Inflation Process Research Articles

Mathematical modeling of moisture infiltration in the soil during drip irrigation of a garden

This article presents long-term data of theoretical and field experimental studies using a low-pressure drip irrigation system for the apple variety the “Golden” in the Chirchik-Akhangaran valley for the first time. In the development of irrigation regimes for equipment and technology for drip irrigation of a garden, there is a great importance to determine amount of water infiltration into the soils of the active layer of the irrigated area. As a result of current research work, a mathematical modeling of the process of moisture inflation in the soil during drip irrigation of the garden has been developed.

Investigation on the Folding Mode and Deployment Process of an Inflatable Boarding Platform for the Marine Emergency Evacuation System

The different folding and storage forms of an inflatable boarding platform will have a direct impact on the deployment effect of the marine emergency evacuation system. This paper proposes different folding and storage methods for an inflatable boarding platform in a marine emergency evacuation system. According to the difference between the fold line and the fold direction, the numerical models of a boarding platform with partial fold, “Z” type fold and inner spiral fold are established. The platform models with three folding modes are simulated by numerical simulation. According to the numerical results of the inflation process, the displacement changes of the inflatable membrane and the surface characteristics of the model are compared and analyzed, and the synchronization of the deployment process of the upper and lower airbags in three folding forms is studied. The deployment characteristics of different folding inflatable boarding platforms in different stages are analyzed. The numerical results are of great reference value to the folding and releasing process of an inflatable boarding platform and its practical design as well as its application in the evacuation system.

Measuring the Inflation Level in Conditions of Macroeconomic Instability

The article presents methodology for assessing the level of inflation in the Russian economy, based on the use of mathematical and statistical methods, based on the use of aggregated (integral) inflation indices that characterize the dynamics of business processes in the main areas of the national economy. The purpose of the publication is to justify the need to use an expanded composition of indices that more fully characterize the country's strategic development, including economic, financial and monetary regulators, which have become the main objects of the Western sanctions policy in the new geopolitical reality. Despite the compliance of the methodology of inflation meters in the Russian economy with the recommendations of international organizations, during the period of financial and macroeconomic instability, the applied inflation indicators ambiguously reflect the situation of ongoing inflation processes in various sectors of the national economy. As a result, the quality of analytical work is reduced by institutions for the real sector development, which reduces the effectiveness of decisions made by business entities and government bodies. The article shows that the aggregated inflation index as an integral measure calculated on the basis of partial inflation indicators makes it possible to more accurately determine changes in the level and quality of life through price dynamics in the most significant national economic complexes compared to the consumer price index, which characterizes the lower limit of the cost of living. The results of the work were the conclusions of the authors, obtained by analyzing the calculations of the time series of aggregated and partial inflation indices. The necessity of periodic adjustment of the composition of private indicators taken into account in the formation of the aggregate inflation index is substantiated by including new, more relevant indicators and excluding indicators that have lost their topicality. The article recommends considering the aggregate inflation index as a target inflation indicator and using it when determining the key rate of the Bank of Russia, amount of pensions, the subsistence level, the minimum wage and a number of other macro-indicators of strategic development.

Prediction of Output Force of Pneumatic System Using BP Neural Network

The dynamics of complex pneumatic systems are highly non-linear. The traditional modeling method has many flaws, such as a large number of influencing parameters, difficulty solving expressions, and an easy accumulation of errors. The models obtained by the traditional method are often inaccurate and difficult to be adopted for accurate control. In this paper, the pneumatic system of a hybrid electric-pneumatic actuator was analyzed theoretically and tested experimentally. A BP neural network model for the pneumatic system inflation and deflation was developed by selecting appropriate state parameters, and a prediction algorithm was proposed to predict the output force of the system for a period of time during the process of inflation (deflation). The results showed that it was feasible to adopt this method to predict the output force of the pneumatic system containing the common switch valve. The prediction of output force variation is good within the range of experimental data. It provides an effective method for the dynamic modeling of complex pneumatic systems. The prediction results within the sample range were better than those outside the sample range. In the future, the training sample data can be increased to improve the prediction accuracy of the model.

