Inferior Members Research Articles

Classic Darier’s Disease in Family Presentation: 2 Case Reports

The Darier disease is a rare genodermatosis, of dominate autosome heritage with variable penetration. That’s why, cold present cases of variable phenotypes, also in patients with high degree of kinship. It was related two cases of Darier disease in a family (mother and daughter) with different phenotypic patterns. Case 1: female, 17 years old, student, relate the hyperkeratotic papules appearance of brownish color initially in anterior trunk that evolute to neck and abdomen there is 5 years. Without lesions on face or scalp. Case 2: 48 years old, female, farmer, until the 19 years with appearance of brownish papules and plaques, hyperkeratotic initially in face that with the years pass evolute to scalp, dorsum and inferior members. The phenotype of the disease could variate on generations and also inside of one same generation. In those cases, is perceptible the phenotype variety: in case 1, there is more commitment of trunk and neck, without commitment facial, scalp and member; the case 2 (mother) presents high commitment facial, scalp and inferior members.

Persistent Hypokalemia: Case Report and Literature Review

"Introduction. Hypokalemia is a common clinical disorder. The most common causes of hypokalemia are decreased intake, intracellular shift and increased loss of potassium. In clinical practice, most frequently patients present with hypokalemia due to increased loss of potassium, especially renal loss. Case presentation. A 62-year-old woman, known with hypothyroidism under treatment with Euthyrox, diagnosed with COVID-19 four months before, presented for nausea and vomiting, headache, generalised muscular hypotony and palpitations, with the onset three weeks before. On physical examination, the blood pressure was 140/90 mmHg, regular pulse frequency of 96/min, the patient had pale skin and mucosa and abolition of osteotendinous reflexes at the inferior members. The laboratory tests revealed severe hypokalemia and moderate normocytic normochromic anemia, mixed alkalosis. The patient had no history of treatment with diuretics or penicilines, or any other condition that could have explained the severe hypokalemia. The patient was admitted in the Internal Medicine Clinic and treatment with high doses of intravenous potassium chloride, potassium - sparing diuretic (Spironolactone) and supplements of potassium and magnesium was initiated, with partial correction of the serum potasssium level. The patient was extensively investigated, to establish the etiology of kypokalemia. Finally, the only identified cause was a nephropathy with losses of potassium. Conclusions. Hypokalemia can be determined by multiple factors, such as digestive or renal losses, during a long term hospitalization. Proper treatment of substitution may lead to normal values of serum potassium and a better life quality."

Comparison of four different training programs in body composition and strength in women over 55 years

There is no doubt of the benefits brought by the practice of physical exercises in the promotion of health, but the use of combined capacities in a same session is still contradictory. The aim of the present study was to verify the influence of a 10- week program of concurrent training on body composition and strength in adult women comparing it to programs of strength and aerobic activities. Thirty women were selected with minimum age of 55 years, randomized in four groups: group A1 (aerobic activity following by strength training), group F1 (strength training followed by aerobic activity), group A (aerobic training), group F (strength training). The body fat showed differences among the groups, the group F was significantly lower than A and A1; when strength was analyzed the results demonstrated differences in the lumbar area in the group A1 and in the strength of inferior members in A, A1 and F from pre- to post-test. Based on the data, we conclude that excepting of body composition, there is no variance in the analyzed variables in this group of women according to the type of training performed.

Esteem, Social Norms and Status Inequality

When we appraise others as talented or virtuous, we esteem them: we register admiration of their traits and virtues. It is generally believed that, unless they involve a violation of respect, distributions of esteem are not a concern from the point of view of justice. In this paper, I want to dispute this commonly-held view. I will argue that attributions of esteem can become problematic when a particular trait becomes such a uniquely relevant source of social esteem in a community that its absence becomes a reason to regard others as less than full members of the community. For instance, in contemporary capitalist societies those perceived as lacking certain socially valued traits and unable or unwilling to make certain kinds of contribution to the community, such as those who are unemployed or have committed criminal offences, are widely disesteemed and also regarded as inferior qua members of the community by others. From the fact that they fail to possess particular qualities a broader negative judgment of their ability to contribute to the community is inferred. Moreover, their failure to gain esteem in these pervasive domains eclipses their possession of other esteem-worthy traits as well as other positive contributions they might have made to society. This perception of inferiority renders it impossible for them to live on equal terms with other citizens. I argue that as egalitarians we should oppose these distributions of esteem.

