Infinite Potential Research Articles

Rényi entropy of locally excited states with thermal and boundary effect in 2D CFTs

We study Rényi entropy of locally excited states with considering the thermal and boundary effects respectively in two dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs). Firstly, we consider locally excited states obtained by acting primary operators on a thermal state in low temperature limit. The Rényi entropy is summation of contribution from thermal effect and local excitation. Secondly, we mainly study the Rényi entropy of locally excited states in 2D CFT with a boundary. We show that the time evolution of Rényi entropy is affected by the boundary, but does not depend on the boundary condition. Moreover, we show that the maximal value of Rényi entropy always coincides with the log of quantum dimension of the primary operator. In terms of quasi-particle interpretation, the boundary behaves as an infinite potential barrier which reflects any energy moving towards it.

Spontaneous acquisition of infinite proliferative capacity by a rabbit corneal endothelial cell line with maintenance of phenotypic and physiological characteristics.

Rabbit cells and models are frequently used in pharmacological experiments and toxicity tests and are particularly useful for corneal transplant experiments. Here, we obtained a corneal endothelial cell line from normal rabbit corneal endothelium that had acquired infinite proliferative potential without requiring gene transfer. These infinitely proliferative rabbit corneal endothelial cells (iRCECs) could be cultured for > 250 generations and exhibited a greater ability to proliferate than did normal rabbit corneal endothelial cells (RCECs) cultivated by conventional methods. The results of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunostaining analyses revealed that the expression profiles of corneal endothelial markers, such as collagen type VIIIα1 and Na+ /K+ -ATPase, were similar to those of RCECs and in vivo corneal endothelium. Scanning electron microscopy showed that many microvilli were present on the surface of the cells and that the ultrastructure was maintained. In addition, we verified that the iRCECs had similar levels of pump function as did RCECs using an Ussing chamber system. The results of a soft agar colony-formation assay suggested that the iRCECs were not tumourigenic. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the iRCECs exhibited gene expression profiles and properties that were equivalent to those of native rabbit corneal endothelium, making these cells useful for corneal endothelial research studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Factorization method for the truncated harmonic oscillator

Factorization procedures of first and second order are used to generate Hamiltonians with known spectra departing from the harmonic oscillator with an infinite potential barrier. Certain systems obtained in a straightforward way through said method possess differential ladder operators of both types, third and fourth order. Since systems with this kind of operators are linked with the Painlevé IV and V equations respectively, several solutions of these non-linear second-order differential equations will be simply found.

Structure of the quantum spin Hall states in HgTe/CdTe and InAs/GaSb/AlSb quantum wells

A solution of the $\mathbf{k}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathbf{p}$ model is presented for bulk and quantum spin hall (QSH) edge states in semiconductor topological insulator (TI) quantum wells (QWs), bounded at the edge by an infinite wall potential. The edge states are exponentially localized, with a nonzero amplitude at the QW edge, and obey standard boundary conditions for the wave function and its derivative. Single helical edge states with spin locked to the direction of motion are found in the TI band gap $({E}_{\mathrm{TI}})$ of QWs with both strong (HgTe/CdTe) and weak (InAs/GaSb/AlSb) $s\text{\ensuremath{-}}p$ hybridization, but in the second case only below a small critical band gap, ${E}_{\mathrm{crit}}\ensuremath{\sim}1.6\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$. For ${E}_{\mathrm{TI}}>{E}_{\mathrm{crit}}$, there appear to be two degenerate states for each spin direction. It is suggested that ${Z}_{2}$-like topological properties can still be maintained if one of these states is spurious or suppressed by disorder. The effect of interface band mixing, and band mixing due to structural inversion asymmetry and bulk inversion asymmetry is also considered. Simple model Hamiltonians are developed for the bulk and edge states which are calibrated against a bulk eight-band $\mathbf{k}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathbf{p}$ calculation close to the TI transition. At the transition, the zero gap bulk states exhibit a spin splitting, essentially changing the Dirac point to a circle. In the TI phase, there is a small change in the dispersion of the QSH edge states. These results confirm the robustness of the QSH edge states to spatial symmetry breaking interactions.

Tele-periodontics - Oral health care at a grass root level.

A new concept of tele-periodontics, which merges the innovative technology of telecommunications and the field of periodontics, is proposed. This new field of tele-periodontics will have an infinite potential where access to a specialist will be provided at a grass root level, enhancing effective delivery of therapy and information to the rural and under privileged areas. It would allow the specialist and the patient to interact either by video conferencing (real time) or through supportive information (store and forward) over geographic distances. Different probabilities of tele-periodontics such as tele consultation, tele training, tele education and tele support are also discussed in this paper.