The Origins and Dynamics of Inflation in Turkey: An SVAR Approach

This study aims to present empirical evidence on the relative importance of supply and demand-side factors in determining the fluctuations in the general level of prices in the Turkish economy. The employed strategy uses the view that supply and demand pressures can be distinguished from each other depending on the direction of their effects on price and quantity. After classifying the related economic variables as supply, demand, and common factors, the main determinants of domestic supply and demand were estimated econometrically using sample data from 2003:1–2021:4, and their relative contribution to inflation was calculated. By using these basic determinants, the estimated structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model shows that the pressures arising from the supply side are more dominant than the pressures of the demand side on the inflationary process in Turkey. The results indicate that the methodology suggested in this study will be useful in separating the factors that contribute to inflation, which has recently gotten out of control in Turkey and is gradually moving away from the targeted inflation. Policymakers considering these findings can reach optimal decisions in conducting the monetary policy toward the targeted level of inflation.

Primordial black hole from the running curvaton* *Supported by the Hunan Provincial Department of Education (19B464), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 12165009).

In light of our previous study [Chin. Phys. C 44(8), 085103 (2020)], we investigate the possibility of the formation of a primordial black hole in the second inflationary process induced by the oscillation of the curvaton. By adopting the instability of the Mathieu equation, one can utilize the δ function to fully describe the power spectrum. Owing to the running of the curvaton mass, we can simulate the value of the abundance of primordial black holes covering almost all of the mass ranges. Three special cases are given. One case may account for dark matter because the abundance of a primordial black hole is approximately 75% . As late times, the relic of exponential potential may be approximated to a constant of the order of a cosmological constant, which is dubbed as the role of dark energy. Thus, our model could unify dark energy and dark matter from the perspective of phenomenology. Finally, it sheds new light on exploring Higgs physics.

Conversion of squeezed gravitons into photons during inflation

It is believed that relic gravitons are squeezed during inflation. If so, quantum noise induced by them can be significantly enhanced in current interferometers. However, decoherence of the gravitons during cosmic history may change the degree of squeezing. As a first step for analyzing the decoherence of the gravitons, we assume the presence of a sizable magnetic field at the beginning of inflation and study conversion processes of the squeezed gravitons into photons during inflation in the case of minimal coupling between gravitons and photons. We solve the dynamical evolution of a coupled system of gravitons and photons perturbatively and obtain squeezing parameters for the system numerically and analytically. It turns out that the gravitons are robust against the decoherence caused by the cosmological magnetic fields. We also find that the conversion rate of gravitons into photons is at a few percent at most.

Baryogenesis from combined Higgs–scalar field inflation

We study a modification of the Higgs inflation scenario where we introduce an extra scalar $\phi$, with mass $m$, coupled to the Ricci scalar as $g\phi^2 R$, and mixed with the Higgs field $h$ via the Lagrangian term $\mu \phi h^2$. Both fields participate in the inflation process in a unitary theory that predicts values of the cosmological observables in agreement with the results from the Planck/BICEP/Keck collaborations. In addition, by means of a $\mathcal{CP}$-odd effective operator that couples $\phi$ to the Chern-Simons term of the hypercharge gauge group as $f_\phi^{-1}\phi \,Y_{\mu\nu}\tilde Y^{\mu\nu}$, maximally helical magnetic fields are produced during the last $e$-folds of inflation. We found a window in the coupling $ f_\phi$ where these fields survive all constraints until the electroweak phase transition, and source the baryon asymmetry of the Universe through the Standard Model chiral anomaly. From a phenomenological perspective, the model can solve the Standard Model instability problem at the scale $\mathcal Q_I\simeq 10^{11}$ GeV, provided that $\mu\lesssim m \lesssim \mathcal Q_I$, and for $m\lesssim \mathcal{O}$(few)~TeV, the $\phi$-$h$ mixing becomes sizable while the theory turns natural. The latter thus predicts modifications of the trilinear and quartic couplings that could be explored at the HE-LHC, as well as at future colliders, and allows for direct $\phi$ production at the LHC followed by decay into $hh$. Present results from ATLAS and CMS already put (mild) bounds on the mass of the heavy scalar as $m\gtrsim 0.55$~TeV at 95\% C.L.

Döviz Kuru Dalgalanmalarının Enflasyona Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği

In this study, the effects of the nominal dollar exchange rate and the industrial production index on WPI were analyzed using the ARDL bounds test method. The analysis of the study covers the period the 2005:M1-2021:M11 with monthly data. According to the results of the study, a 1% increase in the dollar exchange rate leads to an increase of approximately 0.7% in the WPI. When the industrial production index increases by 1%, the WPI increases by 1.04%. In addition, the fact that the growth in industrial production increases producer inflation reveals important results in terms of foreign dependency of production. These results raise concerns about growth with high inflation. The implementation of a rapid growth model in an economy with high inflation and high exchange rates may lead to an income-reducing situation for final consumers. These results show that a stable inflation and growth process in Turkey is based on a balanced exchange rate and interest rate policy.

