transitions, and external pressures. The findings highlight Azerbaijan’s pragmatic strategy in balancing regional powers like Russia and Turkey while simultaneously engaging Western entities. This research sheds light on the inherent contradictions in Azerbaijan's NRCs, particularly its claims as a regional stabilizer amidst ongoing tensions. Ultimately, the study contributes to the broader understanding of NRCs as tools of both influence and adaptability in foreign policy decision-making.

How long does purchase intention exist? “Buying intention survival”: a new insight into forecasting purchase intention abandonment

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to predict the probability and duration of “Buying Intention Survival” (BIS) and to propose a conceptual framework illustrating its determinants. More specifically, it aims to determine the likelihood of buying intention abandonment (BIA) and the time frame in which the intention abandonment might occur.Design/methodology/approachThe data for this study were collected using an online survey of a sample of 573 Tunisian consumers. The data were then subjected to a survival analysis. This method is used for the first time in this context.FindingsResults show that the average duration of the BIS could extend over 162 months. Findings also suggest that involvement, anticipated regret linked to a no-purchase decision and social influence have a positive effect on BIS, whereas anticipated regret linked to purchase influences BIS negatively.Practical implicationsAccurately anticipating the date of BIA is of paramount importance for marketers as it allows them to implement strategies that reduce the risk of abandonment and encourage customers to promptly fulfill their purchasing intentions.Originality/valueThis paper introduces a new concept, namely, BIS, and applies a survival analysis method to determine whether purchase intention disappears over time, how soon it may disappear, and possible reasons this may occur.

The micropolitical landscape of publicly discoverable policies for generative AI in large US school districts

ABSTRACT While the use of generative AI (genAI) in K12 schools is increasing, it is poorly understood from a policy perspective. There are significant tensions in technology integration in education between public interests for social good and pressure from educational technology companies to view schools as markets. This study examined genAI policy efforts in the 50 largest US school districts by student enrolment in fall 2023 and spring 2024. A content analysis of documents from districts, states and media sources revealed micropolitical, rather than top-down, activities where districts were attempting policy making about genAI in varied ways and at varied paces. Educational technology vendors seemed to be opening space for substantial influence in policy decisions simultaneously. Understandings about these micropolitical activities of policy making have the potential to support shared decision-making and co-responsibility as important opportunities for disrupting current dynamics of influence on educational policy making in US schools.

Examining the Influence of antecedents of decision influencers on buying behavior of green personal care products

Examining the Influence of antecedents of decision influencers on buying behavior of green personal care products

Parents’ Participation and Learners’ Educational Achievement

Parents’ participation plays a great role in a child’s learning development. This study sought to determine the relationship between the parents’ participation and learners’ educational achievement. It also identified which independent variable/s singly or in combination influenced the educational achievement of learners. This study used descriptive-correlational and causal design with content analysis. It utilized an adapted and modified questionnaire which was validity and reliability tested. Mean, Standard Deviation, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression as the statistical tools. The study's respondents were the Grades 4,5 and 6 pupils from Naawan Elementary School, Naawan District of Misamis Oriental Division, who were elected though simple random sampling using Slovin’s Formula. Results reveal that parents are highly involved in all six dimensions namely, parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision making and collaborating with community. Parenting as the highest and volunteering as the lowest. Pupils have the Very Satisfactory rating. Parents’ participation has low positive correlation between the pupils’ educational achievement while parenting and decision-making influence the pupils’ educational achievement. Thus, parents may continue to be involved in their children’s education and teachers may sustain parental participation by providing accessible avenues for parents to engage in their children’s academic journey

Building the Foundation: Towards a Theoretical Framework for Forensic Accounting

This study proposed a forensic accounting theory after examining how the impact of certain variables and their interplay on forensic accounting practices can contribute to developing integrated and robust fraud prevention strategies, enhance organizational accountability, and strengthen the overall integrity of financial and internal control systems. In literature, most studies on forensic accounting and fraud prevention have primarily focused on broader aspects such as governance, ethics, and accountability and are largely predicated on theories such as fraud diamond theory and agency theory that seek to understand the causes of fraud, highlighting the importance of forensic accounting in fraud prevention and detection, without suggesting practical forensic accounting frameworks. Also, the forensic accounting theory developed by Peterson Ozil in 2020 examines how the investigator’s attitude or mindset at the time of decision-making influences the outcomes of a forensic investigation. While these studies provide valuable insights into the overall context of fraud prevention, there is a scarcity of research on the specific forensic accounting processes that should be implemented to enhance the effectiveness of fraud prevention measures. This is the significant difference between the current study and previous studies. Therefore, the proposed Vutumu Forensic Accounting Theory serves as the guiding philosophy that underpins the integrated approach of combining control system reliance, litigation support, whistleblower hotlines, sustainable governance systems, ethical philosophy, digital fraud review frequencies, accounting record to reporting quality, and the frequency of system reviews, thereby enabling organizations to establish a proactive framework that addresses various dimensions of fraud prevention and detection. The implementation of the theory emerges as a formidable and comprehensive anti-fraud strategy, seamlessly integrating multiple elements to create a robust defense against fraudulent activities, safeguarding financial integrity, ethical conduct, and accountability within organizations. Furthermore, it is the researcher’s desire that this study serve as a foundation for further research and practical implementation of forensic accounting frameworks in strengthening the ability to detect and prevent fraud.

