Infectious Rhinotracheitis Virus Research Articles

Research progress on the structure and function of the main glycoproteins of bovine infectious rhinotracheitis virus

Research progress on the structure and function of the main glycoproteins of bovine infectious rhinotracheitis virus

Development of differentiation method for bovine herpesvirus serotypes (BHV-1, BHV-4, BHV-5) using polymerase chain reaction

Infectious pneumoenteritis of cattle is etiologically caused by viruses of different families and species. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 — infectious rhinotracheitis virus — is the main and the most dangerous pathogen transmitted by cattle semen. At the same time, recently, according to European scientists’ data, in addition to this pathogen, other herpesviruses have been circulating in cattle groups, in particular, bovine herpesvirused of types 4 and 5. Studies have been conducted using molecular-genetic and bioinformatic methods. Based on the analysis of the genomes of bovine herpesvirus of types 1 (IBR virus), 4 and 5 we developed primers BoHV-1 F/R, which flanks the DNA fragment of the IBR virus with the length of 204 bp, BoHV-4 F/R, which flanks the DNA fragment of bovine herpesvirus type 4 with the length of 615 bp, and BoHV-5 F/R for bovine herpesvirus type 5 DNA amplification with the formation of specific fragments 158 bp in length. The tests demonstrated that primers specific for bovine herpesvirus of types 1, 4 and 5 can be used in multiplex amplification format and hybridized only with specific DNA matrices of bovine herpesviruses. A standard operating procedure ‘Indication of DNA of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and bovine herpesviruses of types 4 and 5 by polymerase chain reaction’ has been developed

Design and study of immunogenicity of virus vaccine against viral pneumoenteritis of calves

The immunogenicity of a virus vaccine against viral pneumoenteritis in young cattle was studied in laboratory animals. The results of the selection of optimal vaccine strains to study the effects of different inactivants on infectious rhinotracheitis virus, viral diarrhea, parainfluenza-3, respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus and coronavirus are presented. The accumulation of avirulent vaccine virus strains was carried out using established virological methods on transplanted cell cultures of MDBC (calf kidney cells) and SPEV (fetal pig kidney cells). Theotropine and formalin were used as inactivating agents to develop inactivation regimes for vaccine strains - components of the experimental vaccine. The antigenic activity of attenuated strains of infectious rhinotracheitis virus, viral diarrhea, parainfluenza-3, respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus and coronavirus on white mice and calves and the level of specific antibodies in the sera of guinea pigs immunized with vaccines using different adjuvants were studied. Avirulent strains of viruses were used in the design of a new virus vaccine against viral pneumoenteritis: infectious rhinotracheitis (IBR-VBF-VHAVM No. 404); diarrhea (VDVBF-VHAVM No. 406); parainfluenza-3 (PG-VBF-VHAVM No. 403); respiratory syncytial virus (RSV-VBF-VHAVM No. 405); rotavirus (RTV-VBF-VHAVM No. 401) and coronavirus (CV-VBFVHAVM No. 407). The selected vaccine strains are non-reactive and induce active production of antiviral antibodies in sufficiently high titres in both laboratory animals (white mice) and farm animals (cattle). The most effective inactivating agents are 0.1% theotropine and 0.2% formalin. Two types of oil-based adjuvants, ISA 15 and ISA 25, were used to select the optimal adjuvants for the design of the virus vaccine. Adjuvant ISA 15 was used at 15% of the antigen quantity, ISA 25 at 25%. The adjuvant IZA 15 at a concentration of 15% is the optimum adjuvant for the preparation of an experimental virus vaccine against viral pneumoenteritis in young cattle.

STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF PLASMA-CHEMICAL AND OZONE TREATMENT ON ARTIFICIALLY IMPLEMENTED MICROFLORA IN MODEL AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