Dynamics simulation of a folding wing unmanned aerial vehicle with the parachute system assisted launching

This paper mainly focuses on a series of dynamic problems caused by a small folding wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with a parachute system assisted launched from the high-altitude balloon platform. The simulation contents are the four-stage motion processes of the “parachute-UAV system” after separation from the balloon platform, including the straightening stage, the inflation process, the stable descend under the influence of the wing deployment action, and the trajectory leveling of the UAV. The “parachute-UAV system” is equivalent to a multi rigid body connection structure. We introduce the straightening length parameter and the wing deployment angles based on the Kane method to establish the dynamic model. And we choose the inflation time method to simulate the parachute deployment process and the flat plate high angle of attack model to describe the wing aerodynamic force. In the simulation, we compare six launching processes of different wing deployment time periods and obtain the separation state of each UAV when cut from the parachute. We adopt the Radau Pseudo-Spectral method to calculate the leveling trajectory of six UAVs. This paper is an engineering application research study and can provide a simulation reference for the launching test of the balloon-borne folding wing UAV system.

Novel design of irregular closed-cell foams structures based on spherical particle inflation and evaluation of its compressive performance

Due to the high degree of randomness in the microstructure of real closed-cell foams, many reported numerical models in the literature are not able to capture precisely the local morphological features found in solid foams geometry. This is still the main impediment that restricts the investigation of this novel material and motivates the development of a sophisticated 3D solid model, which describes properly the complex geometry of real closed-cell foams. In this regard, this paper presents an original approach to generate a realistic and accurate 3D computational model of irregular closed-cell foams with relative density control and detailed finite element analysis of their mechanical performance under quasi-static loading up to densification. The solid model is constructed based on spherical particles inflation simulation. It resembles the real foams in terms of local features such as cell walls irregularities and thickness variation. The modeling approach was successfully verified by comparing cell-morphological details of the generated models with those produced experimentally available in the literature and by the high-quality of obtained 3D printed models containing complex shapes and irregular cell wall thickness distribution. The evolution of spherical particles during the inflation process is analyzed based on finite element (FE) simulations. It was found that it can produce varying relative densities of foam due to the gradual decrease in the gap between the inflated particles, this makes the geometrical model of the foam suitable for studying the effect of local morphological characteristics on the mechanical performance of closed-cell foam material. To demonstrate that the compressive performance of the proposed closed-cell foam models can be controlled by relative density, 3D foam models were extracted from different inflation times and then subjected to quasi-static compression tests up to densification using the Abaqus software. The results confirm that the plateau stress can be expressed as a function of foam relative density, its accuracy is validated by comparing it to the closed-cell aluminum foam power law equation existing in the literature. The new design method offers suitable numerical models for AM technology, plenty of experimental works on closed-cell foam can be reduced for engineering applications.

Knowledge Management and Practices of Real Estate Valuation in Turkey

The purpose of this research is to examine knowledge management (KM) and changes in the real estate (RE) valuation (V) profession in the case of Turkey, which is among the countries that are not fully transparent in RE investments, and to compare them with good practise examples. The increase in RE prices around the world, which started with the conditions of the COVID-19 period, while financial institution REV process and also creates dissatisfaction for buyers and sellers. While the world is experiencing an inflationary process, the rapid change in RE values ​​has made information management even more important in V in countries where there is no transparency in RE transactions. In this study, market players, KM in V accessible databases in V, software and web portals for valuers and companies, V workflows, number of RE sales with known transaction price information by year, number of RE sales with unknown transaction price information by year, value objection data by year, KM systems, public data sharing platforms, and legislation are looked at in the context of how they are used in the sample country. Literature research has been conducted in the field of information management since 2001 in the RE sector in the sample country and compared with world examples. In REV, the KM deficiencies needed to make more accurate value estimations for the benefit of credit institutions, collateral financing institutions, buyers, sellers, housing loan institutions, REV companies, and valuers have been researched. With its recommendations, good practise examples in the field of RE and REV in the world in KM are included. This study aims to be a reference source for future studies and discussions in this field by compiling knowledge on how KM is applied and used in the field of REV.

