Inferior Gluteal Folds Research Articles

Prevalence of low back pain in handcrafters

Background: Low back pain is a musculoskeletal disorder caused by incorrect ergonomic conditions at work. It is located at the inferior gluteal fold and the coastal border and lasts more than 24 hours. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of low back pain complaints in handcrafters. Methods: This research used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria for this study were handcrafters of serati banten aged 45-55. In contrast, the exclusion criteria were injuries in the lower back region. The total number of respondents who participated in this study was 50 people. The research location was in Gianyar, Bali. Data was collected from January to October 2023. Data were collected by measuring VAS and REBA. VAS measured the severity and relief of pain, while the REBA questionnaire analyzed work posture. Results: The results of research regarding the prevalence of low back pain in handcrafters of serati banten in Gianyar Regency based on internal factors showed the majority experienced low back pain of mild intensity (60%), and external factors showed that the majority of pain incidents occurred in respondents with a working period of >5 years (52%), working in a sitting position (56%) with moderate risk working postures (64%). Conclusion: The frequency of low back pain occurrences due to external factors was dominated by respondents with less than five years of working experience who worked in a sitting position with a medium-risk work posture.

Description of JA Medical Skincare Medan Beautician’s Low Back Pain Based on Duration of Work

Introduction: Low Back Pain (LBP) is defined as pain and discomfort located below the costal margin to the inferior gluteal fold, with or without pain in the legs. LBP is a common condition that can occur in all age groups with acute or chronic episodes. Beauticians are more susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders. This line of work tends to involve limited positions, repetitive movements, standing for more than 8 hours or sitting in a bent position during activities. This study aims to determine the characteristics of low back pain based on work duration among beauticians of the JA Medical Skincare beauty clinic Medan. Method: The method used in this research was descriptive quantitative with a total sampling technique. The research population was 60 beauticians from the JA Medical Skincare Beauty Clinic Medan. The data were collected by having the respondents fill out a questionnaire. Results: The research results revealed that beauticians at the JA Medical Skincare beauty clinic who were at risk of experiencing low back pain were individuals aged under 30 years (51.8%), those with BMI > 27 or categorized as obese (60%), and those with a working duration of more than 8 hours (49,1%). These groups exhibited higher percentages of complaints related to low back pain. In general, almost all ages have the potential to experience low back pain. Beauticians who work long hours and do not pay attention to ergonomic factors would have caused continuous static loads on their back and are at risk of experiencing complaints of low back pain. Keywords: Beautician; Duration of work; Low back pain

Prevalence of Disability in Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain Patients

Background: Lower back pain (LBP) is the most frequent medical condition requiring rehabilitation in most countries, and it is also the most common medical issue among individuals with disabilities. Numerous illnesses, such as nephrolithiasis, endometriosis, tumors, fibromyalgia, and psychological disorders, can induce back pain that is not related to the spine. Objective: To determine the disability prevalence among patients with chronic non-specific low back pain Materials and Methods: The cross sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka. Total 103 cases diagnosed individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain after fulfilling enrollment criteria was enrolled in this study. Question about sex life (ODI-8) was asked at the end of the interview. Disability refers to impairment, activity limitation and participation restrictions that may occur with a health condition. Low back pain was defined as pain and discomfort, localized below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds with or without referred leg pain. Statistical analyses were carried out by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results: Prevalence of the disability more than half (52.4%) of the patients had severe disability, 27(26.2%) had moderate, 14(13.6%) had crippled and 8(7.8%) had minimal disability. Conclusion: The prevalence of severe disability in Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain was 52.4%. The duration and severity of pain are significantly correlated with impairment.

GENDER DIFFERENCE IN FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY AMONG PATIENT WITH NON-SPECIFIC CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN

Background of the Study: LBP is a common condition that can be specific or non-specific. Non-specific LBP, which has no known cause, is responsible for 90% of cases and causes pain in the back from the 12th rib to the inferior gluteal folds. Methodology: The study utilized a cross-sectional design in which both males and females completed the Oswestry low back questionnaire. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: 85 patients participated in the study with a mean age of 38±9.603. Pain levels varied among patients, with 23 reporting no pain, 29 with light pain, 23 with moderate pain, and 10 with pretty severe pain. Patients had varying degrees of self-care ability with 13 able to care for themselves without triggering pain and 4 requiring daily assistance. Most patients (75 out of 85) had minor disabilities, while 10 had moderate disabilities. The relationship between the ODI score and the question was found to be similar. Conclusion: The data suggest that individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain have only a limited impairment, and only a few suffer from moderate sickness that affects their social lives. Non-specific persistent low back pain is not connected with gender differences in functional impairment. Keywords: Functional disability, non-specific, sex factor, quality of life, gender identity, low back pain.