Health Impact Assessment (HIA): a tool to drive health in all policies?

Abstract Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is often promoted as a tool to implement ‘health in all policies’ and sustainable development approaches to improve health and equity outcomes. However, is this truly the case? Currently global HIA practice is variable. This paper shares learning from the development and implementation of HIA in Wales to date to understand how HIA has been, and can be, used to inform policies and decisions and reduce health inequalities. The research investigated if, and how, HIA can be used as a tool to mobilise HiAP in reality. It followed a mixed methodological approach and investigated the contribution of HIA to practically advancing HiAP viewed through the lens of Wales and internationally. Primary and secondary evidence and statistics were collected and analysed. A literature review, stakeholder interviews, online statistical questionnaires and case studies were conducted. Thematic and content analysis techniques used. Findings include the importance of conceptual considerations i.e. the perspective on health - social determinant an equity or environmental determinant driven - taken by those carrying out or commissioning a HIA; the importance of centres of expertise to learn from; and practical considerations such as the political and regulatory environment, workforce and organisational knowledge and capacity. Wales has a dedicated expert HIA Unit, an enabling political environment and has led to HIA influencing policies and plans over 20 years. It has transferrable learning for other nations and the research including the online survey has been replicated by others, led to collaborations with nations such as Portugal and contributed to the reviewed literature by providing case studies on a topics like climate change which have influenced decision makers. Tangible ways forward for policy makers, researchers and academics include the need to develop more cross collaboration and fill gaps in the evidence i.e. on institutionalisation of HIA. Key messages • HIA is a excellent process to drive Health in all policies approaches. • HIA needs an enabling environment and workforce support such as that in Wales to thrive.

Analisis Pengaruh Electronic Word of Mouth, Brand Image, Brand Trust terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Marketplace Shopee

This study aims to analyse the effect of Electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM), brand image, and brand trust on purchasing decisions at the Shopee marketplace. The research method used is quantitative. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 100 Shopee users in Indonesia. The results of the analysis show that e-WOM, brand image, and brand trust have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. Of the three variables, brand trust has the most dominant influence in shaping consumer decisions to make purchases. This research provides implications that Shopee needs to increase consumer trust and strengthen brand image to drive purchasing decisions through effective digital marketing strategies.

Influence of spin-off decision on financing risk: Empirical insight from Indonesian Islamic banks

Background Spin-offs play a significant role in organizational development strategies, particularly in Islamic banking, by fostering entrepreneurship, innovation, and Shariah-compliant management practices. Indonesia stands as a pioneer in implementing the dual banking system and has established a spin-off policy to foster the growth of Islamic banking. This study investigates whether the spin-off decision has a significant impact on financing risk in Indonesian Islamic banks. Methods Financing risk is measured by the non-performing financing ratio, while the spin-off decision is represented by a dummy variable equal to 1 for the post-spin-off period and 0 for the pre-spin-off period. This study utilizes data from semi-annual reports of 35 Indonesian Islamic banks and analyzes it using a dynamic panel model with the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Results The findings reveal that spin-offs significantly reduce financing risk, thereby enhancing the financial resilience and boosting investor appeal. Notably, this implies that Islamic banks operating as Islamic windows exhibit a higher level of financing risk compared to fully-fledged Islamic banks. Furthermore, a noteworthy pattern emerges that spin-off Islamic banks with substantial assets demonstrate greater risk in comparison to their counterparts with more modest assets. System GMM also confirmed the result. Conclusions Islamic banks can significantly reduce their financing risks by establishing independent Islamic banks, or spin-offs. Unlike Islamic windows, which are typically integrated within conventional banks and face higher risk levels, standalone Islamic banks offer greater flexibility and control over their operations.

Analysis Of The Marketing Mix And Its Influence On Purchasing Decisions On The Prasetya Products

This study aims to identify, study and analyze the marketing mix of The Prasetya and The Influences in Customer Decisions to by product of The Prasetya. This study used qualitative research methods, with data collection techniques observation, interviews and explore theh types of open-ended questions where information is free to provide in depth information to be used as research data. The data analyzed is the result of interviews with employees, customers and experienced human resourch of UMKM using analyctical techniques including data reduction, data presentation and levers or cunclusions. The result of this study that marketing mix of The Prasetya has been able to influence consumer purchasing decisions and increase sales turnover and customers always make repeat purchases for the product and also increase the company's profits so that the company's goals can be achieved.

Decision regret after curative treatment and its association with the decision-making process and quality of life for prostate cancer patients.