Toward a magnetic warm inflation scenario

In this work we explore the effects that a possible primordial magnetic field can have on the inflaton effective potential, taking as the underlying model a warm inflation scenario, based on global supersymmetry with a new-inflation-type potential. The decay scheme for the inflaton field is a two-step process of radiation production, where the inflaton couples to heavy intermediate superfields, which in turn interact with light particles. In this context, we consider that both sectors, heavy and light, are charged and work in the strong magnetic field approximation for the light fields. We find an analytical expression for the one-loop effective potential, for an arbitrary magnetic field strength, and show that the trend of the magnetic contribution is to make the potential flatter in the origin's vicinity, preserving the conditions for a successful inflationary process. This result is backed up by the behavior of slow-roll parameter $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$. The viability of this magnetic warm inflation scenario is also supported by the estimation of the effect of the magnetic field on the heavy particles decay width.

Modeling thermal shrinkage of tire cords and its application in FE analysis of Post Cure Inflation

Thermal shrinkage in polymeric tire cords greatly influences tire dimensions and performance. In order to reduce the undesirable effects of this phenomenon, the Post Cure Inflation (PCI) process is used as a step in tire manufacturing. Finite element analysis of such a complex process requires the consideration of thermal shrinkage, creep, and change in material stiffness for both the cords and the rubber materials. This work focuses on the development of a tire cord material model, which accounts for thermal shrinkage and its related effects. A thermomechanical finite strain rebar element is formulated to enable the representation of the cords within the tire geometry. The proposed cord material distinguishes recoverable from unrecoverable shrinkage to allow a more general description of different types of polymeric cords. A temperature, stress and time dependent thermal shrinkage evolution law is introduced. Moreover, mechanical creep and stiffness variations due to temperature change and shrinkage are considered. The developed formulation is validated against several experimental data obtained for tire cords. Curing and PCI process of a tire segment are also simulated to investigate the effect of thermal shrinkage on the resulting tire dimensions.

Numerical study on ring slot parachute finite mass inflation process and wake recontact phenomenon

To study the parachute finite mass inflation process and the wake recontact phenomenon, the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Euler coupling method is used to analyze the two sets of parachute-load systems with Mr=0.95, Fr=298 and Mr=1.77, Fr=144. The comparison between the numerical simulation results and the airdrop experiment results shows that this method can simulate the parachute finite mass opening process and the wake recontact phenomenon successfully. In parachute-load systems with and without wake recontact phenomenon, the opening force, aerodynamic coefficient, flexible canopy deformation, and surrounding flow field structure are analyzed. The results reveal that in the parachute-load system where the wake recontact phenomenon does not occur, there exist small outward jets at the canopy vent and gap. The outward jets push the canopy wake away from the canopy surface. The parachute maintains a fully inflated shape, and the drag is relatively stable. Conversely, considering the system where wake recontact occurs no outward jets were observed at the canopy vent and gap. The wake region behind canopy always follows the parachute-load movement. At a certain time, the wake region begins to catch up with canopy surface and this phenomenon leads to parachute apex collapsing and serious drag coefficient loss. As the parachute-load system deflects, the wake is dissipated and gradually moves away from the canopy, and the parachute is then reinflated and reaches the stable landing state.

Experimental and numerical study on rapid inflation process of air-launched balloon

The rapid inflation process is the most important stage in the whole working process of rapid deployment of aerostat. However, it is difficult to reveal its mechanical mechanism by existing experimental and numerical methods and reasonably explain the damage and helium leakage during the inflation process. An air-launched balloon for rapid deployment was designed and manufactured, and the related ground steady inflation experiment was carried out in this work. Then, the rapid inflation process of the folded balloon was studied by using the Simplified Arbitrary Lagrangian- Eulerian (SALE) method. Here, the folded balloon model was obtained by the reverse folding method. The structure and flow field were described by Lagrangian elements, and the coupling between them was obtained by a contact algorithm. The numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental results. The numerical method in this work could obtain abundant information on the structure and flow field which couldn’t be obtained by the experimental method. The change law of structure and flow field was obtained and the failure mechanism in the destructive experiment was explained. The numerical method proposed in this work could provide a reference for the material selection, gas source selection and structure optimization of the rapid deployment aerostat system.

Quantum cosmology with vector torsion

We extend the treatment of quantum cosmology to a manifold with torsion. We adopt a model of Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble compatible with the cosmological principle. The universe wave function is shown to be subject to a . With a vanishing energy-momentum tensor, the universe evolution in the semiclassical and classical regimes is shown to suggest a two-stage inflationary process induced by torsion.