The Effect of Ultrasound and Neuromuscular Taping Interventions on Reducing Pain in Non-Specific Low Back Pain Patients

Low back pain (LBP) is a musculoskeletal disorder caused by poor ergonomics. LBP is defined as pain localized between the costal margin and the inferior gluteal fold that lasts for more than one day. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Ultrasound and Neuromuscular Taping interventions on reducing non-specific low back pain. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pre-and post-test design, and the research sample was given Ultrasound and Neuromuscular Taping interventions. The pain measurement tool used was the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The normality test was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the effect test was performed using the Wilcoxon test. The results of this study showed that the pre-and post-intervention mean VAS scores were 6.7±1.766 and 1.7±0.674, respectively. With a value of p = 0.005 (p < 0.005), which indicates a significant difference between the VAS scores before and after Ultrasound and Neuromuscular Taping interventions. This value can be interpreted as evidence that the combination of these two interventions can reduce the degree of pain in non-specific low back pain conditions. In conclusion, the study found that there was a significant effect of Ultrasound and neuro-muscular taping (NMT) interventions on reducing pain in cases of non-specific low back pain.

The Relationship Between Work Length and Work Position with the Rate of Low Back Pain among Rice Farmers

Low back pain (LBP) is defined as pain that appears between the costal margin and inferior gluteal folds for more than one day, which can be accompanied by leg pain or numbness. Often, this pain is acute and radiates to the buttocks or thighs. LBP is caused by a farmer's poor body position when working, so it can affect performance and results. A working duration that is too long and exceeds the body's capacity can also increase the risk of LBP in farmers. This think about points to decide the relationship between over-the-top work term and non-ergonomic working positions in rice ranchers with lower back pain. The literature search process in this literature review uses three databases: Google Scholar, Scient Direct, and Pubmed, with a publication year range of 2017–2023. The search was carried out using several keywords in English and Indonesian. From all the search results, ten articles match the research criteria and can be continued to the analysis stage. The study's findings found a relationship between work term, work position, and the rate of LBP in farmers.

Efficacy of Core Muscle Stabilization in Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain Patients – A Systematic Review

Background: Low back pain referred as pain localized between the 12th rib and the inferior gluteal folds with included leg pain sometimes not, most cases are nonspecific but in about 10% of cases a specific cause is identified. The major causes of low back pain are weakness of superficial trunk muscles, abdominal muscles and motor control or delayed activation of deep muscles (multifidus and transversus abdominis). Hence Core Stabilization exercise provides greater support to the spine, control of lumbar deep muscles and pelvis, and integration of activity of superficial and deep trunk muscles. Aim:The aim of the study is to determine the efficacy of core muscle stabilization exercise in chronic nonspecific low back pain patients. Search Method: Studies were collected from databases Google scholar, PubMed, Cochrane library, Research gate, CINAHL Medicine. Methodology: Inclusion criteria was Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trial studies and Experimental study design. Sample size was 245 articles, 188 articles were collected from Google scholar, 28 articles from PubMed, and 29 articles from Cochrane library. Methodology of the Study was designed as Systematic review. Results: Out of 245 published studies, we selected 14 articles which describing about efficacy of core muscle stabilization exercise in chronic nonspecific low back pain, among which 8 articles discussed about the effectiveness of core stabilization exercise, 2 articles about lumbar stabilization, 2 articles about Pilates based exercise, 2 articles about segmental stabilization in reducing chronic nonspecific low back pain. Conclusion: By reviewing the study, we conclude that core muscle stabilization exercise is effective in reducing the chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP).