Thematic Analysis of Oromo Proverbs Said About Women

The purpose of this study is to look at the representation of women in the Oromo proverbs and to evaluate the awareness of the society about the effects of these proverbs on women. To achieve this goal, an attempt was made to collect proverbs that refer to women. The data was collected from pre documented books because of the inconvenience of data collection in the field due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The collected data was translated from the original language ‘Afaan Oromoo` to the target language `English` and finally analyzed and interpreted qualitatively. From the result, women are portrayed both positively and negatively in Oromo proverbs, and the image of a mother and wives are positive. They are represented as excellent house makers and obedient servants of their family. This study, also found out that women are perceived negatively and disrespected in Oromo proverbs. Male dominance and the inferior position and the low status of women are clearly observed. In these proverbs, women are perceived as ignorant, dependent, weak, irresponsible, unpredictable, and as inferior members of their community. In general, the actual characteristics of women are considered as nothing and ideal behaviors are disseminated in proverbs and in cultural trends. The transmission of these proverbs has a contribution to the perpetuation of the negative images of women and this causes women’s negative self-image and their low participation in different social affairs in their community. Therefore, educating women, giving awareness creation training about women’s equality to the society, increasing women’s participation, and discouraging the use of the proverbs that socialize the inferior status of women may be a solution to create a better positive image of women in the society.

Racing with superior and inferior team-members: an experimental test of effort changes in a cycling team sprint

ABSTRACT The study purpose was to investigate the effect of ability on effort within a sport-specific conjunctive task. The hypothesis was that, compared to working alone, inferior team members would increase their effort when performing a conjunctive sport task in a three-person team, whereas superior team members would decrease their effort. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions (inferior member, control member or superior member) during a 1-min maximal team time trial on a stationary bike. One hundred five relatively well-trained undergraduate sports students (male = 64, female = 41) performed 1-min maximum ergometer cycling tests individually and in random three-person teams. After completing the individual test, participants were told that the next trial would be performed in teams with a conjunctive task structure and were randomly assigned to receive manipulated feedback (that they were either the inferior member or the superior member). Control members received no feedback. Participants in the inferior member condition showed a statistically significant performance gain (i.e., effort gains) when performing the test with stronger partners. Participants in the control and superior member conditions showed neither performance gains nor performance losses (i.e., no effort losses) when completing the test within teams. Receiving feedback about being the inferior member of a sports team may lead to increased effort and, thus, improved performance (i.e., the Köhler effect), whereas no evidence of a free-rider effect was identified in the superior members.

INHERENT WISDOMS AND THE ROLES OF SACRED SPACES IN SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF VERNACULAR HOUSES

Abstract. After nearly twenty years of studying vernacular houses in the field, the rapid loss of beliefs in sacred household spaces that used to influence people’s roles in spatial organization has been found. This article thus presents the various roles of inherent wisdoms in the house by revealing the ancestors’ living wisdoms transferred through the use of sacred space as the tool for the control over the order of household members. The research was performed by means of the qualitative method and comparison of information collected from the field surveys of the vernacular household patterns of the Tai-speaking ethnic groups living in Southeast Asia from 2000 until the present. The results reveal the relationships between the sacred space and spatial organization in the house. The household area in the front has a higher intersectional sacred power than the back part. The former is associated with the family head and males, while the latter is associated with socially inferior members such as daughters, sons-in-law, daughters-in-law. In addition, it can be said that the sacred places are used as a stratagem for transferring lifestyle wisdoms and household patterns until a group’s identities are formed. This study indicates the importance and urgency to conserve intangible cultural heritages that are fading with urbanization. Otherwise, a risky situation towards incapacities to retrieve valuable roots of thoughts could happen in the near future if there is no tool to conserve the intangible cultural wisdom heritages such as the household sacred spaces.