Relationship between Covid-19 and money supply in Turkey: evidence from ARDL bounds testing approach

Purpose- COVID-19 has been a devastating process. During this period, there was a significant increase in the money supply. So, in this process, is there a relationship between COVID-19 and the money supply? This study intends to investigate if COVID-19 and the money supply have both a short- and long-term relationship. Methodology- Logarithmic conversions were used to examine the number of COVID-19 new cases obtained from the Association of Public Health Professionals (HASUDER) and the Turkey Republic Ministry of Health, as well as M2 weekly money supply data from the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) Electronic Data Distribution System (EVDS). For stationarity tests, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Phillips Perron (PP), and Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt, and Shin (KPSS) unit root tests were used. Due to the different degrees of stationarity of the series, cointegration was not possible, so the long-term relationship was evaluated using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). Short-term analyzes included the VAR Model and the Granger Causality Test. Findings- COVID-19 and the money supply, according to the findings, are not cointegrated in the long term. It has been discovered that the series do not move together over the long run. But in the short term, COVID-19 is a Granger cause of the money supply. Conclusion- The increase in COVID-19 cases positively affects the money supply. An increase in the money supply also leads to inflation. Therefore, in order to cope with the inflationary process triggered by the pandemic, measures to prevent the increase in COVID-19 cases are important. These findings will be "confirming" in the design of policies in this process. This study is also a contribution to the literature due to the lack of studies investigating the response of the money supply to COVID-19. Keywords: Covid-19, money supply, ARDL bounds testing approach, VAR model, Granger Causality. JEL Codes: E51, E52, I15, I18, C22

Inflation and a predictable pandemic, femicide: evidence from ARDL bounds testing approach from Turkey

Purpose- Although femicide has been an ongoing "problem" for centuries, it has started to attract the attention of researchers in recent years. Femicide has been explored in many ways, but its research from an economic perspective has been neglected. The main motivation of this study is the economic analysis of Femicide. The aim of this paper is to determine whether there is a correlation between inflation and femicide. Methodology- To achieve this, monthly data on Femicide in Turkey (case taken from We Will Stop Femicide Platform) and monthly inflation data from the Central Bank of Turkey (CBT) balance sheet for the period between 2013:01 and 2020:11 were tested using the Normal LM Test with two breaks, Enders and Lee (2012) Flexible Fourier Unit Root Test and ADF and PP unit root test, the ARDL Bounds Test Approach, and Error Correction (VECM). The VECM model has also been used to investigate the short-term relationship. Findings- According to the analysis's results, inflation and femicide have a long-term correlation. A rise in inflation of one unit was followed by an increase in femicides of 0.95 units, and it was demonstrated that a long-term variation between the variables approached each other by 47% in the subsequent era. Conclusion- Politicians should take note of the discovery that inflation and femicide are cointegrated and that inflation will increase femicide in the current inflationary process to avert these avoidable social and economic costs. These findings are of utmost significance to society, and this study, which is a first, adds to the body of literature. Keywords: Inflation, femicide, bounds testing, ARDL JEL Codes: E31, E58, I18, C01, D19

Fiscal Expansion in The EU and Scale Effect on Growth Deviations of Developing Economies

The accelerating effect of financial support and incentives creates different growing trends in countries representing emerging economies. This phenomenon is the subject of other economic growth models in a process in which the expected public supports positively affects emerging economies, including financial monetary policies. Besides the structural effects of the budgetary expansion phenomenon, this study aims to analyse the contribution to economic growth, especially in countries representing emerging economies within the EU's scope and put forth the scale values for determining possible deviations in response to increasing monetary expansions. These countries have different actual economic growth trends from EU countries, which mean different fiscal policy targets within the scope of the public economy have created other efficiency deviations in expenditure-based policies. It is observed that the fact that public financial support does not appear solely based on public expenditures and that their possible indirect effects on the public budget have a different impact on the target economic growth trends in an expanding fiscal process. Here, the problem for emerging economies is to achieve a controlled fiscal expansion and public spending trends without causing possible macroeconomic deviations from target economic growth. Whether the fiscal-budgetary expansion will include a possible inflationary process in the expansion of the monetary base can also be followed in the empirical process in which the monetary policy targets and the fiscal policies in practice form the basis of possible conflict.