Is a pedicular flap coupled to the double turnover flaps urethroplasty suitable for urethral–perineal reconstruction? Considerations about a relapsing urethral–cutaneous fistula condition

Background: This study highlights the effectiveness, in one surgical stage, of two combined local techniques for perineal fistula repair in a patient with spinal cord injury: the " Turn over flaps urethroplasty" and the "Pedicular fasciocutaneous flap" from the inferior gluteal fold. Unlike the traditional Perforator flap, we harvested a Pedicular flap; by definition, this is a flap with a narrow diffuse microvascular supply aimed in our case at shielding the neourethra and substituting the remaining scarred perineum. Method: The urethroplasty technique adopted, the 'Double turn over flaps urethroplasty', has been based on sculpting two opposing local cutaneous flaps circumscribing the fistulous cutaneous openings. Eventually, the neourethra continuity has been re-established by turning over both flaps and making them meet medially. The dimension and thickness of the "Pedicular fasciocutaneous flap", have been considered to prevent any damage to the urethroplasty and at the same time to replace all the debrided scarred perineal tissue. Results: The follow-up confirmed a well-consolidated supple perineal area and a competent neourethra. Conclusions: The "Pedicular flap" is by definition a random vascular flap nourished through a narrow pedicle, not based on a single perforator but only on a diffuse, spread micro-perforators. When associated with the double "Turn over flaps urethroplasty", it represents a possible alternative to achieve satisfactory results for those physical and psychological challenges encountered in the treatment of recurrent urethral fistula of the perineum in a patient with spinal cord injury.

Comparative Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Quantum Acoustic Waves in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

Background: Low Back pain (LBP) is a primary source of years lived with bad health condition, with an expected 70–85 percentage of the people to experience LBP at some moments in their lives. It is typically defined as backache, muscle tightness above the inferior gluteal folds and below the costal border with or without radiating pain in leg. The most prevalent issue and a major contributor to morbidity in adults is low back pain (LBP). Acute LBP is pain that lasts less than 3 months, while chronic LBP is pain that lasts more than 3 months. Nearly two thirds of adults experience it at some point in their lives. LDH, or lumbar disc herniation, is one of the most frequent causes of LBP. Objective: This study was intended to relate the effects of low-level-laser therapy and quantum acoustic waves on low-back-pain (LBP). Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study conducted at KKT orthopedic spine center and laser pain management rehab clinic, Multan from February, 2023, to April, 2023. There were two groups in total. One group was provided with low-level-laser therapy along with routine physiotherapy and the other with quantum acoustic wave along with routine physiotherapy. Assessment on 6th and 12th session was taken and measurements of Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Oswestry low back pain questionnaire and range of motion with goniometry were recorded before and after the treatment. SPSS-27 was used to analyze the data. Results: There were a total of 48 patients. 24 patients were given to low level laser group and 24 patients to quantum acoustic waves group. The mean age of patients was 30-70, Severity of pain in quantum acoustic waves group decline considerably related to low-level-laser therapy group at the end of the treatment session (p-value=<0.01). Conclusion: Mutually low-level-laser therapy and quantum acoustic waves lessens severity of pain but quantum acoustic waves caused lessening of pain severity more than low-level-laser therapy whereas, both presented major effects on range of motion ROM. Keywords: Back Disability Index; Khan Kinetic Treatment; Low level laser therapy; Low back pain

RISK FACTOR ANALYSIS OF LOW BACK PAIN IN EMPLOYEES OF DRINKING WATER STORE IN MEDAN SELAYANG SUB-DISTRICT

Background. Low back pain is defined as feeling of pain and discomfort in the area between the costal margin and inferior gluteal fold, with or without radiating pain. In Indonesia, LBP was fifth ranks in term of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Aim. This study aims to determine risk factors for LBP in employees of drinking water store in Medan Selayang sub-District, Medan. Method. This research is an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. This study used consecutive sampling method. Minimum sample size in this study was 97 samples. Subjects in this study were employees of drinking water store in Medan Selayang sub-District. Data used in this study was primary data from samples through filling out questionnaires. Analysis used in this study was univariate analysis, bivariate with chi-square, and multivariate with logistic regression. Result. From 100 samples, 39 respondents (39%) experienced LBP. Based on bivariate analisis, p value ≤ 0.05 was found for age, body mass index, and duration of work. P value ≥ 0.05 was obtained for years of work and lifting frequency. Based on multivariate analysis with regression logistic, p value ≤ 0.05 was obtained for body mass index (p = 0.089) and work duration (p = 0.011) which indicated that work duration was the most dominant risk factor. Conclusion. There’s a relationship between age, body mass index, and work duration with the work duration being the most dominant risk factor for the incidence of low back pain in water gallon worker. .