Hidrogeoquímica como ferramenta para o reconhecimento de aquíferos em lacunas de perfis litológicos de poços tubulares

A área estudada, situada 30 km a norte de Belo Horizonte, engloba toda Área de Proteção Ambiental Carste de Lagoa Santa e arredores, perfazendo 505 km². Os aquíferos cárstico-fissurais, desenvolvidos nas rochas carbonáticas dos membros inferior (impuro) e superior (puro) da Formação Sete Lagoas - Pedro Leopoldo e Lagoa Santa, respectivamente, são mais explorados, seguidos dos fissurais em metapelitos da Formação Serra de Santa Helena, granitos do embasamento do Complexo Belo Horizonte, e granulares de cobertura. Apesar do grande número de poços tubulares operantes, ocorre grande precariedade de descrição litológica nos perfis desses poços, comprometendo sua utilização. Visando ladear esse problema, segundo resultados hidroquímicos obtidos e dados litológicos disponíveis, classificou-se, por unidades aquíferas, 21 amostras de água sub-superficial, e 85 de circulação profunda. A divisão foi avaliada por diagramas de Piper e Stiff e tratamento estatístico dos dados, incluindo Boxplots e análise de Cluster. A classificação mostrou-se eficaz, especialmente na separação das unidades silicáticas e carbonáticas. A distinção entre as duas unidades carbonáticas pode ser ampliada com análises complementares.

Bio-Banding in Judo: The Mediation Role of Anthropometric Variables on the Maturation Effect.

Young judo athletes are bio-banding based on age and body mass and compete in weight classes. The purposes of this study were to investigate the influences of maturation on physical performance in young judokas through controlling the chronological age and body mass, and to examine the mediating role of anthropometric variables. Sixty-seven judokas, aged 11.0–14.7, were measured for 11 anthropometric and seven physical performance variables. Pearson partial correlations were conducted to verify the relationship between the maturational indicator and the dependent variables. Mediation analyses were performed to identify the extent to which anthropometric variables mediate the relationship. The maturation effect remained on the aerobic capacity and handgrip strength (p < 0.05). Fat mass (b = 80.335, 95%CI 11.580–204.270) and fat-free mass (b = 108.256, 95%CI 39.508–207.606) totally mediated the effect on aerobic capacity. Fat mass (b = 0.023, 95%CI 0.004–0.057), fat-free mass (b = 0.029, 95%CI 0.011–0.058), stature (b = 0.031, 95%CI 0.008–0.061), arm span (b = 0.021, 95%CI 0.003–0.044), and inferior members length (b = 0.022, 95%CI 0.005–0.049) totally mediated the effect on handgrip strength. The effect of biological maturation is noticeable even after age and body mass control, being mediated by anthropometric variables related to body composition and size.

The curse of a size: socio-cultural conception of dwarfism and effects on political participation in south-western Nigeria

The notion of dwarfs as inferior members of the society is a long-held belief amongst the Yoruba ethnic group of south-western Nigeria. By virtue of their size, dwarfs are objects of amusements and ridicule and denied political and leadership opportunities. They cannot become kings, hold chieftaincy titles; serve as heads of family, village heads or occupy leadership positions. In spite of persistence of this discrimination, there is a dearth of research on dwarfs’ socio-political life. And this raises some pertinent questions: what is the socio-historical conception of dwarfism among the Yoruba people? What are the socio-cultural barriers placed on the dwarfs? What are the effects of these on dwarfs’ psycho-political participation as members of the society? And, how do they express their socio-psychological and political affinities, affiliations, preferences, and feelings? Using participant observation, in depth interviews with key informants and archival search, this study seeks to interrogate these problematic.