Local Exact Controllability of a One-Dimensional Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

We consider a one-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation, modeling a Bose--Einstein condensate in an infinite square-well potential (box). This is a nonlinear control system in which the state is the wave function of the Bose--Einstein condensate and the control is the length of the box. We prove that local exact controllability around the ground state (associated with a fixed length of the box) holds generically with respect to the chemical potential $\mu $, i.e., up to an at most countable set of $\mu $-values. The proof relies on the linearization principle and the inverse mapping theorem, as well as ideas from analytic perturbation theory.

Stylized Tendency of Scene Design in Digital Games—Take Gothic and Surrealism for Example

In this paper, taking the scene design in gothic style for Alice: Madness Return and the scene design in surrealism for Samorost 1-3 for examples, authors analyze the stylized tendency of scene design in digital game. The stylized game scene design sends out avant-garde design thinking, which provides infinite creative potential and aesthetic view to the game design, and which makes the game scene design presents an aesthetic concept with rich individual characters and cultural accumulation.

Reprogramming suppresses premature senescence phenotypes of Werner syndrome cells and maintains chromosomal stability over long-term culture.

Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder characterized by chromosomal instability and cancer predisposition. Mutations in WRN are responsible for the disease and cause telomere dysfunction, resulting in accelerated aging. Recent studies have revealed that cells from WS patients can be successfully reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In the present study, we describe the effects of long-term culture on WS iPSCs, which acquired and maintained infinite proliferative potential for self-renewal over 2 years. After long-term cultures, WS iPSCs exhibited stable undifferentiated states and differentiation capacity, and premature upregulation of senescence-associated genes in WS cells was completely suppressed in WS iPSCs despite WRN deficiency. WS iPSCs also showed recapitulation of the phenotypes during differentiation. Furthermore, karyotype analysis indicated that WS iPSCs were stable, and half of the descendant clones had chromosomal profiles that were similar to those of parental cells. These unexpected properties might be achieved by induced expression of endogenous telomerase gene during reprogramming, which trigger telomerase reactivation leading to suppression of both replicative senescence and telomere dysfunction in WS cells. These findings demonstrated that reprogramming suppressed premature senescence phenotypes in WS cells and WS iPSCs could lead to chromosomal stability over the long term. WS iPSCs will provide opportunities to identify affected lineages in WS and to develop a new strategy for the treatment of WS.

Epigenetics in the development, modification, and prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Epigenetics has major relevance to all disease processes; cardiovascular (CV) disease and its related conditions are no exception. Epigenetics is defined as the study of heritable alterations in gene expression, or cellular phenotype, and goes far beyond a pure genetic approach. A more precise definition is that epigenetics represents all the meiotically and mitotically inherited changes in gene expression that are not encoded on the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence itself. Major epigenetic mechanisms are modifications of histone proteins in chromatin and DNA methylation (which does not alter the DNA sequence). There is increasing evidence for the involvement of epigenetics in human disease such as cancer, inflammatory disease and CV disease. Other chronic diseases are also susceptible to epigenetic modification such as metabolic diseases including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. There is much evidence for the modification of epigenetics by nutrition and exercise. Through these modifications, there is infinite potential for benefit for the fetus, the newborn, and the individual as well as population effects. Association with CV disease, including coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular disease, is evident through epigenetic relationships and modification by major CV risk factors such as tobacco abuse. Aging itself may be altered by epigenetic modification. Knowledge of epigenetics and its relevance to the development, modification, and prevention of CV disease is in a very preliminary stage but has an infinite future.

인삼종자로부터 분리된 내생균의 동정과 식물생장 촉진 관련 활성의 평가

Endophytes are microorganisms that live in the internal tissues of plants without harming the host plants. In this symbiotic relationship, the host plants provide nutrients and shelter to the endophytes, in turn, endophytes can promote the growth of host plants and act as a biological control agents against plant pathogens. Plant-microbe interactions like this are noted for natural methods for sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation. However, in spite of the infinite potential, there are only a few reports on the endophytes present in ginseng. In this study, we isolated and identified the endophytes from Panax ginseng seeds and evaluated the biological activities (IAA production ability, nitrogen fixation ability, phosphate solubilization capacity, siderophore production ability, and antifungal activities) of the endophyte isolates. Eight different endophytes were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Most of the endophytes have antibiotic and plant growth promoting (PGP) activities. Particularly, PgSEB5-37E have the highest antibiotic activity, both PgSEB5-37B and PgSEB5-37H have high PGP traits such as an abilities to produce IAA, solubilize phosphate and fix nitrogen. These results indicated that the endophytes from P. ginseng seeds may have applicable value to many industries. In order to use the isolated endophytes, quantitative analysis and field tests are needed to be performed.