To determine how the treatment decision-making process and posttreatment health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are related to regret about treatment choice for prostate cancer patients in Japan. We invited a total of 614 patients who were treated with radiation therapy (RT), radical prostatectomy (RP), or active surveillance/watchful waiting (AS/WW) from April 2007 to March 2021. Posttreatment regret was evaluated by the Decision Regret Scale. HRQOL was evaluated by the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite and the 12-item Short Form Survey. The decision-making process was assessed by patient evaluation of the decision-making process. We compared the decision regret scale scores across treatment types, HRQOL, and decision-making processes. Data from 371 patients were analyzed (RT: 202, RP: 149, AS/WW: 20). The median length of time since treatment was 64 (IQR: 43-93) months. The decision regret scale scores were not significantly different among the treatment groups but were significantly greater (strong regret) in patients with poor urinary summary scores, bowel summary scores, and hormonal summary scores. The decision regret scale scores were significantly lower (less regret) for patients who reported being adequately informed at the time of the treatment decision and who had adequately communicated their questions and concerns to physicians than for patients who reported less adequate communication. This result was also observed among patients who reported low HRQOL scores. These findings underline the important influence of posttreatment HRQOL and decision-making as an interactive process between physicians and their patients on posttreatment regret in prostate cancer patients.

Influence of stream temperature and human disturbance on prespawn mortality of Chinook Salmon in the Willamette River basin

AbstractObjectivePremature mortality of adult female Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha is a major barrier to population recovery. The Willamette River basin, Oregon, typifies the problems that are faced by fishery managers in the Pacific Northwest (USA). Adult salmon are trapped and transported upstream of dams to access historical spawning grounds, but annual rates of prespawn mortality (PSM) are high (often >40%) and may limit the recovery of natural populations. The purpose of this study was to identify potential factors related to PSM of female Chinook Salmon that are outplanted above dams and incorporate them into a modeling framework to facilitate adaptive management of outplanting operations.MethodsWe evaluated PSM in Fall Creek of the Willamette River basin prior to transport facility improvements in summer and fall of 2010–2017 and postimprovement during 2020–2021. We estimated PSM and conducted exploratory analyses to identify possible nontransport sources of stress that may contribute to the observed high PSM rates. Candidate factors included long‐term elevated temperature exposure, elevated temperature exposure below the trap, total number of outplanted fish, and monthly human disturbance of outplanted fish. We then developed and fit three models, each representing a hypothesis of a factor influencing PSM, incorporated them into a single alternative decision model, and conducted sensitivity analyses.ResultPrespawn mortality averaged 0.66 (ranging from 0.37 to 0.94) over the study period. According to the simulation results, the top two management actions were to exclude human activities—swimming and fishing—from Fall Creek in July and August.ConclusionExpected PSM rates were predicted to be 0.38 when human activity was excluded in July and 0.37 for August. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the most influential decision model component was the choice of the alternative model.

Who Can Say What? Testing the Impact of Interpersonal Mechanisms and Gender on Fairness Evaluations of Content Moderation

Content moderation is commonly used by social media platforms to curb the spread of hateful content. Yet, little is known about how users perceive this practice and which factors may influence their perceptions. Publicly denouncing content moderation—for example, portraying it as a limitation to free speech or as a form of political targeting—may play an important role in this context. Evaluations of moderation may also depend on interpersonal mechanisms triggered by perceived user characteristics. In this study, we disentangle these different factors by examining how the gender, perceived similarity, and social influence of a user publicly complaining about a content-removal decision influence evaluations of moderation. In an experiment ( n = 1,586) conducted in the United States, the Netherlands, and Portugal, participants witnessed the moderation of a hateful post, followed by a publicly posted complaint about moderation by the affected user. Evaluations of the fairness, legitimacy, and bias of the moderation decision were measured, as well as perceived similarity and social influence as mediators. The results indicate that arguments about freedom of speech significantly lower the perceived fairness of content moderation. Factors such as social influence of the moderated user impacted outcomes differently depending on the moderated user’s gender. We discuss implications of these findings for content-moderation practices.

Management Framework for Quality Assurance to Strengthen Technology and TVET Pre-service Teacher Education

This study developed a management framework for quality assurance to enhance Technical-Vocational Education and Training (TVET) and technology pre-service teacher education programs in CALABARZON (Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon). Using the three-round Delphi consensus-building technique, the research assessed quality assurance practices and challenges in managing Bachelor of Technology and Livelihood Education (BTLEd) and Bachelor of Technical Vocational Teacher Education (BTVTEd) programs. The study also examined key factors affecting student performance in licensure examinations, career decision influences, and strategies to improve program appeal. Thirteen Delphi experts, including College Deans and program chairs, and 117 BTLEd and BTVTEd graduates participated. Thematic and statistical analyses, including the Mann-Whitney U test, compared assessment differences between graduates concerning licensure exam performance, career decisions, and program appeal strategies. The findings highlight that Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs) in the region prioritize quality assurance through curriculum reviews, faculty engagement, accreditation, facility maintenance, and continuous improvement. However, they face challenges such as resource limitations, curriculum misalignment, faculty development issues, and lack of specific quality assurance standards for TVET programs. Graduates noted factors influencing their licensure exam performance and career decisions, emphasizing the importance of review preparation, teaching strategies, and professional development. To enhance program appeal, there is a need for sustained career guidance, institutional initiatives, and program awareness efforts. The study recommends strengthening collaboration with stakeholders and implementing the proposed management framework to align with national and international standards.