The Letter to the Colossians by Scot McKnight

Reviewed by: The Letter to the Colossians by Scot McKnight Nijay K. Gupta scot mcknight, The Letter to the Colossians (NICNT; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2018). Pp. lx + 442. $55. This new commentary by Scot McKnight is written for pastors. The NICNT series as a whole expressly aims to explain and interpret NT books in the service of the church, and McK. has a long history of writing theological books related to Christian leadership, ecclesiology, and mission. This is important to know, because this Colossians commentary, while engaging with myriad academic works, always keeps this audience and purpose in mind. Indeed, this is the most theologically oriented Colossians commentary I have ever read. In terms of what Colossians is all about, M. argues that Paul offers "a comprehensive vision of life under King Jesus" (p. 2). In the introduction, M. treats all the expected prolegomena, but I will briefly mention his views on authorship and the letter's opponents. On the first matter, McK. contests the notion that we can begin with a "pure" Paul in the undisputed letters against which to compare Colossians. Given Paul's regular practice of coauthoring and his use of professional secretaries—and that these "other voices" change sometimes from one situation to the next—claims to pseudonymity/allonymity become extremely complex. Ultimately, McK. believes that there is no reason to suspect that Paul was not "behind" the letter; that is, there is nothing particularly un-Pauline theologically, especially when we take into account the natural development of his thinking over time. I also tentatively argue in favor of authenticity in my own Colossians commentary (Nijay K. Gupta, Colossians [Smyth & Helwys Bible Commentary; Macon, GA: Smyth & Helwys, 2013]), but I wonder what McK. would say about 2 Peter, since neither Petrine letter mentions cowriters. Was this unique to Paul? What role did cowriters actually play in construction and composition (and how do we know)? And what about the exact roles of secretaries? McK. tentatively argues in favor of a date of 55–57 c.e. with Paul in an Ephesian imprisonment. On the matter of local opponents and false teaching, McK. refers to these as "Halakic Mystics" or "Torah-shaped transcendentalists" (p. 32). He explains that we can glean from Colossians information that points to a teaching that comes out of a form of Judaism that was dualistic (probably from some Hellenistic influence), mystical and cosmological, and ascetic. In some way this teaching undermined Paul's christology. Space permits attention to only two key texts in the commentary proper. Regarding the so-called Colossian hymn (1:15-20), McK. sees no clear evidence that it was pre-Pauline or that it ought to be considered formally a "hymn." He reads it especially in light of Jewish traditions. Paul's focus here is on Christ's supremacy in creation (vv. 15-17) and redemption (vv. 18-20). McK. notes that this passage would have been rather shocking to its readers, as Paul argues that the created order finds ultimate peace in "the ignominy of a bloody act of execution at the hands of violent Romans, an act God unzipped and reconfigured by raising his Son from among the dead" (p. 167). Another controversial Colossian text is the so-called household code (3:18–4:1), to which McK. gives ample attention. He sees this as an expansion or illustration of what it means to do all things in the name of the Lord (3:17; see p. 335). Scholars have long wondered how Paul's code relates to ancient conversations about household order. McK. finds Paul's discussion related in structure but unprecedented in its expression and ideology. This passage is not accommodationist. It is not about fitting into Roman society but about how [End Page 549] to "live out the gospel in the world" (p. 340). The burden is not on inferior members of a social pairing submitting (as with traditional Greco-Roman codes) but on all believers, in all situations, orienting themselves toward the Lordship of Christ (and not Caesar or anyone else) (p. 344). McK. clearly expresses that Paul did not overtly challenge the patriarchy of his time, but the message of his household...