Effectiveness of Yoga-based Interventions on Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) – A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Low back pain (LBP) is defined as the pain and stiffness above the inferior gluteal folds and below the costal margin. The LBP lasting for the duration of 12 weeks or more is considered chronic low back pain (CLBP). The age-standardized incidence rate of LBP observed in South Asia was 2,362.13 per 100,000 population. The global incidence of LBP increased by 50%, from 149,294,134.47 to 223,455,640.82 cases from 1990 to 2019 respectively. Studies reported that the yoga-based interventions reduces disability, pain, pain medicine, stress, anxiety, depression and negative emotions, and improves spinal flexibility, quality of life and positive emotions in patients with CLBP more effectively than usual care and physical exercise. Yoga appeared to be more effective than physical exercise in patients with CLBP which may be because of various aspects of yoga, such as maintaining the yoga postures, breath regulation, mindfulness, meditation, relaxation etc. which separated yoga from physical exercises. It is suggested that the government and public hospitals should take actions to employ the ancient science of yoga to cure the patients with CLBP to avoid side effects and complications.

Characteristics of Patients with Low Back Pain among Healthcare Professionals at John Piet Wanane General Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study

Highlight: Healthcare professionals have a higher risk of suffering LBP than other industrial workers. Adult women who have a high body mass index are likely to experience LBP. Healthcare professional should maintain a healthy lifestyle to increase productivity and decrase mortality ABSTRACT Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is musculoskeletal pain, tension, or stiffness that occurs below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds, with or without sciatica. It has been found that healthcare professionals are more likely to experience LBP than other industrial workers. Many factors contribute to higher rates of LBP, including occupation, age, obesity, family history, lack of exercise, and psychosocial condition. Objective: To determine LBP’s prevalence and risk factors among healthcare professionals at John Piet Wanane General Hospital. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included 158 healthcare professionals. The data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The overall prevalence of LBP in this study was 62.7%. Descriptive statistics showed that LBP was most common in the female group (71.7%), age group 35-50 years (52.5%), overweight group (61.6%), married group (80.8%), never or rarely exercise group (84.8%), non-smoking group (85.9%), non-drinkers group (84.8%), and moderate perceived stress group (63.6%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI was significantly associated with LBP. Compared with underweight participants, overweight participants were four times more likely to experience LBP (OR = 4.344, 95% CI: 1.297-14.552). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of LBP among healthcare professionals. High BMI, especially being overweight, increases the risk of developing LBP. Overweight and obesity among healthcare professionals may affect their credibility in providing patients with healthy nutrition and exercise advice. Healthcare professionals should maintain a healthy lifestyle to increase productivity and decrease mortality.

Edukasi Masyarakat Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Keluhan Low Back Pain (LBP) di Puskesmas Balung

Low back pain is pain that can be localized that occurs between the costal margins to the inferior gluteal folds that occurs for more than one day and can cause leg pain or numbness. 7.6% to 37% of the Indonesian population has experienced lower back pain. Low back pain can be caused by several risk factors, including age, body mass index (BMI), years of service, work chair, sitting position and exercise habits. Understanding low back pain and living a healthy life is one of the keys to success in preventing and solving low back pain problems. So it is important for the community at the Balung Health Center to understand about low back pain and live a healthy life. Therefore, it is necessary to increase knowledge and understanding in the community about low back pain and healthy living through education and distribution of leaflets at the Mahoni 41, 45 and 93 Integrated Health Centers in Balung, Jember Regency. This community service was carried out in May-June 2022. Patients were checked for height, weight, abdominal circumference, blood pressure and blood sugar levels. Based on the evaluation results through the pre test and post test, there were 32 people (76.1%) on Mahogany 41, 40 people (80%) on Mahogany 45 and 32 people (72.9%). This shows that there is an increase in understanding of low back pain. So it is hoped that with this knowledge, the community can apply it in daily life for a healthy lifestyle so as not to experience complaints of low back.

DEPRESSION AND SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK

ABSTRACT Aim: Low back pain is pain, muscle tension, or stiffness localized below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds, with or without leg pain (sciatica), and is defined as chronic when it persists for 12 weeks or more. Several studies have addressed the relationship between chronic low back pain and poor sexual activity for more than two decades. This study was designed to clarify the relationship between depression and chronic low back pain in the light of the information obtained from the literature review and examine how it affects sexual life. Material and method: Eighty people participated in the study. After signing the informed consent form, participants were examined by experienced physicians. Quebec Low Back Pain Scale, Beck's Depression Scale, and Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) were applied to the participants. Results: As a result of the Mann-Whitney U test, which examined whether there was a significant difference in the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale scores between the case group and the control group, there was a significant difference between the groups(U=256,500, p<,001). When the mean ranks were examined, it was seen that the case group had a higher ASLS score than the control group. In our study, it was found that there was a significant difference between the groups as a result of the Mann Whitney U test, which was carried out to examine whether there was a significant difference between the Quebec score points between the case group and the control group. (U=30,000, p<,001). Conclusion: In our study, it was observed that chronic low back pain significantly increased the level of depression and paved the way for functional losses in sexual terms. There is a moderate correction between a higher Quebec score and lower sexual satisfaction. It was found that there was a moderate relationship between Beck's depression score and sexual satisfaction. The 33-42 age group has higher Quebec scores than other age groups. It was found that there was no significant difference in scores between the groups according to gender, license degree, and marital status.

