This paper is an exposition of Karl Marx's political economy to review the philosophical scientific explanation of historical materialism and relevance in the context of Nigeria. The paper submitted that Nigeria political economy history is a reflection of evidence in Karl Marx especially the periods that spanned pre-colonial, colonial and post colonial independence era. The conclusion of the paper is that Nigeria is in the full blown capitalism epoch and state policies have thrived the epoch. Nigeria State therefore reproduced capitalism and ideological repression of wage/salary workers and the masses. Notwithstanding the inevitability of capitalism and attendant consequences of poverty and socio-economic pressure in Nigeria, it is recommended that public-private partnership should be continuum in the provision of essential services which consumption and demand is inelastic. State intervention is non-negotiable in essential services to mitigate the purchasing power of wages and salaries in the inflationary trend, which has soared continuously in Nigeria for decades.