Impact of Myocardial Revascularization on the Range of Joint Motion of the Superior and Inferior Members

Introduction: The surgical procedure for myocardial revascularization (MRI) may compromise chest stability, compliance and range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint due to sternotomy and knee joint due to saphenectomy. Objective: To evaluate the impact of myocardial revascularization surgery on upper and lower limb ROM Methodology: This is a prospective cohort study, performed with a group of patients submitted to cardiac surgery. In the preoperative period the ROM was evaluated through a goniometer, for flexion, horizontal abduction and vertical abduction of the right and left shoulder, as well as evaluation of the flexo-extension movement of the right knee. On the day of discharge from the Intensive Care Unit, the patients were reassessed. Results:Twenty patients were evaluated during the time of the study. The majority were men 14 (70%), with a mean age of 60 ± 10 years. Regarding ROM, it was verified that all the movements presented a significant reduction in the postoperative period. The right shoulder flexion (75 ± 11ºvs66 ± 8º, p = 0, p &lt;0.01), right shoulder abduction (155 ± 17º vs127 ± 22º, p &lt; (P = 0.02), right vertical abduction (142 ± 24º vs117 ± 22º, p &lt;0.01), left vertical abduction (142 ± 24º vs121 ± 22º, p = 0), left horizontal abduction (79 ± 9º vs70 ± 5º, p=0,02), Knee flexion (100 ± 14º vs75 ± 19º, p &lt;0.01) and knee extension (94 ± 13º vs79 ± 15º, p &lt;0.01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the surgery promote reduction of the range of joint motion in this sample of patients submitted to myocardial revascularization.

Etude Archeothanatologique De La Sepulture Protohistorique Du Monument Funeraire Mbii (Boulmane, Moyen Atlas, Maroc)

The Moudmane Boulama site is a funeral structure located at 10 km South West of the city of Boulmane (Middle Atlas). It is a necropolis made of approximately twenty tumuli implanted on a hill. The MBII funeral monument is a tumulus built on the top of this hill, which culminates at 1970 m. It is an oval formation made of stack of stones and blocks. The funeral space is delimited in its West part by a low wall made of a sharpened stone alignment. The digs undertaken in June 2013 brought to light the burial place of a H3 adult and some remains of another adult as well as an immature subject. The skeleton of the most complete H3 individual is a male adult, buried in a lying dorsal position, oriented towards East West, head towards West and feet East. He is in a hyper contracted position and lays on an oval plane pit with a diameter of less than a meter. The calvarium and the mandible were subjected to a rotation and lay on the right side. The superior members are folded on themselves and laid on the thorax. The inferior members are also flexed. The skeleton is characterised by the maintaining of the connection of a number of labile elements which allows the characterisation of the burial place as being primarily in clogged space. This funeral monument has probably been used at first for the reception of the two individuals (H1 and H2) and then for the burial of the H3 individual in a sepulchral pit. The reuse of the monument could be explained by the three individuals belonging to the same family and that the last buried subject H3 has a more important familial and possibly social role. This tumulus has also released funeral furniture made of a few bones of domestic fauna. They were the object of a radiometric dating, which allowed the attribution of 2290 ± 35 years old to this tumulus14C B.P (GifA15085/ Sac A 41509).

Neurovascular complication of Hematologic Disorders: Case of Deficits in S and C Proteins about an Observation in Abidjan Ivory Coast

The frequency of cerebral infarcts associated to a hematologic infection remains difficult to be known and imprecise. The deficit of S and C protein is rarely responsible for cerebral infarcts. We thus bring a young Ivorian patient hospitalized in our neurologic service. She consulted for a left hemi corporal motor deficit of a brutal installation without a particular context. The clinical examinations found a left proportional hemiparesis at 2/5 in superior and inferior members according to the Medical Research Council scale (MRC) and a left painful hemi hypoesthesia. The rest of the examination was without particular. The Neurovascular imagery has objective various cerebral infarcts. Cardiovascular etiologies and hematologic checkups were strictly normal apart from the reduction of the prothrombin percentage (TP=32%). The C protein had reduced (C protein=47% NV>70) and the S protein had equally reduced (S protein=27% NVEƒ60). Other factors of dependent Vitamin K coagulation, (factors II VII IX and X) was also reduce. In front of these results and the absence of other causes which can explain its pathology, the diagnoses of multiple cerebral infarcts due to a deficit in S and C protein had be retained. The patient benefitted a treatment of acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg/day and of vitamin K oral route; a symptomatic treatment and a physical reeducation. The evolution was marked six weeks after by a takeover of walk. A motor recuperation at the level of the left side of the body from 2/5-4/5 and a disappearance of a sensitive disorder of the same side. The rarity of deficits in S and C proteins is difficult to put in evidence their implication in the up come of a cerebral infarcts which can cause or lead to an interest to think in front of all vascular event of a young subject