Effectiveness of Body Mechanics Training (BMT) on the Management of Low Back Pain, Functional Disability and Physical Fatigue among Women Working in Health Profession: A Study Protocol

Background: The most prevalent musculoskeletal problem among healthcare workers is low back pain (LBP). It's a type of pain between the costal margins and the inferior gluteal folds, and a painful restriction of movement frequently accompanies it. In high-risk health care professionals such as nurses, the prevalence of LBP is higher (64.07%). Clients with chronic LBP had a high level of functional impairment and weariness.
 Objectives: 1.To evaluate the effectiveness of Body Mechanics Training (BMT) on managing low back pain, functional disability, and physical fatigue among women working in the health profession on the 7th day and at the first, third, and sixth-month interval. 2.To identify the inter-relationship between LBP, functional disability, and physical fatigue.
 Study Design: It is a two-arm trial, interventional hospital-based Study.
 Place and Duration of The Study: This Study will be conducted in selected hospitals of Wardha district, Maharashtra, India. The duration of the Study will be six months.
 Methodology: The participants will be 330 women in the nursing profession with nonspecific chronic LBP aged 21 to 50. With purposive sampling technique, participants will be allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups: 1) Experimental Group will receive BMT including McKenzie and Yoga exercises, through a licensed physiotherapist and certified yoga trainer. 2) Control Group will receive written instructions regarding body mechanics in a booklet form and follow exercises at home. The experimental group will receive 24 sessions of 60 minutes (6 sessions per week over the first four weeks or a month) and then a supervised session once a week for the next five months. The outcome will be obtained during intervention on the 7th day and after completion at 1, 3, and 6 months. After therapy, the primary outcome will be pain intensity as determined by the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). The secondary outcome, i.e. pain intensity, functional disability (measured with Modified Oswestry LBP Disability Questionnaire), and physical fatigue (measured with Chalder Fatigue Scale), will be measured after treatment.
 Expected Results: LBP, functional disability, and physical fatigue will be reduced.
 Limitations: Only Nursing personnel will be included in this Study.
 Conclusion: This Study's results will contribute to developing BM Training Program for Nursing personnel to manage work-related nonspecific LBP.

Review on Chronic Low Back Pain Management Approach in Primary Care

Low back pain is a very common health issue treated in primary care and carries varying definitions. The European Guidelines for Prevention of Low Back Pain characterizes it as “pain and discomfort, localized below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds, with or without leg pain (sciatica)”, whereas S. Kinkade defines it as “pain that occurs posteriorly in the region between the lower rib margin and the proximal thighs”. Non-specific low back pain, meaning

Long Term Lumbosacral Bracing and Its Adverse Effects on Low Back

Chronic low back pain CLBP is defined ldquoas the pain or stiffness localized below the costal margins and above the inferior gluteal folds which may be accompanied with sciatica and persist for ge 12 weeks.rdquo Most of these patients present with non-specific and gradually progressive back pain. Low back pain is found to be the most debilitating condition leading to low level of quality of life QOL and disability among women with this complaint. Usually it has been observed that in chronic cases of low back pain patients get used to wearing lumbar corset or brace or belt on long term basis which can have a lot of adverse effects on their back. This causes the soft tissues of the region to shorten adapt and restrict the motion further in the spinal segments. A 63-year-old female presented with disabling low back pain that inhibited her from bending forwards and backwards. Visual Analog Scale Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire and Fear Avoidance Beliefs questionnaire FABQ were taken as baseline information for outcome measures. Range of trunk forward flexion was measured using Schoberrsquos test and the difference was less than 1cm. She was treated in our physiotherapy department with Ultrasound UST and Interferential Current Therapy IFT over lower back region. The patient and her relatives were taught how to wean-off lumbosacral belt gradually by keeping it on for few hours a day initially. Forward-bending exercises in sitting position to stretch the back muscles and other home exercises like mobility exercises along with back muscle isometrics using the wall were taught. After seven days of treatment there was a significant improvement in VAS Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire and FABQ scores. From this it can be noted that back mobility exercises are the key to improve chronic back pain. Studies have highlighted the importance of strengthening especially of the lumbar spine extensors in CLBP patients and had also emphasized on abdominal strengthening to facilitate trunk stabilization. The patientsrsquo mobility in the lumbar region improved and her dependency on the belt reduced gradually. Based on this study we infer that prolonged use of lumbar corsets lumbosacral belts lead to lumbar immobility which further can lead to weakness of back and core muscles. Educating the patient regarding the same and emphasizing more on lumbar mobility exercises on a regular basis can reduce pain improve the range of motion along with decrease in fear avoidance behavior.