The Potential and Utilization of Unused Energy Sources for Large-Scale Horticulture Facility Applications under Korean Climatic Conditions

As the use of fossil fuel has increased, not only in construction, but also in agriculture due to the drastic industrial development in recent times, the problems of heating costs and global warming are getting worse. Therefore, introduction of more reliable and environmentally-friendly alternative energy sources has become urgent and the same trend is found in large-scale horticulture facilities. In this study, among many alternative energy sources, we investigated the reserves and the potential of various different unused energy sources which have infinite potential, but are nowadays wasted due to limitations in their utilization. In addition, we utilized available unused energy as a heat source for a heat pump in a large-scale horticulture facility and analyzed its feasibility through EnergyPlus simulation modeling. Accordingly, the discharge flow rate from the Fan Coil Unit (FCU) in the horticulture facility, the discharge air temperature, and the return temperature were analyzed. The performance and heat consumption of each heat source were compared with those of conventional boilers. The result showed that the power load of the heat pump was decreased and thus the heat efficiency was increased as the temperature of the heat source was increased. Among the analyzed heat sources, power plant waste heat which had the highest heat source temperature consumed the least electric energy and showed the highest efficiency.

Effect of size distribution on the optical properties of quantum wire systems

In this paper, we have studied optical properties of an inhomogeneous quantum wire system. In this regard, we have calculated the absorption coefficients and refractive index changes using density matrix method. We have investigated the effect of size variation on these optical properties. The wires are considered to be triangle with infinite potential at the boundaries. We have described the size nonuniformity distribution by a Gaussian function. It is shown that the optical properties of the quantum wires depend strongly on the wire size distribution described by the parameters a0 and D (the average side length and standard deviation of quantum wire, respectively). It is deduced that the effect of size distribution on the optical properties of triangle quantum wire is noticeable.

¿Qué pasaría si a los niños y niñas se les dejara aprender?

In this article we work starting from the ethnographic evidence about the propensity to learn that children of four and five years of age have, who attend two marginal urban schools in the cities of La Serena and Coquimbo, Chile. We establish some criteria to support the existence of a tendency to learn. The observation has been focused specifically on informal interactions and not intentional pedagogical action of professional educators, because we are interested in revealing how they learn among them organizing emerging learning processes. The findings suggest that children cannot help to learn and that they do it very well, without in almost all cases even aiming intentionally to learn. Also they use perfectly rigorous and demanding experimentation, logical reasoning and contrasting, as any scientist in his task, far surpassing any formal learning promoted in kindergarten. From these findings we believe that the crisis affecting school can be overcome if we consider the infinite potential of the propensity to learn, since self-organizing flows following simple patterns yet at the same time complex.

Nonlinear Schrödinger equation containing the time-derivative of the probability density: A numerical study

A nonlinear Schrödinger equation that contains the time-derivative of the probability density is investigated, which is motivated by the attempt to include the recoil effect of radiation. This equation has the same stationary solutions as its linear counterpart, and these solutions are the eigen-states of the corresponding linear Hamiltonian. The equation leads to the usual continuity equation and thus maintains the normalization of the wave function. For the non-stationary solutions, numerical calculations are carried out for the one-dimensional infinite square-well potential (1D ISWP) and for several time-dependent potentials that tend to the former as time increases. Results show that for various initial states, the wave function always evolves into some eigen-state of the corresponding linear Hamiltonian of the 1D ISWP. For a small time-dependent perturbation potential, solutions present the process similar to the spontaneous transition between stationary states. For a periodical potential with an appropriate frequency, solutions present the process similar to the stimulated transition. This nonlinear Schrödinger equation thus presents the state evolution similar to the wave-function reduction.

Computable Diagonalizations and Turing’s Cardinality Paradox

A. N. Turing’s 1936 concept of computability, computing machines, and computable binary digital sequences, is subject to Turing’s Cardinality Paradox. The paradox conjoins two opposed but comparably powerful lines of argument, supporting the propositions that the cardinality of dedicated Turing machines outputting all and only the computable binary digital sequences can only be denumerable, and yet must also be nondenumerable. Turing’s objections to a similar kind of diagonalization are answered, and the implications of the paradox for the concept of a Turing machine, computability, computable sequences, and Turing’s effort to prove the unsolvability of the Entscheidungsproblem, are explained in light of the paradox. A solution to Turing’s Cardinality Paradox is proposed, positing a higher geometrical dimensionality of machine symbol-editing information processing and storage media than is available to canonical Turing machine tapes. The suggestion is to add volume to Turing’s discrete two-dimensional machine tape squares, considering them instead as similarly ideally connected massive three-dimensional machine information cells. Three-dimensional computing machine symbol-editing information processing cells, as opposed to Turing’s two-dimensional machine tape squares, can take advantage of a denumerably infinite potential for parallel digital sequence computing, by which to accommodate denumerably infinitely many computable diagonalizations. A three-dimensional model of machine information storage and processing cells is recommended on independent grounds as better representing the biological realities of digital information processing isomorphisms in the three-dimensional neural networks of living computers.