Self-mobility System Design for Paraplegic Patients

ABSTRACTTumors of the distal and proximal femur are treated by total femur resection. A hip disarticulation sometimes is a result of massive trauma with crush injuries to the lower extremity. This article discusses a system designed for patient rehabilitation with bilateral hip disarticulations. The prosthetics designed allowed a patient to attain natural gait suspended between parallel articulate crutches with the body weight supported between the crutches. The design is patent pending and it could be used in people with a simple ankle sprain, people with partial immobilizations in inferior members, or people with bilateral hip disarticulation. The final design system allows patients with bilateral hip replacement or partial immobilizations to attain mobility in a natural way.

God’s Little Daughters: Catholic Women in Nineteenth-Century Manchuria by Ji Li

Reviewed by: God’s Little Daughters: Catholic Women in Nineteenth-Century Manchuria by Ji Li Hongyan Xiang (bio) Ji Li. God’s Little Daughters: Catholic Women in Nineteenth-Century Manchuria. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2015. xii, 218 pp. Hardcover $50.00, isbn 978-0-2959-9472-7. In this meticulously researched book, Ji Li analyzes a collection of Chinese letters written by several Catholic women from the Du family in Manchuria to a French priest in 1871. Li argues that these writings demonstrate “how religious education produced a new female literary for Chinese women to articulate an awareness of self ” (p. 9). Based on French and Chinese sources, the author shows the Paris Foreign Missions Society’s (Société des Missions étrangères de Paris, MEP) efforts to promote orthodox Catholic practices in Manchuria from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century by emphasizing the education of Catholic children. These Catholic schools provided an opportunity for Catholic women to attend school and learn to articulate their thoughts. Li states that this new female literacy differed from traditional elitist female literacy, making this study a welcome addition to the study of Christianity in China. It also contributes to the study of women and gender in modern Chinese history. The book is composed of six chapters. Chapter 1 introduces a brief history of Christianity in Manchuria and the role literacy played in the history of conversion. Chapter 2 studies the Du letters from linguistic, rhetorical, and religious perspectives. Chapter 3 examines the catechism and regulations in the Manchuria Mission, demonstrating the increasing uniformity and the strengthening of hierarchy within the local mission, a process that necessitated the implementation of Christian knowledge for Chinese converts. Chapter 4 looks at the MEP missionaries’ efforts to instill orthodox Catholic knowledge and behavior among the local Catholics. By evaluating data on sacraments, communion, and confessions, the author points out that there was an increase in religiosity from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century. Chapter 5 reveals the shifting evangelical strategy in the nineteenth century, specifically showing that institutionalization and indigenization helped the local Catholic communities survive political turmoil. The [End Page 179] last chapter inspects the impact of Catholic education on rural Catholic women, arguing that these educated women formed a new female literacy, which differed from the elite women’s literacy in both the subject of learning and the values conveyed in their studies. The major contribution of this study is demonstrating how Catholicism became a tool for rural Chinese women to empower themselves, and break away from the social restrictions imposed by traditional Chinese society. By joining Catholicism, these women began to live and be judged by different standards and rules, thus setting them apart from their families and the rest of Chinese society. This gave them the opportunity to learn reading and writing, a privilege historically only available to elite women. Although these women were initially only able to read and write a limited number of Chinese characters, most of which related to Christian concepts and expressions that made their writings rather awkward to read, as demonstrated by the Du letters, these rural Catholic women were gradually able to write more fluently and express themselves more forcefully (p. 129). The capacity to articulate oneself made these rural Catholic women individuals with independent minds rather than submissive inferior members of their families and society. This puts the author into direct dialogue with two groups of scholars: those who study the boundaries between the public and private spheres in traditional Chinese society and those who investigate the relation between Christianity and Chinese society. To the first group, Li reasserts the view that one should not simply apply the Western notion of public and private spaces to a Chinese context, as the former was more political and the latter was more social and cultural. Li’s findings show that rural Catholic women were able to free themselves from the “inner quarters” and earn a space for themselves physically and spiritually (p. 137). To the second group of scholars, Li aligns herself with Henrietta Harrison, arguing that from the nineteenth to the early twentieth century, the Catholic Church in China grew increasingly apart...

