A new phosphor CsDyP2O7 has been prepared using a high temperature flux method and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Its structure can be characterized as a three-dimensional anionic framework of [DyP2O7]∞ that is constructed by PO4 tetrahedra and DyO6 octahedra, which delimited an 1D infinite channel running along the c-axis. Compound CsDyP2O7 was characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis absorption spectrum and Photoluminescence (PL) analyses. The excitation spectrum covers a wide range from 310 to 410nm, which suggests that the CsDyP2O7 phosphor can be effectively excited by a near-UV light source. The emission of CsDyP2O7 (348nm excitation) was observed at 484nm (blue) and 574nm (yellow) due to the 4F9/2→6H15/2 transitions and 4F9/2→6H13/2 transitions, respectively. The CIE chromaticity color coordinates (x=0.2882, y=0.3105) were found to be in the white light region. We may expect that self-activated phosphor CsDyP2O7 is a new candidate for pure white-light applications.