High-Performance Multilevel-Storage Cu-Doped SiO<sub>x</sub>-Based Nonvolatile Resistance Memory Using Ion Bombardment Technique

Multi-level-cell (MLC) operation of Cu-doped SiOx-based (SiOx:Cu-based) resistance random access memory (ReRAM) has been reported for the first time. For this study, we employed a novel ion bombardment-induced (IB-induced) SiOx:Cu switching layer (SL). Using modulation of SET-current compliance, we completed 2-bit-per-cell memory application. The MLC resistance switching process is described in detail. Owing to controllability of Cu source from advanced IB technique, the IB-induced SiOx:Cu SL shows good cell-to-cell uniformity of MLC resistance switching parameters, including operation voltages and resistance states. Additionally, the IB-induced TaN/SiOx:Cu/TaN ReRAM exhibits infinite potential for MLC operation, such as over 3 times differentiation space among memory states, robust resistance retention, and promising operation endurance properties. During frequent MLC resistance switching, moreover, the IB-induced SiOx:Cu-based device also has excellent single-cell uniformity of memory states due to IB-induced thin Cu filament.

The New Language of the Digital Film

:The language of the digital film entails an intermediation process between new technological capacities that provide the infinite potential to control cinematic manifestations, and new expressive intentions on the part of the digital filmmaker to produce an invented realism that suggests an auratic power. The unique aesthetics of the digital film reflect this power, expressing the ways digital filmmakers envision or shape invented worlds rather than striving to reproduce an actual and physical world. The characters in digital action films reveal this new determination in ways that have been equated with avatars in the video game context. The journey of the digital heroic action-body through spectacles of physical endurance evidences his manipulation from a position of control and mastery aimed mainly at heightening the impact of the action and functions on an expressive rather than a realist level.

Collective behavior of penetrable self-propelled rods in two dimensions

Collective behavior of self-propelled particles is observed on a microscale for swimmers such as sperm and bacteria as well as for protein filaments in motility assays. The properties of such systems depend both on their dimensionality and the interactions between their particles. We introduce a model for self-propelled rods in two dimensions that interact via a separation-shifted Lennard-Jones potential. Due to the finite potential barrier, the rods are able to cross. This model allows us to efficiently simulate systems of self-propelled rods that effectively move in two dimensions but can occasionally escape to the third dimension in order to pass each other. Our quasi-two-dimensional self-propelled particles describe a class of active systems that encompasses microswimmers close to a wall and filaments propelled on a substrate. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we first determine the isotropic-nematic transition for passive rods. Using Brownian dynamics simulations, we characterize cluster formation of self-propelled rods as a function of propulsion strength, noise, and energy barrier. Contrary to rods with an infinite potential barrier, an increase of the propulsion strength does not only favor alignment but also effectively decreases the potential barrier that prevents crossing of rods. We thus find a clustering window with a maximum cluster size at medium propulsion strengths.

Supersymmetric partners of the harmonic oscillator with an infinite potential barrier

Supersymmetry transformations of first- and second-order are used to generate Hamiltonians with known spectra departing from the harmonic oscillator with an infinite potential barrier. Also studied is the way in which the eigenfunctions of the initial Hamiltonian are transformed. The first- and certain second-order supersymmetric partners of the initial Hamiltonian possess third-order differential ladder operators. Since systems with this kind of operators are linked with the Painlevé IV equation, several solutions of this nonlinear second-order differential equation will be simply found.

Kerr-like phantom wormhole

In this work we study a Kerr-like wormhole with an scalar field with opposite sign as source (Phantom). It has three parameters: mass, angular momentum and scalar field charge. This space-time has a naked ring singularity, otherwise it is regular everywhere. The main feature of this wormhole is that the mouth of the throat lies on a sphere of the same radius as the ring singularity and apparently does not allow any observer to reach the singularity, it behaves like an anti-horizon. After analyzing the geodesics of the wormhole we find that an observer can go through the wormhole without troubles, but the equator presents an infinite potential barrier which does not allow any geodesic from reaching the throat. From an analysis of the Riemann tensor we obtain that the tidal forces are small and could allow the wormhole to be traversable, from the north pole, for an observer like a human being.