Evaluation of the posture and muscular strength of the trunk and inferior members of patients with chronic lumbar pain

Objective We examine the postural profile and muscular forces of the trunk and inferior members of patients with chronic low back pain. Methods In this study, we include 60 subjects forming two groups: a first group (G1) of 30 patients with chronic low back pain and a second group (G2) of 30 healthy subjects. Every subject profited from an isokinetic evaluation of the muscular forces of the trunk (at 60 and 90°.s −1) and knees (at 60 and 120°.s −1) and of a postural evaluation. The isokinetic evaluation was carried out using Cybex ® Norm II dynamometer with its Trunk Extension/Flexion (TEF) module set in concentric mode. The parameter under study was the torque peak. The postural evaluation was accomplished using the platform SATEL for the balance analysis associated with four conditions: static on stable plan open eyes (OE) then closed eyes (CE) and static on unstable plan OE then CE. The parameters under study were the averages of the total lengths, total surfaces, and the X and Y means. Results The averages of the torque peaks of the trunk flexor and extensor muscles at the speeds of 60 and 90°.s −1 were inferior in group G1 as compared to G2. The differences were statistically insignificant only for the extensor muscles ( p < 0.005). The averages of the torque peaks of the knee flexors and extensors at 60 and 120°.s −1 were the lowest in group G1. The differences were significant ( p < 0.05). The averages of postural parameters were more important in group G1, indicating a postural deficit in this group. Conclusion We showed deficits of the posture and muscles of the trunk and knees of patients with chronic lumbar pain. The muscular deficit of the trunk predominates on extensors.

Spontaneous elimination of superficial vein calcified

AbstractThe calcification of superficial veins of inferior members has rarely been published in the literature. The case shows calcifications of superficial varicose veins with the elimination of fragments.

Shopping for answers from Marx and Spencer

Shopping for answers from Marx and Spencer

Circunferencias para valorar cambios en la masa corporal y cantidad de grasa total en gestantes del segundo y tercer trimestre

To evaluate the maternal nutritional state through simple anthropometric indicators as middle-arm circumference (MAC), half thigh (HTC) and calf (CC), to value changes in the body mass and quantity of total fat, in women on second and third pregnancy trimester. A sample of 76 pregnant aged between 18 and 40 years, from suburban communities of the municipalities Baruta and The Hatillo, Venezuela were evaluated. Weigh, height, MAC, HTC and CC, besides triceps, biceps, subscapular, half thigh and calf skinfolds were measured that allowed the construction of indicators of mass and quantity of total body fat. The HTC and CC showed differences (p < 0.05) between second and third pregnancy trimester. Average values of MAC presented no statistical significance among the evaluated trimesters, neither the arm fat area, but the thigh fat area and calf what could explain the differences observed in the circumferences of these members among the evaluated trimesters. Circumferences of inferior members (half thigh and calf), probably be the variables that can be used for evaluate the anthropometric nutritional maternal status, allow to predict the possible changes in the fat component, and therefore in the body composition of pregnant.