The THE EFFECT OF CUPPING THERAPY ON LOW BACK PAIN LITERATURE REVIEW

The World Health Organisation (WHO) defined low back pain (LBP) as pain or discomfort that is localized between the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds, with or without leg pain. In the world, it is estimated that the prevalence of LBP ranges from 1.4% to 20.0%. In 2013, around 24.7% of workers in Indonesia had experienced occupational diseases caused by low back pain. Based on the Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RKD) survey pada in 2018, 31.4% of Indonesians have used traditional medicine, with manual treatment skill, the type of traditional medicine effort, most widely used (65.3%) and one of it is cupping therapy. Cupping (therapy) also named Hijamah. Cupping therapy is one of the alternative medicines that uses vacuum cups on the cupping point of the skin surface. Although the mechanism of action of cupping therapy is still unclear, there are several reported effects of cupping therapy including increasing skin blood flow, changing skin biomechanical properties, increasing the pain threshold, increasing local anaerobic metabolism, reducing inflammation, and modulating the immune system. cellular. According to research conducted by Volpato et al. (2019) demonstrated the effectiveness of cupping therapy in reducing pain perception and improving function in individuals with low back pain.

THE EFFECT OF CUPPING THERAPY ON LOW BACK PAIN LITERATURE REVIEW

The World Health Organisation (WHO) defined low back pain (LBP) as pain or discomfort that is localized between the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds, with or without leg pain. In the world, it is estimated that the prevalence of LBP ranges from 1.4% to 20.0%. In 2013, around 24.7% of workers in Indonesia had experienced occupational diseases caused by low back pain. Based on the Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RKD) survey pada in 2018, 31.4% of Indonesians have used traditional medicine, with manual treatment skill, the type of traditional medicine effort, most widely used (65.3%) and one of it is cupping therapy. Cupping (therapy) also named Hijamah. Cupping therapy is one of the alternative medicines that uses vacuum cups on the cupping point of the skin surface. Although the mechanism of action of cupping therapy is still unclear, there are several reported effects of cupping therapy including increasing skin blood flow, changing skin biomechanical properties, increasing the pain threshold, increasing local anaerobic metabolism, reducing inflammation, and modulating the immune system. cellular. According to research conducted by Volpato et al. (2019) demonstrated the effectiveness of cupping therapy in reducing pain perception and improving function in individuals with low back pain.

THERAPY LOW BACK PAIN WITH SWEDISH MASSAGE, ACUPRESSURE AND TURMERIC

Background: Low back pain is pain that arises below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal fold. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) low back pain is referred to as Yao Tong. Low back pain cases experienced by patients are pain that gets worse when exposed to cold air, is too tired and feels stiff and heavy. The patient has low back pain with damp cold pathogenic syndrome. Purpose: To prove the effect of combination therapy for Swedish massage in the back and waist area, acupressure at Shenshu (BL23), Dachangshu (BL25), Taixi (KI3), Taibai (SP3), Fenglong (ST40) and turmeric herbs (Curcuma longa Linn) on low back pain sufferers. Methods: Management of low back pain with Swedish, acupressure and herbal massage methods. Swedish massage therapy is performed on the back and waist area. Acupressure at the points of Shenshu (BL23), Dachangshu (BL25), Taixi (KI3), Taibai (SP3), Fenglong (ST40) with the principle of therapy of kidney and spleen tonification and elimination of cold moist pathogens. The most common herbal therapy for patients is turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn). Results: The curcumin compounds in turmeric can inhibit lipoxygenase, phospholipase A2 and COX-2 so they can reduce low back pain. In the treatment of low back pain, massage and acupressure are performed 2 times a week 12 times. While herbal therapy is given for 42 days taken once a day with a dose of 9 grams of turmeric simplicia. Conlussion: Swedish massage therapy, acupressure and herbs can reduce low back pain.