The pilot studies have been conducted to determine the biocidal effects of ozone and plasma chemical treatment for 1, 2, and 3 h on the strain “Moldavian” of infectious rhinotracheitis virus, reference strain of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, atypical mycobacteria of the species Mycobacusleum phlei and archival strain of Aspergillus flavus artificially introduced into aqueous solution. It is shown that both treatments of aqueous solution contaminated with infectious rhinotracheitis virus have virucidal properties at the level of 95…100%. It was found that bactericidal (bacteriostatic) effect of ozone treatment for Escherichia coli fluid was 100% for all the time parameters. For plasma chemical treatment, the bacteriostatic effect (23%) was shown after the treatment within 3 h. The bactericidal (bacteriostatic) effect of ozone treatment for water samples contaminated with mycobacteria of the species M. phlei was only 65% at the treatment for 3 h. There was no bacteriostatic effect for plasma chemical treatment at any exposure. When studying the fungicidal (fungistatic) properties of ozone treatment for aqueous solution contaminated with a test culture of Aspergillus flavus, fungicidal properties were established (growth retardation by 95…98%). No fungicidal or fungistatic properties were shown for plasma chemical treatment.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКОГО ИСПЫТАНИЯ ВАКЦИНЫ АССОЦИИРОВАННОЙ ПРОТИВ ПАРАГРИППА-3, ИНФЕКЦИОННОГО РИНОТРАХЕИТА, ВИРУСНОЙ ДИАРЕИ, РОТА- И КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИЙ КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА

The results of preclinical studies of a medicinal product for veterinary use “Vaccine associat-ed against parainfluenza-3, infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, rotavirus and coronavirus infec-tions of cattle inactivated emulsion” are presented. The vaccine is made from concentrated parain-fluenza-3 virus antigens (strain “PTK-45/86”), infectious rhinotracheitis virus (strain “TK-A (VIEV) -V2”), viral diarrhea (strain “VK-1”), bovine rotavirus livestock (strain 2- "KL-2") and cattle coro-navirus (strain "RM"), inactivated by formalin (0.2 % by volume), emulsified in equal proportion with oil adjuvant (15 % lanolin, 85 % PES- 3). We studied the appearance, completeness of inacti-vation, sterility, safety, antigenic activity of the vaccine, tolerance by healthy animals, double ad-ministration of the vaccine in high doses. It is established that the vaccine is sterile, harmless to ani-mals. It has high antigenic activity. Twice subcutaneous administration of a vaccine dose of 1 cm3 in rabbits induced the formation of specific antibodies in blood serum in titers of PG-3 virus 266.6±65.3 in RTGA, IRT virus – 42.6±13.0 in RVN, and VD virus – 26.6±6.53 in RVN, rotavirus – 853.3±209.0 in ELISA, coronavirus – 213.3±52.2 in RTGA. Animals tolerated the introduction of high-dose vaccines. After administering the vaccine twice in a dose 3 times higher than the prophy-lactic one, the animals did not exhibit a deviation in the physiological parameters of the body. Based on the results of the research, production tests of the vaccine will be conducted on a limited number of cattle.

Роль вируса инфекционного ринотрахеита в патологии воспроизводства крупного рогатого скота

Роль вируса инфекционного ринотрахеита в патологии воспроизводства крупного рогатого скота

猫传染性鼻气管炎病毒gB和gD序列比对

【目的】比较猫传染性鼻气管炎病毒gB和gD序列差异。【方法】采用测序方法对传染性鼻气管炎病毒5株分离株和1株疫苗株的gB和gD序列进行序列测定，并比较核苷酸和氨基酸差异。【结果】结果表明分离株gB序列发生了部分变化，并且与疫苗株高度同源，其氨基酸也同样发生部分变化，gD序列没有变化。【结论】猫传染性鼻气管炎病毒分离株gB序列有变化，但与疫苗株同源性一致。 [Objective] To compare the gB and gD sequences of the Feline Infectious Rhinotracheitis virus. [Methods] The gB and gD sequences of 5 isolates and 1 vaccine strain of Feline Infectious Rhi-notracheitis virus were sequenced, and the nucleotides and amino acids of them were compared. [Results] The gB sequences of the isolates were partially mutated and were highly homologous to the vaccine strain. The amino acids of the isolates were also partially mutated. The gD sequences were not mutated. [Conclusion] The gB sequences of Feline Infectious Rhinotracheitis virus isolates were mutated, but they were homologous with vaccine strain.

Supplemental Selenium Source in Holstein Steers Challenged with Intranasal Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis Virus and in Newly Received Beef Heifers: Performance, Morbidity, Antibody Titers, and Blood Cell Counts

ABSTRACT Viral infection in newly received feedlot cattle can lead to oxidative stress. As a constituent of glutathione peroxidase, Se plays a vital antioxidant role. Our objective was to evaluate effects of Se source on the performance and health of calves challenged with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV; Exp. 1) or in field conditions (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, twenty-four Holstein steers (initial BW = 170 ± 0.6 kg) were given either 1) no supplemental Se (control), 2) 1 mg/steer daily of Se from Se-yeast, or 3) 5 mg/ steer daily of Se from sodium selenite. Treatments were fed for 28 d before steers were inoculated with IBRV (d 0) and were continued 21 d after the challenge. Treatments did not affect BW or DMI (P > 0.20) from 7 d before through 21 d after the challenge. Supplemental Se (P = 0.02) increased IBRV titer values on d 21. The IBRV challenge induced a febrile response; however, there were no treatment differences (P > 0.10) in rectal temperature. Total red and white blood cell counts, percentage of white blood cell types, and hemoglobin concentrations did not differ (P ≥ 0.11) among the 3 treatments. In Exp. 2, newly received, crossbred heifers (4 pens/treatment) were fed the same treatments as in Exp. 1, except selenite was supplied at 1 mg/heifer daily for 28 d. No treatment differences (P > 0.10) were observed for performance or health during Exp. 2. Results help to define the effects of Se supplementation and source on the immune response to viral infections in cattle.

Antiviral activity of dried extract of Stevia.

The biological (antiviral) activity of a dried purified extract of Stevia was evaluated in vitro. Tests were performed using Teschen disease virus, infectious rhinotracheitis virus, and human coronavirus.

1034 COMBINED CMV-EBV INFECTION TREATED WITH ORAL TRANSFER FACTOR (OTF)

A 4-year old male had recurring episodes of arthritis, skin rash, abdominal pain, vomiting and atypical lymphocytosis for 1½ years following an acute illness in Jan. 1978 that included pharyngitis. No etiology was found during the first 2 months of illness; further serological testing identified the probable cause as EBV. Fluctuating CMV titers suggested a dual infection. CMV viruria was first detected in April 1978 and persisted for 15 months with a peak titer of 1010 INFU/ml in March 1979. CMV was present in a buffy coat culture during an episode in Nov. 1978. Although CMV titers were persistently increased, in vitro lymphocyte responses to CMV remained negative (SI 3.0); responses to mitogen were normal. A 7-month trial of levamisole was ineffective. Bovine OTF from an animal skin test positive to infectious rhinotracheitis virus (cross reacts with human CMV) was administered every three weeks for 6 months. Two months after starting OTF, symptoms and viruria ceased and CMV SI was 4.0. He has remained symptom-free with a continued positive SI for 1 year without further therapy. Recovery from this chronic CMV infection was temporally related to OTF administration. Further evaluation of treatment with OTF for chronic virus infection accompanied by abnormal cellular immunity is suggested.

昭和43年度に流行したいわゆるウシの流行性感冒について

An outbreak of so-called bovine influenza occurred throughout Japan over a period from October, 1968, to April, 1969. A total of 42, 756 cattle were involved and 153 cattle died, were condemned or sacrificed. The case fatality rate was 0.40%.The main symptoms manifested consisted of a fever(39.0-42.0°C), polypnea, coughing, abundant rhinorrhea, lacrimation, salivation accompanied by copious foams and occasionally by blood, and leukopenia. They almost disappeared after about 10 days. Autopsy revealed severe pulmonary emphysema and hepatization in almost all cases.Spontaneously infected cattle were examinedserologically for neutralizing or hemagglutinationinhibiting antibody against known viruses of bovine origin. They had no relations to bovine epizootic fever, Ibaraki, or infectious rhinotracheitis virus. Some of them showed a significant increase in antibody titer against bovine diarrhea virus, bovine adenovirus type 6, and parainfluenza virus type 3. None of these viruses, however, seemed to be incriminated for the present outbreak. The etiology of the so-called bovine influenza remained unknown.

Purification of animal viruses with Zn(OH) 2

A simple and rapid means for purification of three animal viruses is described. Vesicular stomatitis virus, vesicular exanthema virus, and infectious rhinotracheitis virus were all precipitated quantitatively with Zn(OH) 2. The zinc hydroxide-virus complex was then dissociated by ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid. Approximately 90% of the nonspecific nitrogen was eliminated by this method from crude vesicular stomatitis virus suspensions. There appears to be a direct relationship between concentration of Zn(OH) 2 and the amount of vesicular stomatitis virus recovered. The virus was removed quantitatively by 0.05% Zn(OH) 2 from a preparation containing 10 7 plaque-forming units per milliliter. A high-titered preparation of vesicular exanthema virus was obtained after precipitation by Zn(OH) 2 and subsequent high-speed centrifugation. An electron micrograph of the purified preparation revealed spherical particles 55 mμ in diameter. The ratio of these particles to plaque count was approximately 200:1. The observed sedimentation rate of about 140 Svedberg units is compatible with the size shown by electron microscopy.